Ishishini leemoto zombane liya kuzala ishishini elikhulu lokurisayikilisha iibhetri

著者：Iflowpower – Provedor de central eléctrica portátil

Ngokwengxelo yaseBritani ethi "Guardian", ngenani lamashishini eemoto kunye norhulumente wathembisa ukuphucula inani leemoto zombane, kulindeleke ukuba inani leemoto zombane kumazwe athuthukileyo lifikelele kwi-145 yezigidi. Nangona iimoto zombane zidlala injongo ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa, kuthatha ibhombu yexesha elicinezelayo elinokuthi libeke emngciphekweni okusingqongileyo: ibhetri. Ingxelo yaseBrithani ethi "Guardian" iqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2030, ngaphezu kwe-12 yezigidi zeetoni zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion kulindeleke ukuba "zithathe umhlalaphantsi".

Ezi bhetri zinenani elikhulu lezinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-lithium, i-nickel kunye ne-cobalt, kwaye ukumbiwa kwezi zixhobo kuya kuchaphazela imozulu, indawo, kunye namalungelo abasebenzi. Ngexesha elifanayo, xa ezi bhetri zidlula ubomi benkonzo, kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba ube yimfumba yenkunkuma ye-elektroniki. Kwimeko apho ishishini leemoto sele liqalisile ukuguquka, ezinye iingcali zithi indlela yokusebenza yebhetri efikelela kubomi kufuneka icwangciswe ngoku ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimigodi, kwaye iqonde ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezisetyenziswayo.

Ubomi besibini bebhetri buvela kwi-capital ye-dollar yase-US ukuya kumjikelezo wemithombo, usebenzisa iinkampani zoshishino kunye ne-R <000000> D amaziko ukuba afunde indlela yokuchithwa okukhulu, kunye nokukhupha isinyithi esixabisekileyo. UJames Peng Nington, intloko yeWorld Economic Forum Circular Economy Project, uthe, ukuba sifuna ukwenza okungakumbi kwizinto ezikhoyo, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona akufanele kube sisisombululo sokuqala. "Eyona ndlela ilungileyo ukuqala kwasekuqaleni kukuvumela ezi zinto zisetyenziswe ixesha elide.

Uthe. UJessicarichter, iLunduniversity Research Environmental Policy, uthe: “Zininzi (iibhetri) emva kwebhetri yeemoto zombane okokuqala. “Ezi bhetri azinakuphinda zisetyenziswe ukunika amandla imoto, kodwa zinokugcina umbane ogqithileyo kwimveliso yelanga okanye kwifama yomoya.

Yenza ibhetri ye-lithium-ion kubomi bokuqala besithuthi sombane ukuya kubomi besibini obugcinwe kwindawo yokugcina amandla esisigxina, kukho enye inzuzo: ukubuyisela ibhetri ye-acid lead. Umbutho ongenzi nzuzo, "Umhlaba ococekileyo", uRichardfuller, uthe ngokukodwa kumazwe aseAfrika, kuphela malunga ne-60% yeebhetri ze-lead-acid ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto, kwaye i-20% isetyenziselwa ukugcina ukugqithisa. Amandla esola.

U-Fuller ukholelwa ukuba iibhetri ze-lead-asidi zidla ngokusetyenziswa isithuba esimalunga neminyaka emibini kuphela phantsi kwemozulu eshushu, kuba ubushushu buya kuzenza zithobeke ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ethetha ukuphinda zisetyenziswe rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa kakhulu izibonelelo eAfrika ukuba zenziwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Endaweni yoko, ezi bhetri zihlala zisuswa ngokwemveli.

Kule nkqubo, i-recycler kunye neendawo ezizungezile ziya kungcoliswa, ngelixa i-lead iyi-neurotoxin enamandla, enetyhefu, eya konakalisa ukukhula kwengqondo yabantwana. UFuller uthe ibhetri ye-lithium-ion inokubonelela ngetyhefu encinci, enye indawo yokugcina amandla ende. Umzi-mveliso wokuphinda usebenzise ibhetri ukhawulezise uphuhliso uPeng Nington uthe: “Xa ibhetri ifikile kubomi bobomi, iya kuphinda ibuyiselwe.

"Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ngoku kuyanda. U-Tesla ubhengeze kwinkampani echaphazelekayo yinkampani ebhengezwe ngo-Agasti, inkampani yaqala ukwakha izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-Super Factory e-Nevada. I-Redwood Material, engekude neTesla Super Factory, isekelwe nguTesla Babel, JBstraubel, ayikhawulelwanga kwiCarsoncity, Carssa, Naja.

Inkampani yawa ngaphezu kwe-700 yezigidi zeedola zase-US ngoJulayi kulo nyaka, kwaye iceba ukwandisa ishishini layo. Lo mzi-mveliso ufumana iibhetri zenkunkuma, ukhupha izinto ezixabisekileyo ezifana nobhedu kunye necobalt, emva koko wondle ikhonkco lokubonelela ngebhetri esulungekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwiindlela ezibalulekileyo, isajongene nomngeni omkhulu wobugcisa.

Omnye umceli mngeni kukuba uyilo lwebhetri luntsonkothile, nto leyo evumela umhlaziyi ukuba abone izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ukuqala ukwenziwa kweebhetri zaseBritane Umseki odibeneyo we-Aceleron uCarltonCummins uthe iibhetri ze-lithium-ion azifane zithathele ingqalelo ukuphinda zisetyenziswe. “Le yingxaki kwi-recycler.

Banokwazi kuphela ukuba bayayifumana imveliso, abanako ukurisayikilisha. "I-Cummins kunye nabasunguli abadibeneyo i-Armrit Qantan ijolise kwisiphene soyilo: indlela amacandelo adityaniswa ngayo. UCummins uthe uninzi lwamacandelo ludityanisiwe, olulungele ukudityaniswa kombane, kodwa alulungele ukurisayikilishwa.

Ibhetri ye-Aceleron inokucinezelwa kunye nendibano yoqhagamshelwano lwe-fastener. La macandelo adityaniswe kunye anokubuyiselwa, kwaye i-fasteners iyakwazi ukuchithwa, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise amacandelo ebhetri ahlanjululwe ngokupheleleyo, okanye adibanise icandelo elinye lesiphoso. I-disassembly efanelekileyo ngakumbi inceda ukunciphisa iingozi zokhuseleko.

Ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium ion ayifanelekanga, inokubangela umlilo kunye nokudubula. UCummin uthe, ukuba ibhetri isusiwe, kuqinisekisiwe ukuba akukho mntu ulimaza nabani na. Uhlaziyo lwenkqubo yeshishini lokurisayikilisha aluqinisekisi impumelelo nokuba kukho ingxaki yobugcisa.

Imbali ibonisa ukuba ukudalwa kweshishini elilungileyo lokurisayikilisha kunzima. Ngokomzekelo, ibhetri ye-lead-acid inokubuyiselwa okuphezulu, esinye isizathu kukuba umthetho ufuna ukuphinda usebenzise i-99% yesikhokelo kwibhetri yemoto. Nangona kunjalo, xa ibhetri ye-lead-asidi isenzeka ekugqibeleni kwisixhobo sokurisayikilisha esingafanelekanga, izinto ezinobungozi ziyakwenzeka.

Iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo zivame ukuthunyelwa ekubuyiselweni ngokusemthethweni, kuba iindleko zokusebenza ze-recycler ngokusesikweni ziphezulu, ixabiso linika ixabiso eliphantsi. Ubutyhefu beebhetri ze-lithium-ion bunokuba buncinci, kusafuneka buphinde busetyenziswe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. U-Peng Nington uthe: “Imveliso ihlala ihamba ngendlela yokuchasa, ukuze indlela yokuchasa indlela yeendlela eziqhelekileyo incinci.

“Umthetho nawo unemisebenzi. Nangona iUnited States ingekayiphumezi imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe ephinde yasetyenziselwa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, i-EU kunye nelizwe lam bacele abavelisi beebhetri ukuba bahlawule inkqubo yokuqokelela kunye neenkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. U-Peng Nington uthe ezi mali zingasetyenziselwa ukuxhasa inkampani eqhelekileyo yokurisayikilisha kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana kwabo.

NgoDisemba ka-2020, i-EU iphinde yacebisa ukuguqulwa okubanzi kwebhili yebhetri, uninzi lwayo lwalathisa ibhetri ye-lithium ion, kubandakanywa izinga lokuqokelela ibhetri ye-70%, i-cobalt, ubhedu, i-lead, kunye ne-nickel recovery ye-95% kunye nokubuyisela i-lithium. I-70%, kunye nelona nqanaba liphantsi lomxholo omtsha wokubuyisela ibhetri kwi-2030, ukwenzela ukuba i-recycler inomthamo wemarike, ingachatshazelwa kukuguquguquka kwexabiso lempahla okanye utshintsho lweekhemikhali zebhetri. U-Richt uthe: "Ezi zindululo azikagqitywa, kodwa umxholo wesiphakamiso mkhulu kakhulu.

"Idatha ingasetyenziswa. EU kunye noluntu-abucala intsebenziswano umbutho Global Battery Alliance (GBA) basebenza nzima ukwenza digital "passport", oko kukuthi irekhodi ibhetri ye-elektroniki, kuquka ibhetri ulwazi umjikelo ubomi. "Torstenfreund" uTorstenfreund, intloko ye-GBA Battery Passport Initiative, "Sicinga ukwenza ikhowudi enamacala amabini okanye isixhobo sokujonga i-RF.

"Isixhobo sixela impilo yebhetri kunye nomthamo oshiyekileyo ukunceda abavelisi abazenzelayo ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwebhetri okanye ukurisayikilisha. Idatha ehambelanayo yemathiriyeli yebhetri inokunceda ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ukuqonda amacandelo ahlukeneyo ekhemikhali yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Nje ukuba ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kudumile, incwadana yokundwendwela inokuphinda ibonise umthamo ofumanekayo kwibhetri entsha.

UMaya Ben DroenDror, intloko yeforum yezoqoqosho kwiforum yehlabathi, uthe njengoko ishishini leemoto liqala ukuguquka, ngoku lisombulula ezi ngxaki. Uthe imali iza kuthululela ithuba kwishishini, "inokuqinisekisa ukuba olu tyalo-mali luza kusetyenziselwa indalo entsha ezinzileyo, hayi imoto entsha". U-Richt uthe, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba itrafikhi eluhlaza ayikhawulelwanga kwiimoto zombane.

Ukuhamba, ukukhwela ibhayisekile okanye ukukhwela isithuthi sikawonke-wonke, njl. “Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba sinokuba nemveliso ezinzileyo kwinkqubo engazinzanga. Uthe.

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