Abubuwa da hanyoyin auna ƙarfin baturi

Mawallafi: Iflowpower - Mai Bayar da Tashar Wutar Lantarki

Bayan wayar hannu ta fito, batir mai caji da alamun wutar lantarki da ke da alaƙa sun zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na al&39;ummarmu na bayanai. A gare mu, suna da mahimmanci kamar alamar man fetur na mota wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Bambancin kawai shine direban ba zai iya jure wa umarnin mai ba daidai ba, yayin da masu amfani da wayar hannu suna son samun daidaito.

Babban ƙuduri mai nuna ƙarfi. Bayan an warware matsalolin fasaha da yawa har sai da 1997 baturin lithium-ion ya fara samar da yawa. Domin ana iya samar da mafi girman ƙarfin makamashi (yawan girma da nauyin nauyi), ana amfani da su sosai a cikin tsarin daban-daban tun daga wayoyin hannu zuwa motocin lantarki.

Batura lithium-ion suna da wasu mahimman fasalulluka waɗanda ke shafar wuta, fakitin baturi dole ne ya ƙunshi hanyoyin aminci daban-daban don hana cajin baturi, zurfafa zurfafawa ko haɗin baya. Tun da sinadarin lithium yana aiki sosai, akwai yuwuwar haɗarin fashewa, don haka batirin lithium ion ba a fallasa shi zuwa yanayin zafi mai girma. Anode na lithium ion baturi yana kunshe da carbide, kuma cathode yana kunshe da karfe oxide, kuma lithium yana karawa zuwa mafi ƙarancin hanyar lalacewa na lattice.

Ana kiran wannan tsari dasawa. Karfe lithium zai sami karfin dauki tare da ruwa, don haka baturin lithium-ion yana amfani da gishirin lithium na kwayoyin marasa ruwa a matsayin electrolyte. Lokacin cajin baturin lithium ion, zarra na lithium ana watsa shi zuwa ga anode ta hanyar lantarki ta hanyar lantarki.

Batirin ƙarfin baturi shine mafi mahimmancin ma&39;auni (ban da ƙarfin lantarki) shine ƙarfin, naúrar shine mAh (MAH), ma&39;anarsa shine matsakaicin adadin ƙarfin da baturi ke bayarwa. Ƙarfin ma&39;anar masana&39;anta shine ƙimar baturin ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin fitarwa, amma baturin zai canza bayan fitar da baturin. Ƙarfin baturi yana da alaƙa da zafin baturi (Fig.

1). Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga lanƙwasa, ana iya cajin baturin da 20% ta baturi akan yanayin zafi mai girma idan aka kwatanta da bayanan caji a -20 ° C. Launuka biyun da ke ƙasa Hoto na 1 suna nuna cewa zafin jiki ya fi shafan zafin jiki, kuma waɗannan hanyoyin suna nuna cikakken baturi don fitar da ragowar wutar lantarki a magudanar ruwa daban-daban guda biyu, daga waɗannan biyun Ana iya ganin cewa ragowar ƙarfin baturin yana da alaƙa da fitar da wutar lantarki.

A yanayin zafi da aka ba da ƙimar fitarwa, ƙarfin baturin lithium ion da za a iya samu shine bambanci tsakanin babban lanƙwasa da ƙananan lanƙwasa daidai. Don haka, lokacin da ƙarancin zafin jiki ko babban fitarwa na yanzu, ƙarfin baturin lithium ion zai ragu sosai. A ƙananan yanayin zafi ko babban fitarwa na yanzu, baturin da ya rage yana da girma, kuma ana iya fitarwa a ƙaramin halin yanzu a zazzabi iri ɗaya.

Sakamakon cakuɗen ƙazanta da ke cikin electrolyte, akwai wani sinadari da ba a so a cikin baturin, wanda ke haifar da asarar wutar lantarki. Matsakaicin rabon fitar da kai na nau&39;in baturi gama gari a cikin ɗaki yana nunawa a cikin Tebur 1. Saurin halayen sinadaran yana shafar zafin jiki, don haka fitar da kai yana da alaƙa da zafin jiki.

Dangane da nau&39;ikan batura daban-daban, ana iya ƙirƙira fitar da kai tare da juriya iri ɗaya na cinye halin yanzu. Ƙarfin baturi yana raguwa tare da sabon adadin caji da fitarwa, wanda aka ƙididdige shi zuwa rayuwar aiki, wato, baturi kafin ƙarfinsa ya faɗi zuwa 80% na ƙarfin farko na 80%, fitarwa. Batura lithium-ion na yau da kullun suna da rayuwar aiki na caji / fitarwa 300 ~ 500.

Rayuwar batirin Lithium-ion shima lokaci yana shafar shi, ba tare da la&39;akari da ko a&39;a ba, ƙarfinsa yana farawa sannu a hankali bayan masana&39;anta. A 25 ° C, wannan tasirin zai iya haifar da cikakken baturi ya rasa 20% a kowace shekara; asarar 35% a 40 ° C. Game da baturin da ba a cika caji ba, wannan tsarin tsufa yana da hankali: 25 ° C, ragowar 40% baturi yana ɓacewa kowace shekara ta kusan 4% na adadin wutar lantarki.

Littafin bayanan baturi yana ƙayyadad da yanayin yanayin fitarwa a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, ɗayan abin da ke shafar ƙarfin baturi shine ɗaukar nauyi. Duk da haka, ba za a iya kwatanta nauyin halin yanzu ta hanyar juriya mai sauƙi ba, saboda juriya ya dogara da wasu sigogi, kamar tsufa na baturi da matakan lantarki. Idan aka kwatanta da ainihin baturi, baturin lithium ion mai cajin yana baje kolin fiɗaɗɗen lanƙwasa.

Masu haɓaka tsarin sun fi son wannan fasalin saboda ƙarfin lantarki da baturi ke bayarwa ba ya canzawa sosai. Koyaya, tare da fitar da baturin, ƙarfin baturi yana kusan alaƙa da sauran ƙarfin. Mai sauƙi ba daidai yake da "gajeren hanya" don ƙayyade ikon da ake samu na baturin ba, da farko yana buƙatar hanyar ganowa mai sauƙi, tsarin ganowa yana cinye wutar lantarki kawai, yana ba mai amfani damar ƙididdige matakin matakin wutar lantarki daga ƙarfin baturi (mafi dacewa).

Duk da haka, tun da babu wata bayyananniyar dangantaka tsakanin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki, sakamakon gano wadatar wutar lantarki na iya zama marar dogaro. Bugu da kari, wutar lantarkin baturi shima ya dogara ne akan zafin jiki da tasirin fitarwa mai ƙarfi (wanda ke sa ƙarshen ƙarfin ɗan jinkirin) lokacin rage nauyin halin yanzu. Sabili da haka, hanyar gano wutar lantarki mai sauƙi yana da wuyar tabbatar da cewa daidaiton ikon saka idanu ya fi 25%.

Ana kiran matakin dangi na ƙarfin sau da yawa azaman yanayin caji (SOC), yana nufin rabon ƙarfin da ya rage da ƙarfin baturi. Ƙaddamar da wannan ma&39;auni shine saka idanu mai shigowa, gudana daga adadin cajin - hanyar da ake kira "coulombometer". Ana samun ainihin coulombium ta hanyar tara abin da ke gudana daga baturi.

Lokacin da aka auna halin yanzu tare da babban ƙuduri na ADC, ana amfani da ƙaramin juriya a cikin jerin tare da ƙaramin juriya da anode baturi. Saboda dangantakar aiki tsakanin SOC baturi da wasu sigogin da aka ambata a sama, dole ne a ƙayyade ƙarfin baturin ta hanyar kwarewa mai dacewa. A halin yanzu babu cikakken samfurin bincike (tare da isasshen daidaito) don ƙididdige ƙarfin takamaiman yanayin aiki (kamar zazzabi, caji, halin yanzu, da sauransu.

). Tsarin ka&39;idar ya dace ne kawai don ƙayyade yanayi, don samun matakan caji na dangi, ana amfani da waɗannan samfuran don takamaiman yanayi da daidaitawa gabaɗaya. Domin samun isasshe babban ƙarfin metering daidaito, da model sigogi dole ne a ci gaba da calibrated - ta amfani da abin da ake kira ikon "koyo" yanayin, tare da coulombi, wannan hanya na iya sa ikon metering daidaito zuwa da dama kashi maki.

Hanyar auna wutar lantarki Game da batura masu caji a nau&39;ikan daban-daban, tsari, da aikace-aikace, haɗaɗɗun da&39;irori na zamani na iya ƙayyade SOC ɗin su. Duk da cinye ƙaramin adadin wutar lantarki (yanayin amfani 60mA, yanayin bacci shine 1mA), waɗannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta na iya samun daidaito mafi girma. An kasu guntu quntimeter guntu zuwa nau&39;i uku (Table 2) saboda batirin lithium ion shine zaɓin da aka fi so don yawancin aikace-aikacen, wanda ke misalta da&39;irar da&39;ira na lithium ion da batirin lithium polymer.

Coulombau, wanda kuma aka sani da duba baturi, jujjuya don aunawa, kirgawa, da sigogin baturi, gami da wutar lantarki, zazzabi, ƙarfin lantarki, lambar caji, da sauransu. Coulombia ba zai iya auna masu canji ba, babu hankali. DS2762 a cikin wannan nau&39;in guntu yana ƙunshe da madaidaicin 25MΩ masu kumbura, kuma yana iya saka idanu zafin jiki, ƙarfin baturi da na yanzu, sadarwa ta hanyar bas ɗin 1-Wire, ƙyale fakitin baturi ko microcontroller a cikin fakitin baturi ko tsarin masauki don karanta duk bayanai.

Kuna iya ƙirƙirar tsarin mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, amma dole ne ku fahimci mahimmancin ilimin baya kuma ku sanya wasu ayyukan ci gaba, software, samfuri, da tallafin da masu siyar da IC ke bayarwa, na iya rage farashin ci gaba. Wata hanya ita ce yin amfani da mitar wutar lantarki don ƙididdige ƙididdiga, wanda zai iya tafiyar da ma&39;aunin wutar lantarki tare da algorithms koyo da duk ma&39;auni masu mahimmanci. Batura masu wayo galibi suna amfani da mita wuta don yin sa ido ta atomatik, ta amfani da ƙarancin aikin haɓaka da ake buƙata don amfani da haɗaɗɗen mitoci, taimako don rage lokacin lissafin samfur.

DS2780 cikakken haɗe-haɗen mitar wuta wanda ke bawa mai watsa shiri damar karanta SOC ta cikin bas ɗin Wire 1, kuma yana ba da da&39;irar kariya ta aminci don baturin lithium ion. Wani zaɓi shine a yi amfani da na&39;urar mita wutar lantarki, wanda ya haɗa da microcontroller, wanda zai iya ba da sassauci mai yawa. Misali, MAX1781, hadewar ciki na RISC core, E2PROM da RAM.

Masu haɓakawa za su iya cimma ƙirar baturi, shirye-shiryen mitar wutar lantarki da ma&39;auni masu mahimmanci. Za&39;a iya aiwatar da sauƙi, daidaitaccen nuni na SOC ta hanyar firikwensin LED na ciki. Kammalawa Tasiri da sigogi masu alaƙa da yawa, adadin ma&39;aunin wutar lantarki na batura masu caji ya zama aiki mai rikitarwa.

Ma&39;auni mai sauƙi ba zai iya samar da ingantaccen sakamako ba, yana aiki kawai ga wasu aikace-aikace marasa mahimmanci. Ta yin amfani da na&39;urar lantarki da aka shirya, ana iya samun madaidaicin madaidaicin wutar lantarki.