Power lithium-ion battery recycled hard core technology!

2022/04/08

Mawallafi: Iflowpower -Mai Bayar da Tashar Wutar Lantarki

Dalilin da ya sa aka dawo da batirin lithium-ion mai wuta, ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar sassa biyu: Na farko, kare muhalli, na biyu kuma shine tattalin arziki. Akwai abubuwa masu cutarwa iri-iri a cikin baturin, wanda zai watsar da tasirin muhalli. Yawancin batirin da suka yi ritaya za su kawo barazana ga mahalli, musamman ma'adanai masu nauyi, electrolytes, kaushi, da nau'ikan contranes na kwayoyin halitta daban-daban a cikin batirin lithium-ion mai kuzari.

Idan ba a zubar da su da kyau ba, zai haifar da babbar illa ga ƙasa, ruwa, da dai sauransu. Tsarin gyaran yana da tsawo, farashi yana da yawa, don haka buƙatun sake yin amfani da su yana da marmarin. Abubuwan da yawanci ke ƙunshe a cikin baturin lithium-ion sun dogara ne akan nau'in 2011 na jerin bayanan abubuwan haɗari na Amurka, Ni, CO, da phosplastighets, waɗanda ake ɗaukar abubuwa masu haɗari.

Idan an dauki maganin sharar gida (ciki har da filaye, ƙonawa, takin gargajiya, da dai sauransu), cobalt, nickel, lithium, manganese da sauran karafa da inorganic, mahadi na kwayoyin za su haifar da mummunar gurɓata yanayi, ruwa da ƙasa suna da babban lahani. Idan abun da ke cikin batir lithium ion sharar gida ya shiga cikin ilimin halitta, zai iya haifar da nickel mai nauyi, gurɓataccen cobalt (ciki har da arsenic), fluorofluid, gurɓataccen yanayi, ƙura da gurɓataccen tushen acid.

Electrolytes na batir lithium ion sharar gida da samfuran canjin su kamar LiPF6, LiASF6, LiCF3SO3, HF, P2O5, da dai sauransu, abubuwan kaushi da bincike da hydrolyzate, irin su DME, methanol, formic acid, da dai sauransu, abubuwa ne masu guba da cutarwa. na iya haifar da rauni na mutum, har ma da mutuwa.

Ƙimar tattalin arziƙi na dawo da kayan baturi ita ce ƙimar sabunta kayan abu da sake hako darajar makamashi. Wannan ya haɗa da abubuwa guda uku: 1, bayan yin ritaya a kan manyan na'urorin lantarki, har yanzu yana iya biyan bukatun wasu ƙananan kayan lantarki, yawanci kayan wasan yara na lantarki, wuraren ajiyar makamashi, da sauransu, bayan sake yin amfani da su, amfani da tsani Baturi mafi daraja, musamman don yin ritayar batura masu ƙarfi na lithium-ion; 2, ko da lantarki kaddarorin iya saduwa zurfin amfani, da dangi rare karafa kamar Li, CO, Cu, da dai sauransu.

, har yanzu ana sabunta su; 3, saboda sashi Akwai babban bambanci a cikin rage ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe da ƙarfin sake haɓaka ƙarfe, kamar Al, Ni, Fe, wanda ke haifar da ƙimar tattalin arziƙin ƙarfe na dawo da ƙarfe. Nau'o'in batirin lithium-ion daban-daban sun ƙunshi nau'ikan karafa daban-daban da ma'auni, ton 1 na batir ion na al'ada na amfani da cobalt mai ƙunshe da kusan kilogiram 170 na ƙarfe na cobalt, kuma dangane da jan karfe, aluminum, lithium, galibi kama. Don haka, ƙimar dawo da batirin lithium-cobalt-lithium-ion gaba ɗaya zai fi sauran nau'ikan, kamar batirin lithium phosphate ion baturi da ternary lithium ion baturi.

Baturin ya fi kashi 36 cikin 100 na farashin batirin lithium-ion. A cikin tantanin halitta, farashin ingantaccen kayan lantarki mai wadata a cikin nickel-cobalt manganese shine 45%. A halin yanzu, tsarin sake amfani da albarkatun ya ƙunshi matakai biyu na ƙudurin da aka rigaya da kuma warwarewar gaba.

Gabatar fitar da sharar batirin lithium ion a cikin saline, cire marufi na waje na baturin, cire harsashi na karfe don samun baturi. Baturin ya ƙunshi gurɓataccen lantarki, tabbataccen lantarki, diaphragm, da electrolyte. Wutar lantarki mara kyau tana manne da saman murfin tagulla, ingantaccen lantarki yana haɗe zuwa saman bangon aluminum, diaphragm shine polymer na halitta; electrolyte an haɗe shi zuwa saman tabbatacce, mummunan lantarki, maganin organcarbonate na LiPF6.

Maganin da ke gaba yana sake yin fa'ida don abubuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin nau'ikan sharar gida daban-daban bayan tarwatsawa, aiwatar da gyare-gyaren kayan baturi ko gyare-gyare, ana iya raba matakan fasaha zuwa sassa uku: fasahar sake amfani da bushewa, fasahar dawo da rigar da fasahar dawo da halittu. Fasahar sake amfani da busasshiyar tana nufin matsakaicin da ba ya samar da mafita kamar mafita, da kuma tsarin fasahar da ba a dawo da shi ba ga nau'ikan kayan baturi ko karafa masu inganci. Wajibi ne a haɗa da rabuwa na inji da kuma maganin zafi mai zafi.

Busassun fasahar gyare-gyaren thermal na iya yin babban zafin jiki da kuma gyare-gyaren thermal na ɗanyen samfuran da aka samu ta hanyar busassun dawo da su, amma fitarwa, abu mara kyau na electrode yana ƙunshe da wani ƙazanta, kuma aikin ba zai iya biyan buƙatun sabon ƙarfin abin hawa na batir lithium-ion makamashi ba, galibi don makamashi. ajiya ko ƙarami Power lithium-ion baturi da sauran wuraren da suka dace da baturin baƙin ƙarfe na lithium. Wuta mmethurgical, wanda kuma aka sani da hanyar ƙonawa ko bushewar ƙarfe, shine mai ɗaure kwayoyin halitta a cikin kayan lantarki ta hanyar ƙonawa mai zafi, yayin da ƙarfen da fili ɗinsa ke yin redox dauki don dawo da matsakaicin matsakaicin tafasa a cikin tari. Its fili, da karfe a cikin slag da ake amfani da su warke, pyrolysis, Magnetic madadin ko sinadaran hanyoyin, da dai sauransu.

Wuta Metallurgical bukatar ba high aka gyara na albarkatun kasa, dace da manyan-sikelin warware mafi hadaddun batura, amma konewa dole ne a sami wasu shaye gas gurbatawa yanayi, da kuma high zafin jiki mafita ne kuma high, da kuma sabon tsarkakewa sake amfani da kayan Jira, da mafita ne mafi girma. . Rigar dawo da dabaru ne metastasis, da kuma canja wurin karfe ions daga electrode kayan zuwa leaching matsakaici, sa'an nan ta ion musayar, hazo, adsorption, da dai sauransu hakar a cikin bayani, shi wajibi ne don hada uku hanyoyin kamar rigar karfe, sinadaran hakar da kuma. ion musayar.

Fasahar dawo da rigar ta kasance mafi rikitarwa, amma fasahar tana da babban adadin dawo da lithium, cobalt, nickel, da gishirin ƙarfe da aka samu, oxide da sauran samfuran, babban tsafta na iya cimma ƙarfin sarrafa batirin lithium ion baturi. Abubuwan buƙatu masu inganci, waɗanda suka dace da batura masu ƙarfi, kuma hanya ce ta sake amfani da ita ga manyan kamfanonin sake yin amfani da su a gida da waje. Ana amfani da dabarun dawo da ilimin halitta tam ta hanyar leaching na ƙwayoyin cuta, suna canza abubuwan da ke da amfani na tsarin zuwa fili mai narkewa da zaɓin narkar da su, cimma maƙasudin abin da ake nufi da rabuwar ƙazanta, a ƙarshe ana dawo da lithium, cobalt, nickel, da sauransu.

A halin yanzu, fasahar dawo da kwayoyin halitta ba ta girma ba, kamar noman nau'ikan nau'ikan inganci, yanayin al'ada ya yi tsayi da yawa, kuma ana ci gaba da kula da yanayin leaching. Canjin farfadowa na yanzu kuma shine tsarin sake amfani da rigar balagagge yana ƙara zama babbar hanyar fasaha ta mafita ta musamman; Greenmei, Bangu Group da sauran manyan kamfanoni na kasa da kasa, yawancin manyan kamfanoni na kasa da kasa, yawancinsu suna amfani da fasahar rigar. Hanya azaman dabara mai tsauri don sake yin amfani da albarkatun ƙarfe masu dacewa kamar lithium, cobalt, nickel.

Ana sake samar da fasahar rigar ta hanyar kayan cathode bayan farashin dawo da karfe, kuma mahimmin mahimmin aikin ƙarfin ƙarfin ya fi ingantaccen kayan lantarki da aka samu bayan gyaran fasahar bushewa. Na baturi na yuan uku, idan aka kwatanta da lithium iron phosphate, rayuwar batir dinsa gajeru ce, kuma tsawon rayuwar batirin 80% na batirin abu na ternary sau 800-2000 ne kawai, kuma akwai wani hadarin aminci. Bai dace da tashoshin wutar lantarki ba.

Tashar tashar sadarwa tana tanadin samar da wutar lantarki, da sauransu. yi amfani da hadadden tsani amfani. Duk da haka, tun da baturin lithium ion mai girma uku na ƙarfe ne da ba kasafai ba irin su nickel-cobalt manganese, wani abu da aka fitar wanda lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, jan karfe, aluminum, graphite, diaphragm, da sauran kayan za a iya samu ta hanyar ƙarfafawa.

Samun kudin shiga na tattalin arziki, tare da yuwuwar tattalin arziki. Dauki batir mai nauyin Yuan 523 na yuan uku a matsayin misali, sinadarin nickel, cobalt, manganese da lithium da ke cikin kowace ton na cobalt, kuma adadin dawo da daidaiton nickel, cobalt da manganese a kasuwa na iya kaiwa sama da kashi 95%. Lithium dawo da kusan 70%, karfe lithium, cobalt, electrolyte nickel da electrolytic manganese kasuwar farashin ne 900,000 yuan / ton, 600,000 yuan / ton, 100,000 yuan / ton da 12,000 yuan / ton.

Tasirin batirin lithium ion mai ƙarfi na dawo da ƙarfe sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, da dai sauransu. Ɗaukar sarrafa sarrafa nickel sulfate a matsayin misali, farashin magance farashin nickel a kowace ton bai wuce yuan 40,000 ba ta hanyar batir lithium ion mai sharar gida. kuma kudin da ake kashewa wajen sarrafa ma'adinan nickel ya haura yuan 60,000. Ta hanyar dawo da albarkatu, farashin samun albarkatun ƙarfe ya fi ƙasa da farashin haɓakar ma'adinai, kuma dawo da albarkatun batir na ternary yana da ma'anar farashi.

Bisa la'akari da cewa kamfanin sake sarrafa batir na yuan uku yana sake sayar da sulfate bayan ya lalata karafa mai daraja, farashin tallace-tallace ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da farashin kasuwa na nau'in ƙarfe mai tsafta, don haka ana zaton ana sayar da shi akan kashi 70%, sannan baturi na uku. Rushewar kudaden shiga ya kai yuan 34,000 / ton, don haka ana sa ran adadin batirin yuan yuan uku kacal a shekarar 2023 zai kai yuan biliyan 5,41. Dangane da kudaden farashi, farashin sake yin amfani da batir na yuan uku ya dogara ne akan farashin sarrafawa, kudade daban-daban da haraji.

Daga cikin su, kundin tsarin mulki na farashin sarrafawa shine: farashin kayan (batir sharar gida, nitrogen mai ruwa, ruwa, reagent tushe acid, extractant, precipitant, da dai sauransu); kudin man fetur da wutar lantarki (makamashi na lantarki, iskar gas, yawan man fetur, da dai sauransu) 650 Yuan / ton; Kudin gudanar da muhalli (hatsarin iskar gas, tsabtace ruwa, ragowar sharar gida, maganin toka) yuan / ton 550; kudin kayan aiki (kudin kula da kayan aiki, farashin ragi) 500 yuan / ton; kudin aiki (aiki, fasaha, ma'aikatan sufuri da sauran albashi) 400 yuan / ton.

Rarraba farashin gudanarwa da ma'aikatan tallace-tallace, marufi, da sauransu. Sannan farashin rushewar baturin yuan uku ya kai yuan 26,500 / ton. Dangane da kudaden shiga da ke sama, tunawa da ribar shawarar ita ce yuan 7,500 / ton, kuma sararin ribar zai wuce yuan biliyan 1 a shekarar 2023.

Ta hanyar dawo da albarkatun kasa, abubuwa masu ƙarfe irin su nickel-cobalt manganese na iya samun fiye da 95% farfadowa, wanda ke da mahimmanci. Ta hanyar dawo da albarkatu, ana iya sarrafa sinadarin nickel, cobalt, manganese da gishirin lithium, har ma da kara fitar da wani abu mai inganci mai girman nau'i uku da mafari, kuma alkalami madaidaiciya ne don kera kwayoyin batir lithium ion, kuma yana da ma'ana mai mahimmanci. gina sarkar rufe madauki. Lithium phosphate ion baturi: Tsani yana amfani da babbar dama ta kasuwanni biliyan 10.

Domin batirin lithium-phosphate ion baturi, amfanin da ake amfani da shi na batirin ion fosfat ɗin da aka fi samun jika a yanzu shine yuan 8,500 / ton. A kewaye, kudaden shiga na kayan aikin sabunta ƙarfe mai daraja kusan yuan 8100 ne kawai, don haka asarar rushewar kusan yuan 400 / ton. Don haka, dawo da batir ion baƙin ƙarfe phosphate ba ta hanyar rarrabawa ba.

Tsani yana amfani da ragowar darajar don haɓaka tattalin arziƙin madauwari, yana rage farashin ginin tsarin ajiyar makamashi. Ana amfani da tsarin madauki na amfani da tsani ta batirin lithium ion mai tsauri da aka yanke ta hanyar ganowa, dubawa, sake tsarawa, da dai sauransu, wanda ake amfani da shi don ƙananan motocin lantarki masu saurin gudu, samar da wutar lantarki, da ajiyar makamashin lantarki, da sauransu.

, aikin baturi yana buƙatar ƙananan nau'i. A halin yanzu, nau'in tsani mai tsauri har yanzu yana cikin ajiyar makamashi da kololuwa. Matsakaicin adadin tsani shine na farko shine auna batirin lithium-ion masu ƙarfi da suka yi ritaya.

Ana sa ran batirin lithium-ion mai ƙarfi da aka aika bayan 2014 zai zama daidai da 60% -70%. Sannan ana amfani da shi a cikin rukuni, kuma saitin fakitin batirin lithium ion baturi wanda ake cirewa daga kowace motar lantarki a matsayin naúrar daban, tare da inverter mai matsakaiciyar ƙaramar wutar lantarki, ta samar da na'urar ajiyar makamashi ta asali, ƙarin rukunin asali na makamashi yana hade tare don samar da babban tsarin wutar lantarki na ajiyar makamashi. Na uku shine sarrafa caji da fitarwa.

Aikin "Peak Fill" na yanzu yana dogara ne akan Hasumiyar ƙasa ta a matsayin misali. Yana da game da 8800kWh, ajiyar wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu na hasumiya na ƙarfe, kuma tashar tashar kwarin da ke cike da kololuwa kusan 8800kWh (a halin yanzu gajeriyar rayuwar sabis, ƙarancin ƙarfin kuzari, "Tare da ƙananan farashin, tare da kare muhalli, inganci da sauran buƙatu. , maye gurbin baturin gubar-acid zai zama gibin buƙatu na tushen wuta.

A halin yanzu, fasahar amfani da tsani ta dogara ne akan PACK (fakitin baturi, watau Multi-stage parallel baturi ƙunshi + BMS (tsarin sarrafa batir) shine zaɓi na yau da kullun. Tushensa shine haɗa sel guda ɗaya ta hanyar tsarin injin tare da samar da fakitin baturi.

A lokacin aikin dalla-dalla, saboda matsalar ƙarfin injin, tsarin daidaita tsarin duka fakitin baturi, ya zama dole don haɗa da sarrafa zafi, sarrafawa da gwaji na yanzu, ƙirar haɗaɗɗiyar ƙirar, da haɓakar kama-da-wane na kwamfuta, da sauransu, shine amfani da tsani. tsari. Babban kofa.

Muhimmin aikin tsarin sarrafa baturi na BMS shine kulawa da hankali da kula da kowace naúrar baturi, kuma baturin faɗakarwa yana da fiye da caji da kuma fitar da batir, kuma yana sa ido kan baturi a ainihin lokacin, ta yadda zai yi amfani da rayuwar baturi. BMS tarin tsarin gudanarwa ne, sarrafawa, nuni, sadarwa, da samfuran sayan bayanai. Ya kunna hanyar haɗi don haɗa dukkan abin hawa, baturi da tsarin baturi gaba ɗaya.

Ga masana'antun baturi, BMS yana nuna ainihin ƙwarewar fasaha na masana'anta, kuma BMS yana ƙayyade iyakar amfani, rayuwa da ƙimar sake amfani da baturin gaba ɗaya. Ƙaƙƙarfan tsani ana magana ne kawai a matsayin sake fasalin baturin, kuma an kafa matakan baturin ion phosphate na yanzu, kuma ma'anar ta zama cikakkiyar zagayowar, amfani da matakai da yawa na albarkatun da ake da su: lokacin da abin hawa ya kasance. Yana shiga Bayan lokacin da ake cirewa (ranar sabis na motar gabaɗaya ya fi baturi), za ta fuskanci: (1) Na'urar tantance batir mai inganci: kamfanonin mota, kamfanonin da ke wargaza motocin da kamfanonin sake yin amfani da su za su yi daidai da daidaito a cikin baturi. , In mun gwada da kyakkyawan aiki Ana tace batirin ta hanyar gwaji, rukuni ko baiwa wasu kamfanoni damar ba da fakitin baturi, sannan a siyar da tsani ta amfani da kamfani tare da Hasumiyar ƙasata. (2) Rushewa: Matsayi mara kyau, babu baturi mai amfani da ƙima, kuma yawancinsu za su koma kamfanonin sake yin amfani da su na ɓangare na uku, kuma kamfanin sake yin amfani da su yana amfani da doka ta zahiri ko hanyar rigar don sake haɗawa da sake amfani da, jan karfe, aluminum, Raw kayan aiki. kamar diaphragm tsantsa layi daya tallace-tallace, tabbatacce abu foda na lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate baturi, korau abu foda zai shiga cikin gyara lokaci.

(3) Gyara: Manufar gyara shine don ƙara tsaftace kayan foda na lithium iron phosphate don cimma farashi mafi girma. A lokaci guda, baturi ya yi ritaya bayan tsani kuma za ta sami tsarin disassembly / gyara, kuma ya gane Layer mai girma dabam. A cikin duka tsarin kewayawa, babban kamfanin sake yin amfani da su yana da maki uku na riba, watau (1) siyar da matsayin tantancewar farko, na iya amfani da batirin da ya makale; (2) sayar da albarkatun kasa bayan tarwatsawar; (3) siyar da kayan gyara/mara kyau.

Koyaya, tsani na yanzu yana amfani da abubuwa biyu na fasaha da kasuwanci. Daga ra'ayi na fasaha, saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin baturin lithium ion baturi, rayuwa ta bambanta, bayanan tsarin BMS za su rabu da ainihin halin baturi, don haka kalubale na aminci, ingancin samfurin, da dai sauransu. Daga ra'ayi na kasuwanci, a gefe guda, samfurin yana da ƙananan ƙananan, a gefe guda, saboda samfurin baturi ya bambanta, adadin batir ɗin da za a kasance a cikin rukuni zai zama babba, sa'an nan kuma nunawa, haɗawa, da kuma rarrabawa. Haɓaka farashin samarwa Har yanzu yana da girma, ƙananan kamfanoni masu fasaha ne kawai za su iya samun fa'idodin tattalin arziki.

Duk da haka, an riga an riga an kulla yarjejeniya ta dabarun haɗin gwiwa tare da yawan famfunan masana'antu da na ƙasata Tower da sauran kamfanoni masu amfani da ƙasa. Tare da ci gaba da gabatarwa na ma'auni daban-daban na batura lithium-ion masu ƙarfi, daidaiton baturi zai ƙaru sosai. Dangantakar da ke kusa za ta yi amfani da tsani a nan gaba.

Daga bangarorin tattalin arziki, ta hanyar auna matakan batir ion iron phosphate na lithium. A ce ana amfani da fasahar PACK + BMS don amfani, farashin PACK ya kai yuan 0.3 / WH, farashin BMS shine 0.

1 yuan / WH, farashin dawo da sharar gida phosphate ion farashin dawo da baturi shine 0.05 yuan / WH, lithium baƙin ƙarfe fosfat ion baturi mai amfani farashin jimlar kusan 0.45 yuan / WH, jinkirin mai ciniki shine 0.

6 yuan / WH. Ana kyautata zaton cewa yawan kuzarin batirin lithium iron phosphate ion baturin ya kai 110Wh/kg, kuma karfin karfin batirin da aka kwato ya ragu zuwa kashi 70%, kuma sararin da aka dawo da shi zai wuce yuan biliyan 5 a shekarar 2023. Ko amfani da cascade ne ko tarwatsewa, muna iya ganin sabon teku mai shuɗi.

A nan gaba, sannu a hankali za ta bude, mutanen da suka yi amfani da wannan damar, za a sami riba mai yawa.

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