New energy car all the way rushing power lithium battery recycling back leg?

2022/04/08

Umbhali :Iflowpower -Umhlinzeki Wesiteshi Samandla Esiphathekayo

imboni yezimoto yezwe lami ithathe isilinganiso kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950, kwathi ngo-2016, bekunezimoto ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-28 ngo-2016. Unyaka wokuqala wonyaka wokuqala emhlabeni, isamba esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulunyaka; imoto entsha yezwe lami yamandla Ngonyaka wokuqala wezi-2008, manje isitholakala phambili emakethe. Phakathi neminyaka eyi-10, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kungachazwa njengokubukhali, hhayi kuphela ekuthengisweni kokukhuphuka kweziqhumane, kodwa ukuhlelwa kwezinkampani ezengeziwe, amazinga kazwelonke nawo anamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu "kuzwe lami Lokukhiqiza i-2025" kanye "noMama noLode." I-Time Plan for Automotive Industry "("Plan"), imoto entsha yamandla isendaweni ebaluleke kakhulu, kuhlanganise "nokuhlela", ngo-2020, izimoto ezintsha zamandla sezifinyelele ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa konyaka kwezigidi ezingu-2.

Isimo esisha sokuthuthukiswa kwemoto yamandla sihle, kodwa uma simi embonweni wentuthuko esimeme, isixhumanisi esinamandla sokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion ochungechungeni lwezimboni ngeke sigcine ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla asetshenziswa eminyakeni engu-5-8, ibhethri lemoto yokuqala entsha yamandla emakethe yasekuqaleni seliqalile ukungena esikhathini sokumiswa, futhi umzuliswano wokuqala wamandla anamandla webhethri ye-lithium-ion uzofika kungakapheli unyaka owodwa noma emibili, ngokusho ezweni lami I-Automotive Technology Research Centre ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2020, amandla emoto kagesi wezwe lami i-lithium-ion ivolumu ye-scrap izofinyelela ku-120,000 kuya ku-170,000 amathani. Njengamanje, izwe lami lisesimweni sebhethri ye-lithium-ion entsha yemoto yamandla yaseShayina, kodwa noma ngabe iwukwazi noma inqubomgomo kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe.

Kulezi zinsuku, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla ezwe lami kuya phambili, kodwa akukho nqubekelaphambili ekusetshenzisweni kabusha nasekusetshenzisweni kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo. Ukusungulwa kwesistimu yokubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion kuseduze "ibhethri yenkinobho encane, engangcolisa amanzi angama-cubic metres angu-600, okulingana namanzi okuphuza omuntu; ibhethri elilodwa libolile emhlabathini, lingenza isikwele esingu-1. imitha Umhlaba olahlekelwe ukusetshenziswa kwevelu . "Lena ipharamitha ezikhangisweni zesevisi yomphakathi.

Inombolo iyashaqisa, kodwa ayilona i-alamu. Amabhethri anhlobonhlobo, kodwa wonke amabhethri aqukethe into eyodwa noma ngaphezulu eyingozi, njengezinto ezibonakalayo zebhethri ye-lithium-ion, ukwelashwa okungafanele kwezinsimbi ezisindayo, nama-electrolyte nawo anamandla okugqwala nobuthi, othambekele kumakhemikhali anobuthi. igesi. Kusukela ngo-2009, imoto yokuqala entsha yamandla emakethe yokusetshenziswa kwangasese ngo-2010, kusukela ngo-2016, isiqinisekiso semoto entsha yezwe lami safinyelela ku-1 million.

Ngokobuchwepheshe obukhona bebhethri ye-lithium-ion obukhona, imoto yokuqala entsha yamandla engena emakethe isizobhekana nenkinga enamandla yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Futhi ukugqugquzelwa kwemoto yamandla entsha kuhamba emgwaqeni osheshayo ngo-2015, ngokusho kokusetshenziswa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla iminyaka emi-5 kuye kweyi-8, ngo-2020 kuzoba nebhethri elikhulu le-lithium-ion elizothatha umhlalaphansi, "hhayi imvula" ayiningi, amandla Ukusungulwa kwesistimu yokubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion sekuseduze. Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri le-lithium-ion okuguquguqukayo ekubuyiseni ibhethri le-lithium ion akukhona nje ukucindezelwa kwendawo okuzungezile, kodwa futhi ngenjongo yokunciphisa izindleko.

Emakethe yamanje yebhethri ye-lithium-ion entsha yamandla emoto, kusetshenziswa ibhethri le-ion elinezinhlangothi ezintathu kanye nebhethri ye-ion ye-lithium iron phosphate ion kusetshenziswa kakhulu, kanti ibhethri le-ion elinezinhlangothi ezintathu lisetshenziswa kabanzi yimoto yomgibeli yamandla ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo. ukuminyana kwamandla. Izinto ezibalulekile ebhethrini ye-ion enezinhlangothi ezintathu, izinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-cobalt, i-nickel, nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo zilinganiselwe kakhulu emithonjeni yamaminerali yezwe lami. Ngokukhula okusheshayo embonini yezimoto zamandla amasha, isidingo sezinsimbi ezinzima njenge-cobalt ne-nickel silokhu sikhuphuka, isilinganiso sokungenisa kanye nentengo nakho kuphezulu emanzini, ngakho-ke ibhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla odoti isiphenduke isitoko esingaba khona. yemakethe yempahla yebhethri.

Ngokuvamile, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla ifinyelela isikhathi sokuyeka ukusebenza, namanje i-70% -80% yomthamo ingasetshenziswa. Uma ukubuyiswa kwezinsiza kutholwa ngokuqondile, kuzodala imfucuza enkulu, ngokuqaqa ibhethri ye-lithium ion yamandla ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwemoto. Futhi ukusetshenziswa okuhlukanisiwe kwesibili, qaphela amandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion isinyathelo sokugaywa kabusha, kungafinyelela ku-30-60% wamandla webhethri ye-lithium ion ukunciphisa inhloso.

Ngenxa yentuthuko yezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla, uhulumeni kanye neminyango ehlobene nayo iye yaqaphela ukubaluleka kwazo ekubuyiseni amandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Kusukela ngo-2006 uMnyango Wezobuchwepheshe, uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo woMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, izinhlinzeko ze-"Car Product Recycling Technology Policy", kuyacaca ukuthi imoto kagesi (kuhlanganise nezimoto ezixubile), njll.) izinkampani ezikhiqizayo kufanele zibe nesibopho sokugaywa kabusha, ukuphatha ibhethri lezimoto zikagesi ezithengiswayo; Idinga udoti oyingozi njengamabhethri kadoti ukuze kube nezinkampani eziqeqeshiwe.

Ukwengeza, izwe lami lethule inani lemibhalo yenqubomgomo njengokuthi "inqubomgomo yobuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri yesitoreji samandla emoto kagesi (2015)", "Izimo Ezijwayelekile Zokusebenzisa Ibhethri Lemoto Yemoto Entsha Yamandla Kagesi" . ngenxa yokucaciswa okufanelekile kobuchwepheshe, inqubomgomo Iningi lazo izinqubomgomo ze-inductive, ukuntuleka kwezindlela zokujezisa zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, akuphoqelekile, ngakho-ke lokhu kwenza izinqubomgomo zingakwazi ngempela ukuhlala kuzinqubo ezithile. Ngokuphathelene namandla okubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, ukudilizwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesitebhisi, ngenxa yezinhlobo eziningi zebhethri, kunzima ukuhlola, futhi inqubo yokubuyisela ubuchwepheshe bebhethri yemfucuza iyinkimbinkimbi.

Inqubo yinde, futhi izinkampani eziningi azinawo amabhethri kabusha. Amakhono ahlobene okusebenza nawokusebenza ahlobene, azikho izinto zobuchwepheshe ezisebenzayo zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri elivuthiwe; ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bokuncibilikisa okumanzi kanye nokudilizwa okwenziwa ngesandla, ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuvikela imvelo kanye nezindaba zokuphepha ezibangelwa ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nendlela izinga lensalela yebhethri elahlulelwa ngayo ukuthi ibhethri lisesitebhisini. noma ukungena kokudiliza, ayikho indlela elula nephumelelayo; emkhakheni wokucubungula kabusha imboni encane yobuchwepheshe obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezimboni zezimoto nebhethri, ngakho-ke ukuvuselelwa kwebhethri ye-Dynamic lithium-ion akuzange kusungulwe uhlelo lomsindo, futhi imigwaqo yezimboni inzima kakhulu. Nakuba inkinga yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo inganqunywanga, njengoba ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yezwe lami enikwe amandla isiqalile ukungena enkathini ephakeme yokululama, imakethe yangaphambilini ayivuthiwe, futhi umthombo wokunikezwa kwama-SME uyinkinga.

Ngokwezibalo, angaphansi kwamathani angu-10,000 amabhethri e-lithium-ion amandla kumkhuba wokudiliza ukuvuselela kabusha ngo-2016, ngaphezu kwe-80% yamabhethri alahliwe asabambekile ezinkampanini zezimoto. Ngokusho kwemboni, lokhu kungenxa yemithetho yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinkinga zezomnotho ezihambisanayo zebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla kanye nezinkinga zezomnotho ezihambisanayo azikaxazululwa. Imakethe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla engaba namandla amakhulu ngaphambi kokuhlelwa kusengaphambili Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, imakethe yesikhathi esizayo yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion inamandla amakhulu, izoba ukwanda kwezimakethe ezikhulayo.

Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, inani lezimakethe ezigaywe kabusha ezenziwe ngensimbi evela ku-cobalt, i-nickel, i-manganese, i-lithium, i-iron ne-aluminium, ne-aluminium, kusukela ebhethri ye-lithium-ion yemfucuza izodlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.3 ngo-2018. Ngaphezu kwe-yuan eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10. ngo-2020, 2023 Imfucuza yonyaka yemakethe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion izofinyelela ku-25 billion yuan.

Yize le makethe esafufusa ingakavuthwa, isivele yawantshontsha amathuba ebhizinisi enkampani. Mayelana nokubuyiswa kwebhethri le-lithium-ion okuguquguqukayo, izinkampani zezimoto zamandla amasha kanye nezinkampani ezikhiqiza ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ezinamandla zinesibopho sokungaboleki, futhi ezinye izinkampani zezimoto zamandla amasha, abakhiqizi bebhethri ye-lithium-ion baqinisa izinkundla zokugaywa kabusha kwesakhiwo. I-Beiqi amandla amasha anomugqa wokubonisa ekubuyiseleni ibhethri ye-lithium ion ashukumisayo ye-lithium-ion; I-BYD ibuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo ngokugunyaza umthengisi; I-Ningde Times inesistimu yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla, kanye ne-Yutong, i-SAIC, i-Beiqi, i-Geely nezinye izinkampani zezimoto ukuze zisebenzisane; I-Guoxuan high-tech isungula ukuhlakazwa kabusha kwensiza yebhethri emugqeni wokuhlola; uHlelo Lokushintsha Isayensi Nobuchwepheshe luzokwakhiwa, luthuthukise uhlelo lukazwelonke lokuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi yamaketango ukuze lufake ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwamabhethri angcolile kanye nesitebhisi; Isiteshi samandla ebhethri ye-phosphate ion ye-Watma sakhiwa ngo-2012 ukuze sihlole ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion; I-Shangwei Group ibambisane nezikhungo zocwaningo namakolishi namanyuvesi ukuze isebenzisane nezikhungo zocwaningo futhi ihlanganyele namabhethri e-lithium-ion; I-China Aviation lithium ugesi Ibhethri ye-lithium ion nayo ihlolwa ngokusungula ulayini wokubonisa wamandla we-lithium ion wokutholwa kwebhethri.

Yize inkampani ekhiqiza amabhethri e-lithium-ion enamandla kanye nezinkampani zezimoto zamandla amasha zikhishiwe emakethe yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, ezinye izinkampani zithambekele kakhulu ekuphatheni amabhethri e-lithium-ion avela eceleni ngenxa yokuntuleka ubuchwepheshe nolwazi oluhlobene. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani eziningi ezisebenzayo zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion zingabonakala emakethe. Isibonelo, i-Bangu Group isungule umjikelezo webhethri, umjikelezo wenkampani yenethiwekhi kanye nesevisi eyindilinga, izigaba ezintathu ezinkulu zezimboni, futhi itshale izigidi ezingu-1226 zamayuan kumathani ayi-10,000 wephrojekthi yokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwensiza yebhethri eyindilinga; I-Sander Group iphinde ihlele ukutshala i-yuan eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1 zokwakha Amabhethri emfucuza kanye nokukhiqizwa kukadoti amathani angu-100,000, ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamathani angu-30,000 we-nickel-manganese / nickel-methyl aluminium eyandulela impahla yamadola amathathu, inani elilinganiselwe noma elingaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu; Inkampani Greenmeal Co.

, Ltd. yakhe ibhethri elikhulu kunawo wonke e-China Ukuphatha umugqa wokukhiqiza ngezinto zebhethri ezilahliwe; kanye ne-Hao Peng International Group kanye ne-Beiqi New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd.

isungulwe ngokuhlanganyela i-Zhangzhou Hao Peng Technology Co., Ltd. ukuze ibambe iqhaza ekugayweni kabusha nokucutshungulwa kwebhethri lemfucuza.

kumodi yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ion yamandla Ngokokuhlola, ezinye izinkampani zenze umzamo oyimpumelelo, njenge-BMW ne-Bangu Group kanye ne-Ningde Times zimele izinkampani zezimoto, amaqembu ashukumisayo okugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, kanye namandla abakhiqizi bebhethri ye-lithium-ion, I-BMW izobuyisa amandla Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion inikezwa i-Bangp, i-Bangpu iqhuba ukudilizwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kabusha, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakalayo zizonikezwa i-Ningde Times ukukhiqiza amandla amasha amabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ekugcineni, ibhethri entsha ye-lithium-ion yamandla ishintshwa ibuyele ku-BMW, ​​ukwakheka okuphelele kwe-loop evaliwe, uMongameli, uMongameli, uMongameli, wethule ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokululama kwemodi evaliwe ye-loop kungafinyelela ku-98.5%.

Imakethe entsha yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla emoto yamandla iyikhekhe elikhulu, ochwepheshe nezifundiswa nabo bakuntuthuko enempilo yalo mkhakha. Unjiniyela othuthukisiwe we-Automotive Technology Research Center Automobile Standardization Research Institute uthe uhlelo oluguquguqukayo lwe-lithium-ion yokubuyisela ibhethri kanye nomfelandawonye wezimboni, imboni efanelekile iyasiza ekwakheni ukusebenza kahle kwesikali, kanye nokwakhiwa komphumela wesikali kuyindima ebalulekile kulesi sikhathi samanje. iphuzu lokuphuka kwebhethri le-lithium-ion elinamandla. U-Zhang Tian, ​​uSihlalo we-Tianneng Group, ukuqinisa ukumiswa kwesakhiwo sebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla, ubuchwepheshe benqubo, ukufakwa okuhlanganisiwe, njll.

Ubulili nokunemba. "Kudingeka futhi kuthuthukiswe amandla okubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion nokusebenzisa kabusha imithetho yokuqaliswa kokugqugquzela, kusungulwe indlela yokujezisa okungahleliwe. Uma ujezisa inkampani eyehluleka ukwenza isibopho sokugaywa kabusha, inkampani egaywa kabusha neyokusebenzisa kabusha ithola uxhaso noma intela ngokuhambisana namasethi ebhethri, umthamo, njll.

, khuthaza abashayeli bezindiza bokusungula imodeli yebhizinisi kanye nezicelo zokuphromotha, njll. Kusho uZhang Tian. U-Wang Fang, umqondisi welabhorethri yamandla entsha ye-Automotive Technology Research Center Test Research Institute yezwe lami, ukholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo kufaka phakathi uhlelo lokuqapha ukusebenza kwebhethri okuphelele, kanye nokumiswa kanye nesikali samamojula webhethri.

Isistimu yokuqapha ukusebenza kwebhethri, ukwenza idizayini iyonke yesistimu yokubhala ikhodi yebhethri, kusetshenziswa iqoqo lonyaka kanye nokuqapha okunembile kwemingcele yenkomba yesiteji. Ukumiswa kanye nesikali samamojula webhethri kuyasetshenziswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kucatshangelwa ukuguquguquka kwesicelo semoto, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, cabangela ukunethezeka kwesiza sokusebenzisa iladi, ukuze kuzuzwe inhlanganisela engcono. Isifinyezo: Nakuba izimoto zangaphandle zamandla amasha zingathuthukanga ngokushesha, izwe lami lisungule uhlelo oluthuthuke kakhulu lokugaywa kabusha, i-Japan, i-United States, kanye ne-Europe ekuthuthukisweni kokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, kanye nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa okuhlobene.

I-empirical ehlobene iyakufanelekela. izwe lami lidale amathuba amasha ezinkampanini eziningi kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo azayo, kodwa ingcindezi nayo ayikaze ibe khona ngaphambili. Amandla okubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion akuwona umthwalo, kodwa ukuba imoto, umenzi webhethri we-lithium-ion wamandla.

Futhi iphathi yamandla e-lithium-ion yokuvuselela ibhethri isebenza ndawonye. .

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