Problems and challenges in my country's powered lithium-ion battery recycling

　　Author ：Iflowpower – Portable Power Station Supplier

From the beginning of the year, the new energy vehicle new round of subsidy policy was introduced, and the "General Office of the State Council on accelerating the promotion of new energy vehicles" announced that the national series of combined fist-style favorable policies will promote my country's electric vehicles The rapid development of new energy vehicles must also boost the dynamic lithium-ion battery. It is expected that the process of eliminating and discarding the powerful lithium-ion battery in the near future, how to face the problem of dynamic lithium-ion battery and environment, that is, the efficient recycling of dynamic lithium-ion batteries has become An important topic in front of industry sustainable development. I.

Power lithium-ion battery recycling potential in weight massive power lithium ion battery elimination and treatment will become a major problem in the future. According to the statistics of authoritative institutions, January to October 2014, my country's pure electric passenger cars produced 222,000 units, up 7 times higher than the year-on-year, plug-in hybrid passenger car production of 111 million units, rising by 20 times year-on-year. The increase in electric vehicle production has driven a significant increase in the demand for power lithium-ion battery.

Since the standard of power lithium-ion battery scrap is less than 80% of the battery capacity, with the industrialization and commercialization of electric vehicles, the powerful dynamic lithium-ion battery is eliminated and treated will be the sustainable development of electric automotive industries. A problem. According to CCIDI, by 2015, the amount of powerful drainage of the powered lithium-ion battery will reach 2-40,000 tons, 2020 is 12-17 million tons.

Dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling will be an effective way to reduce battery costs. The life of the power lithium-ion battery is about 20 years, and the dynamic lithium-ion battery on the car uses 3-5 years after the decline in battery performance must be replaced. The lithium-ion battery capacity eliminated between 70% -80%, if directly do resource recovery is a lot of waste, after testing and treatment, can continue to use in new energy distributed power stations, streetlights, communication base stations In the field of energy storage, it can also be used on low-speed electric vehicles such as electric venue, tour bus, golf cart to achieve a battery level, thereby reducing 30% -60% battery cost.

Practice has proved that from 2007 to 2012, Tesra has reduced the 18650 cylindrical battery of the 18650 cylindrical battery by recycling and scale. Dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery will become an important means of alleviating resources bottlenecks. Waste lithium-ion battery usually contain cobalt 5% -15%, lithium 2% -7%, nickel 0.

5% -2%, and its recovery is high. First, the recovery technology of cobalt and nickel waste is mature, and the re-recovery cobalt, and the nickel waste has become an important purpose of the current treatment of waste lithium ion batteries. In particular, the international market has a nickel price of the Indonesian nickel in January this year.

More than 60%. Second, foreign research institutions predict that once the electric vehicle and energy storage market really broke out, by 2050, the global metal demand will reach 40 million tons, while the world has now explored the total reserves of the lithium resource in converted to metal lithium up to 4500 Ten thousand tons; my country's lithium reserves account for only 10% of the world reserves, when the global metal lithium supply is stretched, my country's lithium resource crisis will be more prominent. Second, my country's powered lithium-ion battery recycling problems and challenges small workshops are filled with dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling market.

my country's lithium-ion battery recycling industry has less company, more than 90% of the waste lithium ion batteries have flowed into the non-qualified battery refurbished small workshop. Due to the low cost of processing, "high-priced recycling" is their largest competitive advantage, and they simply handle and repair the recycled waste lithium-ion battery. After re-package, they will return to the second-hand market, resulting in powerful lithium-ion batteries.

And some damaged or scrapped power lithium-ion batteries, it is in the embarrassing situation of unmanned recycling. The technique of dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling is still to be broken. At present, the company is a problem of balancing energy consumption and water pollution.

It is important to take "dry and wet binding" to disassemble the lithium-ion battery and recovered cobalt, nickel. Although recovering lithium carbonate can cope with future lithium resources shortage, the current research on recovering lithium carbonate has not achieved substantial breakthroughs, and the cost of recovering lithium carbonate from lithium-ion batteries is still more than 5 times more than 5 times. Recycling policy environment needs to be improved.

First, my country's corresponding management system is lack of standardized development of waste battery recycling market, lack specific measures, producers, users and managers, and the responsibility of the recycling. Second, foreign lithium-ion battery recovery management companies can obtain corresponding processing costs from the production company in accordance with the amount of waste battery, and my country's situation is just contrary, and the lithium-ion battery recycling company will pay a certain fee to the production company. Again, due to the poor relevance of industrial chain in my country's new energy vehicles related to China, whether it is a vehicle company, battery company or battery rental, it is difficult to take the lead in studying the ladder of dynamic lithium-ion batteries.

The industrialization of recycling is difficult to form. Since my country's lithium-ion battery lacks a unified standard, the components of the battery are not the same, and even the same ternary material, the composition ratio has a large difference, directly recovering the positive electrode material, the negative material, the electrolytic solution in the waste lithium ion battery. Middleware commercialization is very difficult to commercialize high value-added.

The middle product is used to use the battery manufacturing, and it is difficult to meet control, batch stability, and consistency requirements. It is difficult to form a large-scale recycling industry chain. Tesla is a 18650 battery that uses the same company, unified specifications, and realizes the industrialization of battery recycling.

Third, the countermeasures recommended to improve the recycling and utilization of power lithium-ion battery. First, develop power lithium-ion battery recycling management methods, clear the responsibility, rights and obligations of all relevant parties such as producers, users and managers and recycles. The second is the introduction of relevant economic incentives, such as increasing subsidies for battery recovery, and return to lithium battery companies, etc.

The third is to gradually enter the phase-out period in the early demonstration project, and organize the pilot demonstration work of the recycling of dynamic lithium-ion battery. Improve the threshold for recycling of lithium-ion batteries to strengthen market management. First, support and cultivate the leading company of my country's lithium-ion battery recycling industry, play the company's demonstration.

The second is to improve the qualification standards of the power lithium-ion battery recovery process, strengthen qualification management, resolutely eliminate and ban no qualified waste lithium-ion battery recycling company. The third is to strictly implement environmental laws and regulations and related policies, and must support battery recovery advantage, but also prevent the company to defraud preferential policies by the company's banner. Support for technical research to carry out recycling of lithium ion battery.

First, continue to support the company's recycling of precious metals such as cobalt, nickel, and guarantee its environmental and economic benefits. The second is to support domestic research institutions and colleges and universities to carry out the research of lithium-ion battery recovery treatment technology, focusing on the pre-research work of lithium carbonate recovery. The third is to carry out safety techniques for the storage and processing of dynamic lithium-ion batteries to prevent new safety hazards from the development of electric vehicles.

Improve lithium-ion battery standard system to promote industrialization development. Improve my country's dynamic lithium-ion battery standard system, from the aspects of power lithium ion battery classification, battery components, etc., enhance the standardization level of my country's electric vehicle power lithium-ion battery, directly from waste lithium ion batteries Recycling of the positive material, the negative electrode material, the electrolyte, the diaphragm, etc.

(Author: Industrial and Information Technology Saidi "Gao Hong Liu Wenting Hu Wenzhi).