I-athikili eyodwa ikutshela ukuthi usilinganisela kanjani isikhathi sokuphakelwa kwamandla kwamabhethri ezinzwa ezingenantambo

2022/04/08

Umbhali :Iflowpower -Umhlinzeki Wesiteshi Samandla Esiphathekayo

Izinzwa ezingenantambo zinikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu wokuqapha izimo zemvelo noma izitshalo zezimboni nemishini yemishini. Ngoba kulula ukuzifaka, zingaphakela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngokusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwama-"IoTs", ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ezingenantambo kuzoletha ukuqhuma okukhulu.

Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ekhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ezingenantambo ukuthi impilo yebhethri yazo ilinganiselwe kakhulu. Lapho inzwa engenantambo isebenza ngokuphelele ebhethrini, lapho ibhethri seliphelile, inzwa iba yimfucuza. Uma uklama izinzwa ezingenantambo ezinikwa amandla ibhethri, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi isebenza isikhathi esithile, ukuze ubhekane nenqwaba yamaphazili.

Indlela evamile ukusebenzisa ugesi lapho wenza imisebenzi edingekayo, futhi ngesinye isikhathi inzwa izongena kumodi yokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi. Izinzwa ezingenantambo zingahlukaniswa zibe uchungechunge lwemisebenzi, umsebenzi ngamunye uyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla athile phakathi nenkathi yesikhathi. Imisebenzi ejwayeleke kakhulu ihlanganisa: ● Ukuvuka, ukulinganisa, nokwengeza idatha olwazini ● Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kuzikhulisamandla ze-RF, thumela ulwazi, futhi uvale isikhulisamandla samandla se-RF ● Kuzinzwa eziqondiswa kabili (thumela nokwamukela): Vuka, ukuze wamukele. Khanyisa, thola amasiginali, xazulula idatha, ngokuya ngesenzo solwazi, bese uyinqamula futhi, kukhona imisebenzi eminingi edla amandla ebhethri.

Nweba isikhathi samandla ebhethri, umkhuba olula ukusebenzisa amabhethri amakhulu, anamabhethri amakhulu. Nokho, amakhasimende akho angase afune ukuthi inzwa ibe incane, isebenze kahle kakhulu (ukuze akwazi ukuthumela inani elikhulu ledatha, futhi abe nokulungiswa kwedatha okuhlakaniphile/kwedatha endaweni). Ngokusobala, okulindelwe yikhasimende kanye nendlela elula yokusingatha le nkinga ngesikhathi sokunikezwa kwebhethri kubekwe ngokuphelele.

Umfanekiso 1: Izinga lamanje lenzwa engenantambo ngamafidi amathathu. Onjiniyela basilinganisela kanjani isikhathi sokuphakelwa kwamandla ebhethri? Njengonjiniyela wokuklama, kufanele ucabangele ibhalansi phakathi kwevolumu yebhethri nomsebenzi wenzwa engenantambo, ukuze ibhethri elincane lisetshenziswe ukudlala ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi uqhubeke nokuba nesikhathi eside. Inqubo yokwenza kahle kufanele iqale iqonde isidingo samandla.

Ukuqoqa idatha mayelana namandla kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekubaluleni ukusebenza kwedivayisi. Ibhethri ine-pre-ebankment yamandla (Watt (WH)) kanye nomthamo (MAH)). Uma uqonda ukuthi lusebenza kangakanani idivayisi, ungakwazi ukubala isikhathi sokuphakelwa kwamandla ebhethri.

Isikhathi Sokuhlinzeka Ngamandla Ebhethri (Ihora) = Amandla Ebhethri (WH) / Amandla Okukhipha Okufanayo (W) Amandla ebhethri nawo angumkhiqizo wevoltheji yayo elinganiselwe (V) kanye nomthamo (AH). I-voltage elinganiselwe inani lephoyinti eliphakathi nendawo lejika lokuphuma kwebhethri elinqunywa umuzwa ohlobene, ongahlotshaniswa ngokulungile namandla nomthamo webhethri. Ngokusekelwe kule ncazelo, isikhathi sokuphakelwa kwamandla ebhethri singanqunywa ngale fomula: isikhathi sokunikezwa kwamandla ebhethri (ihora) = umthamo webhethri (AH) / ukukhishwa okufanayo okwamanje (a) Umfanekiso 2: I-Keysightn6781ASMU ingakala ngokunembile kulo lonke elamanje. izinga lamanje.

Kodwa-ke, uma idivayisi isebenza ngempela, isikhathi sokuphakela amandla ebhethri ngokuvamile sifushane kunesibalo sakho. Imibono esivame ukuyizwa ithi: "Ikhwalithi yaleli bhethri yimbi kakhulu!" Amanye amabhethri amakhulu ajwayele ukuhlinzeka ngezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezithile futhi achaze ukuthi phakathi kohlobo olufanayo lwamabhethri, umthamo ngokuvamile uzoba ngu-5%. 10% umehluko.

Kodwa ngisho nangokuhambisana nomthamo webhethri olinganiselwe, isikhathi sokunikezwa kwebhethri ngokuvamile asifinyelelwa. Ubude bomsebenzi wedivayisi bufushane kunalokho ebesikulindele. Kungani lokhu? Ingabe silinganiselwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kulungile? Ingahle ingalungi.

Ake sihlole le nkinga. Ukulinganisa ubunkimbinkimbi bokusetshenziswa kwamanje okuguquguqukayo Kumadivayisi anikezela amandla ebhethri njengezinzwa ezingenantambo, ukuze wonge amandla, isiyingi esincane socingo sicushwa kuphela. Onjiniyela baklama idivayisi ibe imodi yokulala encane kakhulu esikhathini esiningi.

Kumodi yokulala, ukusebenza kwewashi lesikhathi sangempela kuphela. Amadivayisi azovuka njalo ukuze enze ukulinganisa. Bese uthumela idatha eqoqiwe endaweni yokwamukela.

Izindlela zokusebenza ezihlukene zizoholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamanje kububanzi obubanzi obuguqukayo ukusuka ku-sub-ua kuye ku-100 mA, ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1,000,000. Ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa bendabuko kanye nemikhawulo yabo kufanele bulinganise indlela yamanje, eyaziwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi wamamitha. Ukusebenzisa i-multimeter yesimanje yedijithali kufana nokunemba okuhle kokulinganisa kwamanje, izinkomba zayo zobuchwepheshe zinqunywa ngokuvumelana nobubanzi obunqunyiwe kanye nezinga lesignali elilinganiselwe, ngoba inzwa engenazintambo inokusetshenziswa kwamanje okuguquguqukayo, ayifaneleki kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-multimeter.

Ukulinganisa. Umfanekiso 3: Irekhoda Yedatha: Wonke amasampuli ayafana emjikelezweni wamasampula oqhubekayo. Akukho ukulahleka kwesampula.

Kumjikelezo wesampula ngamunye, ungahlinzeka ngamavelu amancane kanye namanani aphezulu. I-multimeter yedijithali ixhunywe ochungechungeni phakathi kwebhethri nocingo ukuze kukale amandla amanje. Ngenxa yethonya lomjikelezo wokwenza kusebenze izinzwa noma imodi yokuthumela, sizobona ukufundwa okungazinzile ngezikhathi ezithile.

Siyaqonda ukuthi ama-multimeter edijithali anobubanzi obuningi, esebenzisa ububanzi obuzenzakalelayo ukuze akhethe ububanzi obufanele kakhulu, futhi anikeze ukunemba okungcono kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, i-multimeter yedijithali akuyona yonke inzuzo. Ibanga elizenzakalelayo Isikhathi sokushintsha ububanzi nemiphumela yokulinganisa ezinzile.

Isikhathi sebanga elizenzakalelayo ngokuvamile singu-10ms ukuya ku-100ms, side kunemodi yokudlulisela noma yokuvula. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzisi ufuna ukukhubaza umsebenzi wokucaphuna ozenzakalelayo, akhethe ngokuzenzela uhla olufanele kakhulu. Umgomo wokulinganisa we-multimeter yedijithali ukufaka isihlukanisi kumjikelezo bese ukala ukwehla kwengcindezi kulesi sihlukanisi.

Ngokuvamile, ufuna ukukala imisinga emincane, ungasebenzisa i-high-resistance junction bese ukhetha ububanzi obuphansi; ukukala amaza amakhulu, sebenzisa ama-jidopters amelana kancane bese ukhetha ibanga lezinga eliphezulu. Lokhu kwehla kwengcindezi kubizwa nangokuthi i-voltage yomthwalo. Ngenxa yalokhu kwehla kwengcindezi, akuwona wonke ama-voltage ebhethri angafinyelela kuzinzwa ezingenantambo.

Ibanga eliphansi yilo elinembe kakhulu, ungakwazi ukukala isilinganiso sokulala, kodwa uzomelana ne-voltage ethile phakathi nokuphakama kwamanje, futhi lokhu kungase kubangele nokusetha kabusha idivayisi. Eqinisweni, ekugcineni senza isivumelwano, sebenzisa amaza amakhulu ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi idivayisi ingasebenza kahle uma idivayisi isezingeni eliphezulu. Lesi sivumelwano sisivumela ukuthi sixazulule umthamo wamanje, futhi ungakwazi ukukala isikhathi sokulala, kodwa intengo nayo inkulu kakhulu.

Njengoba iphutha lokuchema licacisiwe ngokusekelwe esikalini sobubanzi, lizophazamisa kakhulu umphumela wokulinganisa weleveli yamanje ephansi. Leli phutha lingase libe ngu-0.005% wobubanzi be-100mA, obungu-5μA, kodwa cishe u-50% we-10μA, cishe u-1μA wamanje ngu-500%.

Idivayisi ikuleveli yamanje ezikhathini eziningi, ngakho leli phutha linomthelela omkhulu esilinganisweni sesikhathi sokuphakelwa kwamandla ebhethri. Ngemva kokulinganisa izinga eliphansi lamanje kumodi yokulala, ngeke silinganise ama-pulses okuqalisa kanye nama-pulses okuthutha, okuhlanganisa ileveli yamanje, kanye nesikhathi senzwa kuleli zinga. I-oscilloscope iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokulinganisa amasignali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele silinganise izinga lamazinga obunzima, uphenyo lwamanje alukwazi ukuqhudelana nalo msebenzi ngenxa yama-smacks alinganiselwe kanye nezinkinga ze-drift. I-clamp probe enhle inomsindo ongu-2.5Marms, ngokuvamile yenza ngokuphindaphindiwe uhlelo lwesinxephezelo esinguziro.

I-probe yamanje ikala insimu kagesi yomugqa, ngakho-ke imfihlo yokuthuthukisa ubuthakathaka ukudlula umugqa ofanayo izikhathi eziningi, ngaleyo ndlela wengeze insimu entsha kazibuthe izikhathi eziningana - ngaleyo ndlela wengeze izikhathi ezimbalwa ezintsha, ukuze sikwazi ukukala kangcono okwamanje. Ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukuthwebula ama-pulse amanje ngesikhathi sokwenza kusebenze nesikhathi sokudlulisela. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokwenza kusebenze kanye nesikhathi sokudlulisa, okwamanje kuzoshintsha izinga: kufana nokuqhuma kokuqhuma okuhlanganiswe namazinga aphezulu naphansi.

Ukuze kubalwe kahle iyunifomu yamanje, le fomu yegagasi izothunyelwa, wonke amaphuzu okulinganisa ahlanganiswe ukuze kutholwe inani elifanayo. Umfanekiso 4: 200 irekhodi lokusetshenziswa kwamanje kwemizuzwana engu-200 liyinkambu entsha yombono wokusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo kwamanje kwedivayisi yokubuka. I-oscilloscope ingathwebula ukuqhuma okukodwa kahle kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingaki izikhathi lapho inzwa isebenza khona esikhathini esithile, izokwethula isikhathi esingakanani i-TX iqhume, futhi ukulinganisa kuzoba nzima kakhulu. I-oscilloscope ingaqedela izilinganiso ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa inzwa inemizuzu embalwa noma amahora omjikelezo wokusebenza, ukuthwebula nokulinganisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Iyunithi ye-keySightn6781a yamandla / yokulinganisa (SMU) yokuwohloka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ebhethri, inqoba imikhawulo yezindlela zokulinganisa ezivamile: amarekhodi edatha wezikhawu zamanje ezingenazihibe nezesikhathi eside.

Le mojula ye-SMU ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nesistimu yamandla amancane e-Keysightn6700 noma ukubola kwamandla we-N6705 DC. I-current engenamthungo ubuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi obuvumela i-SMU ukuthi iguqule ububanzi bokulinganisa, futhi amandla ogesi okukhiphayo ahlala azinzile, futhi akubangeli ukwehla kwengcindezi ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kobubanzi. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ukuphakama usebenzisa amanani amanje aphezulu, ulinganise isikhathi sokulala usebenzisa ububanzi be-1MAFS (ngephutha le-offset elingu-100NA).

Leli phutha lokuchema eliphansi (iphutha le-100na lokuchema lihlotshaniswa ne-1μA ka-10%, cishe u-1% 10μA), futhi i-oda liphakeme kune-multimeter evamile yedijithali. I-current engenamthungo ihlanganiswe nama-digitizers amabili ukukala i-voltage kanye neyamanje nge-200KSA / S (izinga lokubandlulula isikhathi esingu-5US). Ngezinga lokucwasa lesikhathi esigcwele, ungathwebula futhi ubonise imiphumela yokulinganisa yedijithali ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-2, ukwehlisa izinga lokubandlulula, kanye nokulinganisa kwesikhathi kwengezwe.

Nokho, lapho wenza izilinganiso zesikhathi eside, isigcini sedatha esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-Keysightn6705B modular DC yensimbi yokuwohloka kwamandla sizokala umphumela we-200KSA / s phakathi nesikhathi sokuhlanganisa (20 uz ukuya kumasekhondi angu-60) esishiwo, futhi ngeke silahlekelwe okubalulekile. umjikelezo. Noma iyiphi isampula. Njengoba isilondolozi sedatha singenakuqhathaniswa, wonke amasampuli azohlukaniswa abe umjikelezo wokuhlanganisa noma umjikelezo olandelayo wokuhlanganisa ------ Ngeke kulahlekelwe noma iyiphi isampula.

Nge-logger yedatha, onjiniyela bangakala ukusebenza kwamanje nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezinzwa ezingenantambo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kuze kufike emahoreni ayi-1000. Ukulinganisa izinga lokulala, inqobo nje uma ikhesa ibekiwe, ungafunda ukufundwa kokulinganisa. Umfanekiso we-4 iqoqo elilodwa lezilinganiso zesikhathi eside; singathola imephu yokusetshenziswa yamanje ephelele, futhi silinganise ngokunembile isikhathi sokulala sibe ngu-599NA.

Ngomsebenzi we-pan nokusondeza, singabona isikhathi sokugcinwa kweleveli yamanje kanye neleveli yamandla ngayinye. Imininingwane esebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa endabuko ayikwazi ukubonakala kuleli thuba lokufaka kuhlu nokulinganisa. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo konqenqema olusetshenziswe kuMfanekiso 4 kunqunywa kuyisibonelo esihlukile.

Isofthiwe yembule le mfihlo engalindelekile: 3.3μA's iyunifomu yamanje, idivayisi idla amandla e-pulse cishe ngo-90μA ukuphakama, isikhathi sokuqhubeka singama-500 ms. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kwengezwe ku-599NA yokulala yamanje, futhi umphumela ufinyelela ku-730NA, okuyi-22% ephakeme kunamanje okulindelekile.

Le ngozi ingase ibe enye yokuthi izidingo zethu zamandla aphansi zibangelwa ukwenza amandla ebhethri abe khona kunalokho obekulindelwe. Lapho ulungiselela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenzwa engenantambo, ukuqonda lolu lwazi oluthile mayelana nonjiniyela kuyasiza kakhulu. Lapho ngiphishekela ibhalansi phakathi kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi nokusetshenziswa kwebhethri, futhi ngiphendula, "Kufanele ngithumele umlayezo njalo ngamasekhondi angu-5, njalo ngamasekhondi angu-5 noma njalo ngamasekhondi angu-10?" Iyini inkinga yokuthumela iphakethe ukuze kudle amandla angakanani abaluleke kakhulu.

Onjiniyela bangalinganisela ngokunembile umthelela wokusetshenziswa kwebhethri kunoma iyiphi isofthiwe elaphayo, futhi baqinisekise ngesilinganiso sangempela phakathi nesikhathi esinengqondo. Phatha kalula i-Joule yokukala i-Joule iwusizo kakhulu uma ulinganisela isikhathi samandla ebhethri, ngoba umsebenzi ngamunye uzodla inani elithile lamandla. Singasebenzisa futhi i-Joule / Send Bit ukuze siqhathanise ukusebenza kwamadivayisi.

Kodwa onjiniyela abavamile ukusebenzisa amaJoule ngoba kufanele bawabale. Sebenzisa i-Keysight14585A ukuze ulawule futhi ubolise isofthiwe, ungakwazi ukukala amandla amayunithi e-Jouo. Isibonelo, ungakwazi ukukala ukuthi mangakanani amandla okufanele adluliselwe kuphakethe ledatha elithathwe ezilinganisweni zokucupha?.

Le nzuzo ivela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-digitizers amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa esampula i-voltage kanye neyamanje ukuze kuzuzwe isilinganiso samandla sephuzu nephuzu. Ama-joules angafundwa kalula njengenani phakathi kwekhesa, umklami angasho nakakhulu i-Joule / emission bit. .

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