Tlhahlobo e ka sehloohong ea thekenoloji ea ho hlaphoheloa ha betri ho nts&39;etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase

Mongoli: Iflowpower - Mofani oa Seteishene sa Motlakase se nkehang

Ha lefatše le fetohela ho likoloi tsa motlakase ho fokotsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ho lekanya tlhoko ea nako e tlang ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa betri ho bohlokoa. Tlalehong e ncha, CHENGJIANXU, Bernhardsteubing le sehlopha sa lipatlisiso Univesithing ea Leiden ea Netherlands le US Agong National Laboratory li bonts&39;a tlhokahalo ea lithium, nickel, cobalt le manganese oxides ka 2020 ho isa 2050. E tla eketsa lintlha tse ngata.

Ka hona, tlhoko ea ketane ea phepelo ea lithium, cobalt le nickel ea hola, mme e kanna ea hloka ho hlahloba lisebelisoa tse ling. Leha ho le joalo, mabapi le nts&39;etsopele ea likepe tsa motlakase le matla a betri ea koloi e &39;ngoe le e&39; ngoe, ho se tsitse ho hoholo haholo. Pele ho 2050, ts&39;ebetso ea "loop-loop recycling" e ne e phetha karolo ea bobeli empa e ntse e le ea bohlokoa ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea thepa e tala, &39;me bafuputsi ba tlameha ho ithuta mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho tsosolosa, le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa boemo ba betri ho tloha liseleng tse lahliloeng.

Mosebetsi ona o se o hatisitsoe ho "Natural Communications Materials". Tsoelo-pele ea likoloi tsa motlakase e nyenyane ho feta tšusumetso ea likoloi tsa motlakase (EV) ho boemo ba leholimo ha ho bapisoa le likoloi tse nang le lienjineri tse tukang ka hare. Monyetla ona o lebisa keketsehong e kholo ea tlhokahalo, mme likepe tsa lefats&39;e li hola ho tloha liketeng tsa likepe ho ea ho tse 7.

Likepe tse limilione tse 5 ka 2019. Leha ho le joalo, &39;maraka o tloaelehileng oa likoloi o ntse o lekanyelitsoe,&39; me kholo ea nako e tlang e lebelletsoe ho etsa keketseho e felletseng nakong e fetileng. Lithium-ion battery (libs) ke theknoloji e tloaelehileng ea likoloi tsa motlakase, libeteri tse tloaelehileng tsa likoloi tsa lithium-ion li na le lithium, cobalt le nickel, &39;me anode e na le graphite,&39; me likarolo tse ling li na le aluminium le koporo.

Theknoloji ea betri hajoale e ntse e lebile ntlheng e ncha e ntlafalitsoeng ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale. Mosebetsing ona, XU et al. O ithutile tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tsa betri ea koloi ea motlakase e bobebe ea lefats&39;e, ho tloha lithium, nickel, cobalt ho isa graphite le silicon, mme a hokahanya tlhokahalo ea thepa le bokhoni bo tsitsitseng ba tlhahiso le mehloli e tsebahalang ea ho buisana ka libeteri tse ntlafalitsoeng.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa. Mosebetsi ona o tla thusa phetoho ea koloi ea motlakase ka ho fana ka leseli mabapi le lisebelisoa tsa betri tsa nako e tlang le lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse tsamaisang tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tsa betri. Ponelopele ea ntlafatso ea likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara 2050.

Koloi e hloekileng ea motlakase, koloi ea motlakase ea plug-in hybrid, lenaneo la STEP, boemo ba leano la naha, boemo ba nts&39;etsopele e tsitsitseng. Sehlopha sa Likoloi tsa Motlakase (EV) se ekelitse kholo ea likoloi tsa likoloi tsa motlakase ho latela linyeoe tse peli tsa International Energy (IEA) ho fihlela 2030. Tsena li kenyelletsa maano a thehiloeng a amanang le maano a teng a mmuso le maemo a nts&39;etsopele ea moshoelella (SD) a lumellanang le sepheo sa boemo ba leholimo ba "Tumellano ea Paris", ke hore, likoloi tsa motlakase tsa 2030, thekiso ea lefats&39;e e fihlile ho 30%.

Tlhahlobong ena, XU et al. Eketsa maemo ana ho 2050. Ho fihlela tharollo ea STEP, ka 2050, ho hlokahala matla a betri a ka bang 6THH ka selemo.

Litlhoko tsa thepa li tla ipapisa le khetho ea li-reagents tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale tsa betri, &39;me hajoale ho ntse ho nahanoa ka lisebelisoa tse tharo tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale tsa betri. Boemo bo ka &39;nang ba e-ba teng bo tla latela li-betri tsa hona joale tsa lithium nickel-cobalt aluminium (NCA) le lithium nickel-cobalt manganese (NCM) (eo hamorao e tla bitsoa NCX, moo x e emelang aluminium kapa manganese). Ka 2030, sena se tla lebisa ho nts&39;etsopele ea k&39;hemistri ea betri.

Joalo ka lithium ion battery positive electrode material e lebelletsoe ho fumana lits&39;ebetso tse ngata ho feta likoloing tsa motlakase tse tlang. Le hoja e tla ama moruo oa mafura le lik&39;hilomithara tse sa feleng tsa likoloi tsa motlakase ho feta matla, LFPs e na le melemo ea theko e tlaase ea tlhahiso, botsitso bo botle ba mocheso le bophelo bo bolelele. Le hoja betri ea LFP e ntse e le molemo likoloing tsa khoebo tse kang libese, ho boetse ho na le ts&39;ebeliso e pharaletseng likoloing tse bobebe tsa motlakase tse kenyeletsang Teslas.

Lenaneong la STEP, karolo ea &39;maraka oa betri le selemo sa betri ea koloi ea motlakase pele ho 2050. (A) Sebaka sa NCX. (B) Sebaka sa LFP.

(C) Li-S / aerial scene. LFP lithium iron phosphate battery, NCM lithium nickel-watenganese battery, NCM111, NCM 523, NCM622, NCM811, NCM 955 emela likarolelano tsa nickel, cobalt, manganese. NCA lithium nickel-cobalt aluminium battery, graphite (Si) graphite anode e na le karolo e itseng ea silicon, lithium sulfide battery, lithium air battery, TWH109KHH.

Ho tloha ha lisebelisoa tsa betri li hloka le ho hlaphoheloa, bo-rasaense ba lekola tlhoko ea libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase (EV), mme ba bonts&39;a hore kholo ea lithium e ameha hanyane feela ke likarolo tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale tse khethehileng tsa betri, le likarolo tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale tse khethehileng tsa nickel le cobalt. Ho tloha 2020 ho isa 2050, tlhoko ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion e ntse e eketseha. Ka tsela ena, ba ile ba bolela esale pele hore tlhoko e bokelletsoeng ea lithium ho tloha 2020 ho isa 2050 e pakeng tsa 7.

Lithane tse limilione tse 3 le lithane tse limilione tse 18.3, tlhoko e bokelletsoeng ea cobalt e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 3.5 ho isa ho 1.

Lithane tse limilione tse 88, &39;me tlhoko e bokelletsoeng ea nickel e ne e le limilione tse 181. Tonnest ho isa ho lithane tse limilione tse 889. Xu et al.

Haufi le lisebelisoa tse fetohang ha nako e ntse e ea ka betri ea litšila &39;me e tšohla mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa tsena ho thusa ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea thepa ea mantlha. Mokhoa o teng oa ho sebelisa betri ea koloi ea motlakase o na le mefuta e &39;meli ea mokhoa o omileng le o metsi. Mokhoa oa mollo o kenyelletsa ho qhibilihisa betri eohle kapa pakete ea betri e seng e hloekisitsoe.

Metallurgy e metsi e ipapisitse le ho qoelisoa ka asiti ebe e khutlisa lisebelisoa tsa betri ka mokhoa oa ho ntša metsi le mokhoa oa pula. Ka potoloho e koetsoeng ea loop, phekolo ea metallurgical e metsi e ka etsoa ka mor&39;a hore mokhoa oa mollo o phekoloe, &39;me motsoako o fetoloa letsoai la tšepe. Sepheo sa mokhoa o tobileng oa ho hlaphoheloa ke ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa tsa cathode ha li ntse li boloka sebopeho sa lik&39;hemik&39;hale ho fumana melemo ea moruo le ea tikoloho, empa mokhoa ona o ntse o le boemong ba pele ba tsoelo-pele.

Ho NCX, LFP le Li-S / Air Battery Solutions, lithium, nickel le lisebelisoa tsa betri ea cobalt li phalla ho tloha 2020 ho isa 2050. (A) Tlhokahalo ea thepa e tala. (B) Lisebelisoa tsa betri tse senyehileng.

MOHATO Scenario - Boemo ba Leano le Tloaelehileng, Boemo ba Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella, Boemo ba Nts&39;etsopele ea Moshoelella ea Lithane tse limilione. Motlakase Automotive Outlook e ntlafalitse mehlala ka tsela ena, Xu Chengjian, Bernhad Steve le basebetsi-&39;moho le eena ba ntlafalitse ho bontša kamoo lithium, nickel le cobalt betri ea matla a tla hōla haholo, hobane esita le pele ho 2025, likoloi tsa motlakase Khōlo ea tlhokahalo e ka boela ea feta lebelo la tlhahiso ea hona joale. Lisebelisoa tsa betri li ka fanoa ntle le ho feta matla a tlhahiso a teng, empa li tlameha ho eketseha ho finyella litlhoko tsa mafapha a mang.

Kakaretso ea likotsi tsa phepelo e ka fetoha ha ho sibolloa mehloli e mecha. Tlhokahalo ea matla a betri e tla ipapisa le lintlha tsa tekheniki, joalo ka moralo oa koloi, boima ba &39;mele le katleho ea mafura, hammoho le boholo ba sekala sa likepe le bareki ho ea ka boholo le mefuta ea likoloi tsa motlakase. Ho hlaphoheloa ka ho toba ke mokhoa o bonolo ka ho fetisisa oa moruo le oa tikoloho o koetsoeng, hobane o ka khutlisa lisebelisoa tsa cathode ntle le ho qhibiliha le leaching.

Phetoho ea katleho ho koloi ea motlakase e tla itšetleha ka hore na e ka khona ho boloka thepa e tsoelang pele ea thepa ea indasteri. Tekolo ea ts&39;ebetso ea mahlale, ho kenyeletsoa tlhahlobo ea potoloho ea bophelo ea lintho tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale, e tla tataisa khetho ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale tsa betri le lisebelisoa tse tala. Tlhokahalo ea lefats&39;e e lebelletsoeng tlhokahalo ea lefats&39;e hape ke sethala sa ho lekola tikoloho ea moruo oa lefats&39;e le phello ea sechaba ea likoloi tsa motlakase le libeteri tsa tsona.