Ikilasi le-DC evamile elawulwayo kagesi kanye nendlela ekhethwa ngayo

著者：Iflowpower – Mofani oa Seteishene sa Motlakase se nkehang

Intuthuko yomphakathi wesintu ayinakuhlukaniswa nayo yonke imikhakha yempilo, futhi ukubuyekezwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-elekthronikhi ngeke kuyivule imizamo yomklami wethu. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi ngeke bakuqonde ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo kagesi, njenge-DC. Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa. Ngokohlobo lokunikezwa kwamandla okuphumayo, kukhona ugesi we-DC voltage regulator kanye nogesi wesilawuli se-AC. Ngokwendlela yokuxhuma yesekethe yesilawuli kanye nomthwalo we-DC olawulwayo kagesi, ingahlukaniswa ngochungechunge lwamandla okugxilisa kanye nokuphakelwa kwamandla okuhambisanayo.

Ngokwesimo sokusebenza seshubhu yokulungisa, kukhona ukulungiswa okuqondile kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokushintsha ukulungisa ukunikezwa kwamandla. Ngokusho kohlobo lwesekethe, kukhona ugesi olula olawulwa yi-voltage kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okulawula impendulo, njll. Izindlela ezinjalo zokuhlukanisa ngokuvamile zenza abaqalayo bazizwe bedidekile futhi bafune ukwazi ukuthi bazoqala kuphi.

Eqinisweni, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuhlukanisa ezibonakala zihlukahlukene zinokuhlobana okuthile, inqobo nje uma lokhu kuhlobana kucaciswa, uhlobo lokunikezwa kwamandla lungasatshalaliswa ngokwemvelo. Njengoba sikhuluma ngezigaba zamandla alawulwayo, kufanele siqale siqonde ukuthi okukhiphayo amandla okukhipha i-DC noma ugesi oshintshanayo. Ngale ndlela, ungqimba lokuqala lwaphuma.

Okokuqala, kufanele uhlukanise ngokusho kohlobo lokuphumayo kokunikezwa kwamandla. Isigaba esilandelayo sinzima kakhulu. Ingabe ihlukaniswa ngokwesimo sokusebenza sesifunda somlawuli kanye nendlela yokuxhuma umthwalo noma isilungisi? Eqinisweni, uma uqonda idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi eseduze nathi, kuzoba nokuhluka okubili ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kokunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zamandla alawulwayo alayini, asetshenziswa kabanzi kumishini kagesi ehlukahlukene elula, njengemisakazo, izipikha ezincane, njll.; eyodwa isetshenziswa kabanzi kumishini kagesi eyinkimbinkimbi ehlukahlukene, njengezikrini ezinkulu Umbala we-TV, i-microcomputer, njll. Ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinga lesibili ngokusho kwesimo sokusebenza se-tube yokulungisa.

Isigaba sesithathu esilandelayo sekilasi sihlukaniswa ngokusho kwesifunda somlawuli kanye nemodi yokuxhuma umthwalo. Njengoba izici zezinhlobonhlobo zamasekhethi ahlukene zinkulu kakhulu, ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu akulula ukujwayelekile, futhi kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngokwezimpawu zesigaba ngasinye. I-DC voltage regulator power supply ingahlukaniswa ibe yizinto zamandla zamakhemikhali, amandla azinzile kanye nohlobo lwamandla oluzinzile, olunezinhlobo ezahlukene: amandla amakhemikhali esivame ukusebenzisa amabhethri omile, amabhethri e-lead-acid, i-nickel-cadmium, i-nickel-hydrogen, i-lithium ions Ibhethri ingeyalokhu, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo.

Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amabhethri ahlakaniphile akhiqiziwe. Mayelana nezinto zebhethri ezingashajwa kabusha, abathuthukisi base-US bathole iodide ye-manganese, i-manganese okufanele isetshenziswe ngesikhathi esishibhile, esihlangene, sokukhipha kanye nokugcina ukusebenza ngemva kokushaja okuningi. Ibhethri elishajekayo elivumela imvelo.

Isici esisodwa esivamile sokuphakelwa kwamandla olayini okulawulwayo okulayini okulawulwayo yishubhu yesilawuli sedivayisi yamandla endaweni ewumugqa, sincike ekwehleni kwengcindezi phakathi kweshubhu yesilawuli ukuze kusimamise okukhiphayo. Njengoba ukulahlekelwa kwe-electrostatic kweshubhu yokulungisa kukhulu, kuyadingeka ukufaka usinki omkhulu wokushisa ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-transformer isebenza ku-frequency yamandla (50 Hz), isisindo sikhulu kakhulu.

Izinzuzo zalokhu kunikezwa kwamandla ukuzinza okuphezulu, i-ripple encane, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, kulula ukwenza amashaneli amaningi, kanye nokuphumayo okuqhubekayo. Ububi ukuthi inkulu, inzima futhi ukusebenza kahle kuphansi. Lokhu kunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile kunezinhlobo eziningi.

Kusukela emvelweni ophumayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe ugesi olawulwayo kanye nendawo yamanje kagesi engashintshi, kanye nokusimama kwamandla kagesi kanye nogesi ongashintshi (okabili) ohlanganiswe nokuzinza kwe-voltage kanye nokugeleza kwesimo esiqinile. Ngokwevelu yokuphumayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe amandla aphumayo wephoyinti elingaguquki, ukulungiswa kwe-band switch kanye nohlobo lokulungiswa oluqhubekayo lwe-potentiometer. Kusukela emiyalweni yokuphumayo ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwenkomba yesikhombi kanye nohlobo lokubonisa lwedijithali, njll.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi okulawula amandla kagesi e-DC okushintshashintshayo kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi ozinzile okuhlukile kuhlukene kagesi ozinzile ukushintsha uhlobo lwamandla okuzinza kwe-DC. Uhlobo lwayo lwesekethe lubalulekile okuhlanganisa ukundiza okuphelayo, i-single-end, i-half-bridge, push-pull kanye nebhuloho eligcwele. Umehluko obalulekile phakathi komugqa wokuphakelwa kwamandla ukuthi isiguquli saso singasebenzi kumaza okusebenza, kodwa sisebenza kumashumi ambalwa e-kilohertz kuya kuma-megabottome amaningana.

Ishubhu yokusebenza ayisebenzi endaweni yokugcwala nendawo yokunqamuka (okungukuthi, isimo sokushintsha); ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintshwa kuqanjwe. Inzuzo yokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi incane, isisindo esincane, izinzile futhi inokwethenjelwa; okubi ukuthi i-ripple inkulu kunomugqa wamandla (ngokuvamile u-≤1% Vo (PP), i-ripple enhle ingase yeqe u-10mV (PP) noma ngaphansi). Ibanga layo lamandla lingasuka kumawathi ambalwa ukuya ezinkulungwaneni zamathayela.

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