Power lithium battery recycling pain

　　Author ：Iflowpower – Portable Power Station Supplier

On September 11, Apple announced a new iPhone11. An important component of the new mobile phone TAPTICENGINE100% uses recycling rare earth making. Although it is not currently used by rare earths from their own mobile phones, Apple has been very active in resource recovery.

In April 2018, Apple launched a disassembly robot named Daisy. DAISY launched the work of the dismantling mobile phone from the LIAM robot started in 16 years. Daisy can disassemble 15 different iPhone models at 200 per hour.

According to Apple's official data, the 2018 fiscal year, Apple transformed more than 48,000 tons of electronic waste. Apple's environmental policy and vice president of social affairs said in an interview with the media that, since April this year, Apple has reclaimed approximately 9 million iPhone mobile phones since April this year. Apple's two DAISY robots are dismantling 1 million old mobile phones.

According to the form given by Apple (see below), 1 million mobile phones are only available to 7.9 tons. In addition, Apple also means that the cobalt returned to the upstream industry chain has been used to make a new apple battery.

: Apple Environmental Responsibility Report 2019DAISY robot sounds a beautiful story, technology innovation is used in the field of environmental protection circulation, and it can bring economic benefits in the way,. So now, the new energy car battery recycling field of cobalt, nickel, and lithium, etc., is it so beautiful? "Not beautiful, now it is only in the warm, I am still good, there are many people who don't have a stable incoming factory, I don't eat rice, and the wonderful days have passed, hehe!" Industry insiders who are renewed and recycled (the name).

The so-called beautiful day, the old Zhao further added "When the first two years, the price is high, 'A cat Apog' can make money, now people earn enough, the market is not good, many people have changed, and we are still This bitter. "The stable incoming material, generally refers to the waste, unsaccible products that occur during the machining process of the power lithium ion battery factory, is not the retired dynamic lithium-ion battery that is now specially concerned now. "There is not much quantity of scrap batteries to the use period, you have to starve to death.

"Lao Zhao said. Like Lao Zhao, this kind of dismantling battery business is known as the new era "City". They get the power lithium-ion battery waste through various means, and then through disassembly, crushing, screening, it is a genuine metal-free electrode powder that is genuine metal, these powder is the mine they are in the city.

Most old Zhao's peers are concentrated in Shenzhen. Why is it Shenzhen? Lao Zhao said, "Shenzhen is a consumption of consumer electronics, the recycling is early, big, the power lithium-ion battery recovery continues. "And running old Zhao, this kid, is called" small workshop "by the outside world.

The meaning of the words is not formal, don't talk about EIA and qualifications. In the past two years, due to environmental pressure and metal prices such as cobalt, lithium, plus the expansion of the recovery company's output, "small workshop" is difficult to continue. "Regular companies can not hold, in addition to the downstream companies of the power lithium-ion battery manufacturer, there is a stable income, other lives are not very good.

". "Lao Zhao said. According to Lao Zhao, the massive retired dynamic lithium-ion battery has not yet appeared.

This can't help but think about the useful power lithium-ion batteries that are concerned about the media, the government, and society. When can I become the effective supply and backbone of the battery recycling company? According to the Director of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Gao Yunhu recently said that as of the end of July 2019, my country's new energy vehicle production had more than 3.73 million, and the power storage battery is equipped with more than 176GWH.

It is estimated that by 2020, the retired power storage battery will reach 24GWH. Prospect Industrial Research Institute also has a report show that the value estimate of metal elements in the recovery of waste dynamic lithium-ion batteries is only more than 5 billion yuan, and it is expected to exceed 10 billion yuan in 2020, 2023. The size of the year will reach 25 billion yuan.

All aspects of data make people look, this is a tempting "urban mine", it is difficult to make people feel. In the 1980s, Northeastern University of Northeastern Northeastern University proposed "urban mine" theory. After that, Kioma's fortune has calculated the metal storage in Japan's "urban mineral".

It has been disconnected to the data that is shocked. The Japanese metal accounts for a large proportion of the world's total reserves, such as 16%, 2% silver 22%. , Indium 30%, copper 8%, Japan belongs to "resource big country" in a sense.

my country has no relevant data, we can't understand this idea, my country can not be "lean cobalt". However, "urban mining" may be so easy to exploit. First, the collection of batteries.

On September 4, in the 2019 Monthly Lithium Ion Battery Recycling and A Summit, the Director of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Director of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, introduced 89 automotive production companies in the country, 5116 power storage batteries. Service outlets. With the amount of battery that can now be recycled, the huge recycling network can only be in advance, far from the scale of economies.

Then the logistics problem. When new battery is produced, the battery manufacturers are generally close to the vehicle factory, and the specifications are unified. The relatively difficult transportation is small, low cost, and the logistics situation of waste batteries is quite opposite.

Waste battery specifications are not uniform, to do with electricity, high in retrograde logistics, difficulty. The so-called reverse logistics refers to the process of recovering, outdated or damaged products and packages from the customer's hand until the process of final processing links. In general, there is a feature: 1.

The time, location and quantity of reverse logistics are difficult to foresee 2, due to the decentralization and dissemination of the location, it is impossible to transfer 3 to the receiving location of the disposable concentration 3, which is uneven. In the transportation standard, new tests in packaging, transportation also reduce the efficiency car recall is a reverse logistics, see the recall costs of each family, it is really alert. The battery belongs to the ninth type of dangerous goods, in strict accordance with the national ninth type of transport standards, vehicles must have nine types of transportation qualifications, drivers and escorts must also have qualification certificates.

If you add packaging requirements, Lao Zhao is said, "this packaging and freight will directly eat this single profit. "Finally, after the recycling company gets the use of the waste battery, the battery pack is removed into modules, and the module will go to the battery.".

Because each battery manufacturer is different, it can be called thousands of differences, it is difficult to do automated dismantling, generally manual dismantling, not high efficiency. "The key is that the battery quality is getting better, we are getting more and more powerful. "Lao Zhao believes that battery dismantling will only be more and more comfortable.

" The upstream power manufacturers rarely consider dismantling, designed for dismantling, they generally don't consider our feelings. "The scrap dynamic lithium-ion battery must also carry out sufficient discharge treatment before the recovery treatment, release the residual power, generally commonly used methods with conductive salt discharge, low temperature discharge, perforation discharge. Low temperatures to use liquid nitrogen to lose the battery, but the cost is high, the recycling company is generally not.

Conductive salt discharge, perforation discharge is common discharge means. : OfWeek New Energy Automotive Network Dynamic Lithium Ion Battery After use, the electrolytic liquid is made into a paste, it is difficult to use the machine device to separate the internal and negative electrode and diaphragms. Recycling company generally performs battery cell monomer harmless treatment, dismantling crushing, screeing, and gets positive extur powder, negative powder, etc.

"Polar powder is also very learning, if you can't control it, it is very likely to induce explosions. "Lao Zhao said that after completing the dismantling, use wet metallurgical technology, use a large number of chemical reagents, and extract metal salt resources such as nickel, cobalt, lithium. The above problems are only limited to cost and efficiency problems, and people crash are the risk of battery recovery, if there is a little inadvertent, and there will be dangerous dangers of secondary pollution.

The electrolyte solute hexafluorosphate (LiPF6) in the battery belongs to toxic substances and is extravasive. When it is heat to 60 degrees, it will begin to decompose into pentafluoride (PF5), and LiPF6 is easily easy to hydrolyze with water in the air, and hydrogen fluoride Gas (HF), PF5 and HF are highly toxic gases. In addition, the solvent can cause water pollution, if the treatment is not good.

The wet metallurgy used in the price of the price will use a large amount of strong acid, a large number of high salt high CODs, ammonia nitrogen emissions, when I asked the environmental issues, Lao Zhao said that "pollution is definitely can't prevented, regular companies can still Controlled within the scope. ": Even if the energy storage science and technology will appear as the above scale is not economical and environmentally, my country is still a better country, which is still in the world's powered lithium-ion battery recovery. one.

No, no one. CircularenergyStorage from London CircularenergyStorage pointed out that in 2018, a total of 97,000 tons of lithium-ion batteries were recovered in 2018. The life of these batteries exceeded 50%, and the recovery rate has reached more than 50% of the scrapped battery.

Among them, my country is approximately 67,000 tons, South Korea is 01,800 tons. According to the survey, there are more than 30 companies in my country to recycle battery waste and secondary production. The techniques used by these companies are almost all wet metallurgical technologies, and cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate or lithium carbonate, and some companies are also producing NCM batteries or NCA batteries in using recovery process.

Within the world, there is no one related experience than Chinese people more related experience than Chinese people. Obviously, the British report did not include my country's "small workshop", but should only contain compliance companies. In January 2017, my country introduced "Methods of Promoting the Producer Responsibility Extension System", clarifying the responsible main body of the waste-driven ion battery recovery is the power lithium-ion battery manufacturer and vehicle manufacturer.

In July 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the list of battery recovery. The first batch of companies are: Zhangzhou Huayou Cobalt New Material Co., Ltd.

(Zhangzhou Huayou), Zhangzhou Haopeng Technology Co., Ltd. (Zhangzhou Haopeng), Jingmen Greenmeal new material limited Company (Greenmei), Hunan Bangpu Circular Technology Co.

, Ltd. (Hunan Bangpu), Guangdong Guanghua Technology Co., Ltd.

(Guanghua Technology). Five companies in the white list, in addition to the Bangp circle, in the eyes of the "small workshop", it is slightly awkward. First of all, the cost is high.

The big company puts a lot of environmental protection, equipment, plant, and personnel, and various expenses must be flattened. Second, the big booth. Unlike the power-lithium-ion battery company close to the layout mode of the main plant, the powerful lithium-ion battery recycling company is decentralized, and the complexity and freight of battery transportation is high, and it is necessary to lay out in the country.

Finally, the current waste and retirement battery far cannot match its yield, resulting in a loss of recycling business. "This industry has some 'second trafficker' specially fried waste, they get the price of the battery manufacturer and sell it, and the regular company is difficult to buy it. "Lao Zhao said.

"Even if it is retired battery, there is a lot of embarrassment, many people will take the tradder, even remove the small car, sell to Africa. "" Bangpu has Ningde Times's incoming material, the situation is different from other companies. ".

"Lao Zhao's words can not help but make people doubt, if the battery is really so unbearable, so many companies, especially big companies, do you have this business? If you want to recover this industry, you really have A benchmark company. This company has existed in the Napoleon era. After more than 200 years, it will last long.

Belgian Jimei, is the world's largest metal recycling company, and since 2011 began to produce production. Its main business is a car catalyst and positive material, which can extract raw materials from waste materials. Eskiller has reached 58% in the raw materials in 2018.

In 2018, its revenue was 3.3 billion euros, 72% of revenue from new energy materials and recycling business, and 46% of recycling business. From the ratio, the business of Jimei has truly realizes the closed-loop producing to recycling.

This is the company that my country has always expected to achieve. Third my country has a company once a gimbal object, called Greenmei. Greenmei proposed the strategic slogan of "Being aware of my country's Mining City Mine".

Green Midea is known as the world's largest three-yuan precursor manufacturing company, the country's first precious metal circular utilization company. In 2018, its revenue reached 1.3878 billion, of which 12.

42% of the renewable resource sector is 12.42%. The battery recovery as a submodule of the regenerative resource sector, and the specific revenue data is not reflected in the financial report.

The gross profit margin of the regeneration resource is also the smallest in each of its sections, 13.69%. At the same time, the renewable resource business also involves the subsidy of dismantling funds based on financial paragraph [2012] No.

34. At the end of January 2019, the ending balance of this subsidy in Green Mechanic reported was 863 million, and the year-ended age was 3 years. Although the recycling business has not yet reached the large-scale profitability, the determination of Green's investment production is still not small.

Greenmei has built Wuhan, Jingmen, Wuxi three waste power lithium-ion battery pack green demolition line, can deal with waste dynamic lithium-ion battery pack 250,000 sets. From 2012 to 2105, my country's new energy vehicle sales were 12,000, 176 million, 7.47 million, 331,000.

507,000 vehicles in 2016, 777,000 in 2017, 12.56 million in 2018. According to the 5-year report, it is calculated, the potential scrap scale in theory will be around 331,000 next year, and the production of Greenmei can basically be fully covered.

Not to mention, there are so many compliance companies in China and "small workshops", and the production of dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling company is currently excessive. my country stipulates that the battery recovery responsibility is the main plant and power lithium-ion battery factory, but because most host plants do not have the ability to manufacture cells. Therefore, on the battery dismantling recovery, the main plant has no advantage, and there is no business synergy effect.

Car enterprises are usually authorized to recycle waste batteries to battery companies or third-party recycling companies. The power lithium-ion battery factory understands the battery structure and has the technical advantages of power lithium-ion battery dismantling recovery. At the same time, it is also possible to do upstream and downstream cooperation with its battery material business.

On the recycling capacity and synergies, secondly, the battery material manufacturer, especially the positive material, the positive material, and all kinds of metal deal, and has the process technology of extracting metal. In addition, the positive electrode recovery material of the ternary lithium-ion battery can be highly efficient, and the precursor is an important pre-material for making a positive material material. The precursor can directly affect the performance of the positive material, but the cost of the former drive body is also very high.

"A ton of products have 20 tons of wastewater, now the former drive manufacturer has environmentally friendly water treatment system, otherwise, nothing to do. "A positive material industry insider said," The cost of water treatment system for 10,000 tons of precursors is 3,4 million, this is a small environmental cost. "The precursor may be one of the most polluted links from the battery material to the battery pack, and then with the potential pollution of battery recovery, companies that are basically prepared by the front-driven body are not welcomed by the local citizens.

: Jingmen Community Network September 12, long-term trapped in air pollution and chemical pollution caused by many industrial chemical companies, Jingmen City in Greenmei launched pollution prevention and control "100-day attack" battle. On July 3, 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "Interim Provisions on the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling". The management regulations indicate that "New Energy Automotive National Monitoring and Power Battery Recycling and Utilization" is established in accordance with relevant requirements, "information collection is conducted on power storage battery production, sales, use, scrap, recycling, utilization, etc.

, for each link main body Perform monitoring of recycling responsibility. On September 11, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology began to ask for advice on the "New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Service Network Construction and Operation". With the improvement of relevant departmental policies and regulations, environmental protection and subsidy mechanisms are sound, I believe our battery companies can realize Greenan's Slogan "resource limited cycle unlimited".

Open Apple website, environmental responsibility Raphat wrote two lines of big characters "True innovative products, only affect the world, do not affect the earth. ".