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The nano-engineer of the University of California San Diego has developed a safe feature that prevents lithium metal batteries from being rapidly warmed and fired when they are short-circuited. Liu Ping, a professor of nano-engineering from California, San Diego, published a paper in the "Advanced Materials" magazine, published in the "Advanced Materials" magazine, introduced their work in detail. Lithium metal batteries have great potential in performance, but it is easy to fail in the current form.
This is due to the growth of the needle structure called the dendritic crystal, the dendrimature is formed on the anode after the battery is charged, and the separator can be pierced, and the separator is formed between the anode and the cathode. Barrier, slowing energy and heat flow. When this obstacle is destroyed and electrons can flow more freely, they produce more calories, and things will be out of control, causing battery overheating, fail, fire, even explosion.
Scientists are seeking to solve these problems in lithium metal batteries in a variety of ways, where ultrasonic or special protective layers use ultrasound or special protective layers from being only a few possibilities. The team has cleared the portion of the battery called the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a barrier between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, so that when the battery is short, the energy accumulated in the battery (that is, heat) flows Slow down.
The first author of the thesis stunned: "We don't try to prevent battery failure. We just make the battery more secure, so when it fails, the battery will not catch fire or explosion. Lithium metal batteries After repeated charging, the anode will appear in the anode.
Over time, the dendritic growth is long enough, penetrating the diaphragm, raising a bridge between the anode and the cathode, causing internal short circuits. When this happens, the electron flow between the two electrodes is lost control, causing the battery to turn overheat and stop working. The research team in the University of California San Diego is basically alleviated.
One side covers a thin layer, partially electrically conductive carbon nanotube network, which can intercept any formation of dendrites. When a dendritic paste the diaphragm and hits the carbon nanotube net, the electronic has a channel, which can slowly discharge, not directly to the cathode. Gonzalez will compare the new battery separator to the drainage path on the dam.
He said: "When the dam begins to be buffered, you will open the spill, let some water flow out in a controllable manner. In this way, when the dam is really a decissete, there is not much water that can cause floods. This is the idea of our separator, which greatly reduces the discharge speed of charge, preventing electronic "flooding" to the cathode.
When the dendritic is intercepted by the conductive layer of the separator, the battery will start to discharge, so when the battery is short, there is not enough energy to be dangerous. "Other battery research work is concentrated in blocking the penetration of dendrites with a strong enough material. But Gonzalez said that a problem with this approach is that it is only extended inevitable results.
These separators still need well, allowing ions to pass so that the battery work. Therefore, when the tree is finally passed, the short circuit will become worse. In the test, the lithium metal battery installed in the new separator exhibits signs of gradually failing in 20 to 30 cycles.
At the same time, the battery and a normal (and slightly thick) separator experience suddenly faults in one cycle. "In a real case scene, you will not have any pre-warning about the battery is about to fail. The previous second may be ok, it will catch fire or completely short circuit next second.
This is unpredictable, "Gonzalez said. "But with our separator, you will be warned in advance, getting worse, getting worse, getting worse, getting more and more,. "Although the focus of this study is lithium metal batteries, researchers say that this separator can also be used in lithium ions and other battery chemical reactions.
The research team will be committed to optimizing the commercial use of the separator. California University San Diego has applied for a temporary patent for the study.
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