Electric car first generation power lithium battery recycling secret: "Where is it not to go?"

　　Author ：Iflowpower – Portable Power Station Supplier

One of the renewable resource recovery stations in South China, exudes a unique stimulating taste. Boss Zhang Lin (pseudonym) and several young staff shirtless, and push some waste to trucks just received. Among these waste, including lead-acid batteries (hereinafter referred to as "battery") from the old one-generation low-speed four-wheel electric vehicle.

In the kingdom of vehicle power lithium-ion battery, because of harmful substances such as lead and sulfuric acid, the battery is not a future development direction, a new generation of new energy vehicles, more nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium ion power Battery (hereinafter referred to as "lithium ion battery"), nickel-hydrogen battery as a driving force. But this does not mean that the battery or even more power lithium-ion battery should be relaxed, which in turn may cause environmental pollution, and harm the human health, especially in its industrial chain last ring - recycling link. This is the same, and now the lithium-ion battery used in new energy is like this.

Taking the battery as an example, due to the development of a car power lithium-ion battery such as a relatively small contamination of lithium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, a low-speed four-wheel electric vehicle, battery tricycle, etc., also known as the industry "First generation power lithium ion battery". It has been widely used, and now, only the waste battery will be as high as millions of tons per year.

With the update of the power lithium-ion battery technology, the eliminated battery first ushered in the scrapped small peak. Wang Jingzhong, Vice Chairman of my country's Battery Industry Association, said that the first finance is 1 ° C reporter, the backend market is the most polluted, chaos in the full life cycle of the dynamic lithium-ion battery, and the phenomenon of illegally dismantling the dynamic lithium-ion battery is common , Causing serious environmental pollution and resource waste. What can't be ignored is that it may threaten the human health - lead compound and the acid solution in the battery waste liquid quietly penetrate into the soil and water source.

Due to the unknown, there is no preparation measures, once the human body is contaminated soil and water source Contact, it may have more serious consequences such as "lead poison". The hazard of "lead poison" is not a new thing. Its impact on people's body is to trigger metabolism, reproductive and neurological diseases.

Once the human lead content exceeds the standard, it will lead to a decline in intelligence, and it is easy to induce children's malignant tumors, and even endanger life safety. As early as in 2013, the first finance is investigating a child's blood-lead pollution incident in China, and the Hao Fengtong, who is the occupational disease and poison department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, said that the reporter clearly stated that lead poisoning for children's psychology, intelligence and behavior Development damage is irreversible. Something, in 2011, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the "Notice on Strengthening Battery and Regeneration Lead Industry Pollution Prevention" announced at the time, the lead pollution incidents raised by the battery and regenerative lead industry have high incidents.

Seriously threaten the health of the masses and asks "to strengthen the battery (including battery processing (including electrode board), assembly, recovery) and regenerative lead industries, protect the people's health". What changes are the recovery and treatment of batteries after the above notice? With such a question, in the current situation of the full-scale power lithium ion battery, 1 ° C reporter first cut into the survey from the most urgent battery market with the recycling demand, and expects to throw the jade, solve the current and future, including but not limited to the battery Various power lithium-ion battery recovery safety. From the current 1 ° C reporter investigation, the battery recovery and harmless treatment is still not optimistic.

Similar to the non-formal recovery station such as Zhang Lin's simple and rudeness of the battery - the sulfuric acid solution in the battery is not a case, and the various judicial volumes of the reporter have been combed, and the dismantling battery is not fresh. thing. According to industry insiders, in all electric vehicle batteries to be scrapped, there are up to 30% of the formal battery recycling company.

Seeing the waste station: The battery solution directly poured into the toilet in South China, some waste purchasers are sitting on the tricycle waiting for the old things cleaned from the community. Sometimes they receive some electric batteries, and sell them to nearby recycle bins. Under the guidance of a waste acquirer, 1 ° C reporters quickly found several recycling stations in the local area.

Zhang Lin's recycling station is one of them. At noon on October 10, with several other employees, when carrying these dozens of pounds of batteries, Zhang Lin did not wear any protective tools, which look like dealing with other daily waste. But when talking about how to handle the solution in the battery, Zhang Lin's face has become a bit serious.

"This thing is toxic, there is sulfuric acid inside. "He said. In the electric vehicle battery received by Zhang Lin, there are two kinds: one is not known when the battery has been poured off, and the dumping place is not known; the other is maintained, the inner solution is still.

In the battery recycling market, the battery that pours the solution is more popular than the battery with a solution. The reason is that the market considers that the battery of the battery has no recycling value. From the recovery price, the battery is poured off the solution per catty, and there is a solution of 1 yuan than the solution, that is, 4 yuan / catties.

The battery of the in vivo still has a solution, Zhang Lin told reporters that their practice is to pour into the toilet, and finally discharge into the sewer to reduce the weight of the battery during transport. Inside the battery, there is generally about 74% of lead and 20% sulfuric acid. These two substances have a significant impact on the ecological environment.

In the battery, after a chemical reaction with sulfuric acid, it is often contained in the pourdding solution. Heavy metal lead can enter the human body through a variety of pathways such as respiratory, digestive tract, accumulating in the body, causing harm to the human body after accumulating a certain amount in the body. "(Solution) does not invert the toilet?" Zhang Lin's above practice, not solvent.

In the nearby other waste recycling bin, when the battery solution is handled, the boss of this recycling station answers this. As for these collected batteries and other waste products, will eventually flow to, Zhang Lin said that they will be transported by heavy trucks to another city from Nansin, which is not far away. As for the specific location, he is like a deep.

However, there are many industry insiders, where the recycling of abandoned battery shifts are not secret, and they point their goals to a national famous non-ferrous metal recycling towards the east of the above city. On October 11, 1 ° C reporter came to the above-mentioned recycling, and saw on the local waste distribution market. The truck shuttled the road, the metal recycling site was intensive, and the site was hung by recycling aluminum, lead, nickel, chromium.

, Manganese, copper, etc., metal stacked in the station. In the face of reporters about how to handle questions in the battery, the boss of the powerful lithium-ion battery such as the battery is very cautious.

"We only recover the power lithium-ion battery without solution. "A boss said, those batteries they recovered, the solution has been poured. Local multi-recycled batteries revealed that the power lithium-ion battery collected here will be shipped to the western province, as well as the dismantling and recycling of coastal provinces such as Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu.

Different models of power lithium-ion batteries are different, the structure is diverse, but the total dismantling process is not two, all from the car to remove the battery pack, pretreat the battery pack, and disassemble the battery pack. The module, the outer casing and the metal accessory, the module is disassembled as a monomer, the outer casing and the metal accessory, and finally disassemble the monomer as a positive and negative electrode, housing. In the aforementioned distribution market, there are very few local people to take the waste work, and they are mostly from the inland province.

"This kind of living is generally not dry.". "The old man in the waste recycling station from the inland province said.

He at this time, the shirt of the shirt is disassembled for some home appliance waste, and it is found that the metal that can be used. But he said that he has never disassembled the powered lithium-ion battery because they are "too dangerous". The battery is disassembled into a mystery: Z70% of the vice chairman of the my country Battery Industry Association, Wang Jingzhong, etc.

said to 1 ° C reporter, the current battery truly pollution risk exists in the recovery and smelting link. Compared to production links, potential environmental risks in battery recycling are huge, which is the government to focus on supervision. How high is the risk of dismantling the battery? In addition to the volume and quality of the battery, even if it has been scrapped, there is still a certain amount, the voltage is more than 300 volts that are hurting.

Once the degree of dismantling is improper, it will cause battery short circuit, fire, or even explosion, thereby harm the safety of the operator. In addition, environmental pollution caused by electrolyte leaks is not estimated. There is an occurrence when the battery is dismantled.

For example, the reporter queried the "Typical Case of Environmental Pollution Crime" on the referee document found that in 2016, there are people who have leased lead-aliasing plants, and have not obtained the dangerous waste operation license. No pollution prevention measures are not taken, and the fire-cutting battery is used to use fire-based metallurgical technology. Restore lead production.

In the above case, the parties have purchased a waste of 100 million yuan, a total of more than 13,500 tons of waste storage batteries since June 2012, which is used in Jiangsu to reduce lead production and severely pollute the environment. In the end, Tian Moumou was recognized as "illegally acquired waste battery, using fire-making metallurgical process, in the process of illegal disposal, the existing wastewater, the exhaust gas has not been treated directly, the spilled dust is collected with homemade bag collection, The finished product lead ingot is released, causing serious pollution, constitutes a sin of pollution, and is sentenced to four years in prison for four months. For example, on July 10, 2014, the public security organ seized 1131.

17 tons of the battery-free battery demolition of the stacked battery in the Shenyang Tashan waste battery smelting plant. Other hazardous waste "National Hazardous Waste Directory" in the classification, disassembled, broken, and smashing classification. On June 10, 2014, the public security organ was arrested by the defendant Yang Moujia, Wen Mou, and Wen Mou in the Shenyang Tashan waste battery.

According to 2016, "National Hazardous Waste Directory", "Abandoned lead-acid battery" is directly identified as hazardous waste. "The Supreme People, the Supreme People's Procuratorate" Provisions: Illegal Emissions, Dumping, 3 Tons of Hazardous Wastes should be considered to be "serious pollution environment", and the consequences are particularly serious. There are more than 7 years of imprisonment, and.

However, in front of the high returns from illegal recycling and smelting power lithium ion batteries, there are still people. "Don't look at some of the facades of solid waste recycling companies, their bosses are often thousands of people.".

"A battery recycling company who is unwilling to disclose is said to reporters," these people often engage in (solid waste such as battery) illegal recycling. "" Illegal workshop and no qualified company, in order to reduce processing costs, harmful substances will be unreasonable and dumped by some violence. This phenomenon is currently more.

"Guangdong Bangpu Circular Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as" Guangdong Bangpu ") Deputy President Yeajun said that the first financial version 1 ° C reporter.

According to Guangdong Bangpuan official website, the company is a major high-tech company for national torch programs produced by the world's professional waste batteries and scrapped car resource recovery and high-end battery materials. Even if it is called, Guangdong Bangp is still facing the raw material bottleneck of recycling of lithium-ion batteries. Many young people have pointed out that domestic regulations have strict requirements for battery recycling companies, to apply for licenses to engage in waste battery recycling and processing.

Due to technical and funding, there is not much qualified company. On the contrary, many individuals and unsupported companies are not only technically backward, but also regardless of environmental pollution. "Currently, the number of refined dynamic lithium-ion batteries of regular companies that flow into Guangdong Bangpu can be numbered.

Regular companies also eat unsatument. Yu Navy said, in contrast, a large number of small traders, traders played the country's high-priced flags in the country, and was assembled to the industry's well-known charging treasure, electric fish machine, senile steps, etc. field.

The battery will be used by small traders, and the secret is that its steps are used - the battery is added with new power attenuation, and when the final attenuation is at 80% of the rated capacity, it will not apply to electric cars, this It is likely to be used by the steps, which in turn becomes a low power plant. Yu Haijun said that due to the state of the steps of each single of the battery, the conditions of the new product are unable to use the new product detection means and standards to determine if it is qualified, which may lead to the powerful company that flows into the non-regular company. There is an uncertain security hazard when it is used again.

These markets have no unified examination standards, technical certification system, etc. This means that informal companies can acquire more power lithium-ion batteries from small business dealers through the advantages of high-cost recovery. After the battery flows into the second-hand market, its form has changed, and it may be re-assembled into a battery pack after a large change, and after the change of the small business hawker and illegal dismantling plant, this is coming to recycle with battery.

The same old road. Zhang Tian, ​​chairman of the leader of the Domestic New Energy Battery Industry, which was returned to the domestic new energy battery industry, was disclosed during the 2017 National "two sessions", and the recovery process is basically driven by the market, and the scrap battery is served. Small traders in the junction.

Due to the national standard recycling system, the number of waste batteries that have occurred each year exceeds 3.3 million tons, and the formal recovery ratio accounts for less than 30% of the total battery. "Now the powerful lithium-ion battery, especially the battery, seven or eight points, was taken away by the vendor.

This causes the problem very large: random smash, dumping the solution. "Wang Jingzhong said to reporters," After pouring the solution, I will take myself to smelt, refine the lead. "Wang Jingzhong was previously found in Hebei.

It was found that a workshop was very simple during smelting, and the workshop was only a bite of 坩 埚. From the battery, the lead polar plate was removed in the crucible, and the leading flue gas was mixed in the air. Flutter.

"Now this phenomenon still exists, before it is open, now is secretly touched. "According to Zhang Tian, ​​I introduced the 100-person meeting in my country in 2015, the low-speed electric vehicle has a large market share, in 2014, only in Shandong Province, the time, Fu Road, Tang Jun, Lei Ding, Baoya, etc. The total number of low-speed electric vehicles has been close to 200,000 vehicles.

Low-speed electric vehicles currently have no clear meaning, generally referring to the speed of 70 kilometers, using pure electric four-wheeled car, the market price is between 1-30,000 yuan. Due to lightweight and practical, low price, low-speed electric vehicles are very popular in three or four-tier cities and rural areas, Shandong, Henan, Hebei is an important production and sales area. Take Shandong Province as an example, the public information shows that in the first half of 2017, the production and sales of four-wheeled low-speed electric vehicles in the province reached 281,000 and 283,000, up 8.

7% and 10.4% year-on-year. "(Low-speed electric car) how much specific data is, all localities have different standards.

"Wang Bing, director of the national new energy automobile technology innovation engineering expert group said to 1 ° C reporter," Now the country is developing standards for low-speed electric vehicles, alone. Now the country should formulate regulations to this kind of car, the standard is being developed. "And the low-speed electric vehicle relies different battery supply to the battery, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will write in the" Interim Measures for the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling "(Draft) from December 2006:" Supply for the new energy vehicle power system The battery is composed of battery packs (groups) and battery management systems, including lithium ion power storage batteries, metal hydride / nickel power storage, etc.

, free of lead-acid batteries. "How can it prevent battery recovery to repeat in new energy auto? This is also a problem that the industry is highly valued. Although the lithium ion battery does not contain a heavy metal element such as mercury, cadmium, lead, etc.

, but also brings environmental pollution. For example, once its electrode material enters the environment, it can cause hydrolysis, decomposition, oxidation, etc. in other substances in the environment, which may cause weight environmental pollution, including pH value of the soil, and may have a poisonous gas properly.

As for how to deal with more possible power lithium ion batteries, it is still to explore from the currently scale battery recovery system. The reporter survey shows that the battery chaos is caused by a variety of reasons. Although battery recovery, the state has relevant policies and standards, but there is no fully covered the mechanism of the full life cycle of the power lithium-ion battery, as well as the specific operation rules of management.

Examples of the Navy said that the power lithium-ion battery has no unified encoding, which means that there is no way to bind and trace the rear end binding and traceability of the power lithium-ion batteries produced by each manufacturer. In addition, due to the extremely dispersive and conceal of traders and small workshops, the relevant departments can only manage the regular company when they are managed, and it is difficult to manage the small traders and underground workshops. As a production unit and consumers, it is in its own market mechanism and interest drive, mostly choose the second-handed second-handed second-hand sales of power lithium-ion batteries, as for the second hand, how to disassemble how to deal with it, whether it is environmentally friendly, Basic no one knows.

Competition with small business hawkers and underground workshops, the regular dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling company is passively, and it is also the reason that cannot be avoided. Compared to small traders and underground workshops, regular dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery companies can not be underestimated. Zhang Tian reluctant, at present, my country's recycling treatment of 1 ton of waste phosphate power lithium-ion battery cost is 8.

540 yuan, but the regeneration material returns are only 8,110 yuan, loss of 430 yuan. There is another problem with the difficulty of recycling, and there is also another problem in the actual recycling business. That is, in the actual recycling business, the dynamic lithium-ion battery structure of different automotive manufacturers is large, the material system is different, and the recycle is added in invisible.

This is also true, there are many domestic power lithium-ion battery recycling companies still want to support the government. Yu Navy believes that the root cause of the powerful lithium-ion battery recovery company has a profit and loss is that the total amount of the legitimate market is still too small and cannot form an intensive scale economy.