Dynamic lithium battery storage energy issues have multiple waste lithium ion batteries with economic benefits

作者：Iflowpower – Kaasaskantava elektrijaama tarnija

Amounted to a car show in Beijing Mobile, in April 2015, had a listener questioning whether the new energy car really environmentally friendly: "So how many new energy cars, how many crops are contaminated?" With the development of electric vehicles, Future power lithium-ion battery will usher in a huge market, and there will be a large number of recycling problems with a large amount of powerful lithium-ion battery retirement. Although there is an unprecedented opportunity, it also has a new problem that cannot be avoided. This article uses eight keywords recovered by power lithium-ion batteries to systematically explain the opportunities, hidden and response strategies of dynamic lithium-ion batteries.

The article is longer, this article is divided into three articles. This is the second article. Keywords: energy storage refers to the development of future waste dynamic lithium ion batteries.

Generally mentioned an important direction, the dynamic lithium-ion battery that can still be operated after retiring can continue to serve as an energy storage battery. This is a very good output direction. I started to contact the energy storage project since 2010, the stack storage project has a shallow experience, combined with the actual engineering characteristics of the energy storage project, and now I'm seeing this idea.

Some people love. First, battery requirements. It should be clear that the environment of the energy storage battery may not be as harsh than the power lithium-ion battery, and it is generally placed in the room, and it is also equipped with temperature control and active heat dissipation, and it is not too might of vibration, but this does not mean the battery.

Safety requirements have declined. The energy storage battery is large, often used as a hundred kilowatts or even MW levels, energy scheduling, and battery management complexity, the powerful power lithium-ion battery, while plus energy is too concentrated, so it is also in battery performance and life. High requirements.

Second, the matching level of the energy storage project is the battery of the engineering attribute, and the construction of time and space has a clear construction limit. The power lithium-ion battery belongs to the application of the product properties, the elimination of the battery occurs anytime, anywhere, and does not match the engineering attribute of the energy storage battery. If there is an energy storage project, go to the market to recycle the battery, and it will definitely not guarantee if it is stored; if it is stored in the usual recovery, it may add the cost of the recycled battery.

In the event of battery storage, performance may occur. Change; if the principle of "how much can be recovered", the power lithium-ion battery that can be processed may be too small. After the battery recovery, it is also disassembled, sorted, etc.

, and the final effective product has a large randomness. Perhaps this recovery has statistical stability, and I haven't done in-depth research, but for a batch, the recovery rate may not guarantee. Third, a mixed specification.

Whether it's previous centralized energy storage, or currently more popular distributed energy storage, its energy scale is relatively large. By recovering the power lithium-ion battery, it may be different specifications, different models, its group and string from different manufacturers, different models, and the string of parallelism, even if the same brand is the same size, for a period of time After the internal resistance, capacity, self-discharge, electrode surface state can also have a large difference. Such messy batteries are used to a large-scale energy storage project, and the difficulty of battery management may increase greatly.

Before listening to the unity of the technical means, it also completed the unified form: the secondary development of the energy storage project, requiring the battery into the shape, installation, power interface, signal interface, communication interface, Various protocols, voltage levels must be unified, can accept unified battery management, energy management and thermal management . fourth, recycle battery pricing and after-sales issues. It is well known that one of the biggest factors to limit the energy storage market is cost issue.

People who have not engaged in the energy storage industry are looking forward to the introduction of the subsidy electricity price policy. As an energy storage project, the cost of energy storage is high, and the cost of energy storage battery is high. In order to make the project have economic feasibility, it is often a longer design life, 5 years, 10 years, or even 20 Year, with the cost of batteries, even this, huge initial investment and borrowing financial costs, is also a very large number.

Therefore, the energy storage project is very sensitive to the price of the energy storage battery. Such a long period of battery design is used, which can be said to the life of a new battery. If you want the market to receive recycled old dynamic lithium-ion batteries, under the premise of no regulations, it means that compared to new batteries, recycled batteries must have lower prices and less short life, but also There is a time after sales guarantee, this may mean battery manufacturers to extend the warranty of batteries.

Advance the pricing of the battery, there are many calculation methods. I personally feel that at least one of the principles should be followed, that is, using waste batteries, no new project costs. For example, if the service life of the waste battery is not less than 30% of the new battery, then the battery price is preferably 30%, otherwise, although the amount of the initial investment has declined, the calculation electric cost will be Rising, the market may be unrelenting (of course, what is the life of this commitment comes, it is worth discussing).

In the actual situation, the battery recovery, dismantling, sorting, transportation, warehousing, secondary group, each step is cost, and this cost is also a randomness. For example, we dismantled a group of batteries, and it is not possible to understand how much recycling inside (I have been removed some power lithium-ion battery pack, the more famous manufacturers, Pack in order to pursue energy density, the design is quite compact, many batteries Mechanical damage is prone to the process of dismantling), is there a low-cost and accurate waste industrial battery evaluation technology to ensure that the battery can be quickly divided into a battery that can be recycled, how to make two different specifications of the battery secondary group How much will the total cost of packaging, design, processing, and assembly? The specific number is currently not known, but I don't think too cheap. Fifth, you can't solve the fundamental problem.

It is said that by eliminating the battery market, to solve the post-processing problem of the battery, it is an unsettled proposition, which may only be a new battery service time, reduce the cost of the battery (whether it can really reduce the discuption). But after the battery is retired, it is still facing how to deal with the problem. There is also no lack of individual impersonants, through the conversion of the power lithium ion battery to the energy storage battery, jump out of the line of sight of the dynamic lithium-ion battery, causing new environmental issues.

Although a large number of experts scholars and researchers can prove that the waste-driven lithium-ion batteries can be applied to the energy storage market, but they may not match in the project, and they may not have advantages in the price. If the pricing is too high, the energy storage developer may be conflicted; if the pricing is too low, the battery recovery may be conflict; if you want to add additional after-sales service, then the battery manufacturer may be conflicted. The current new power lithium-ion battery price has dropped again, although I don't dare to say that I have already never, but at least the profit space is already limited.

Under such a big situation, let the recycling battery have an absolute price advantage or difficulty. From my personal point of view, small bulk demonstrations to output recycled power lithium-ion batteries to the energy storage market, but it is difficult to become an important way to solve the power lithium-ion battery. Key words: resource mentioned above, there are a variety of heavy metal pollutants in the battery, but these pollutants are most economic value.

Currently commonly used lithium ion battery positive electrode materials include LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LIFEPO4 and three-dimensional materials, a positive electrode material, acetylene black conductive agent and an organic adhesive to form a positive electrode, and negative is important , Amorphous carbon material is applied to the copper foil. The electrolyte salt in the electrolyte solution is generally a lithium salt such as LiCf3SO3, LiBF4 and LiPF6. Commonly used solvents having carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dikyl carbonate (DMC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), etc.

The most commonly used lithium-ion battery (battery used in the consumer market and Upper Tesra), about 15% of the cobalt content. Natural cobalt ore is low, most of the cobalt and other metals form a total of 0.01% -0.

20%, the amount of smelting cost is only 0.01% to 0.20%, and my country is a cobalt country, and its own resources are far from Meet the needs of the market, to import a large amount of imported cobalt material.

If the waste lithium ion battery does not recycle, it will inevitably cause a great waste of resources, bringing a large amount of economic pressure to a lithium ion battery industry that is about lithium cobaltate material, in compared with the waste lithium ion battery. Cobalt is extremely recovered. The annual battery's scrap volume has exceeded 10 billion, according to 20 grams of weight per battery, then the cobalt content is above 3 g, if 80% recovery, 250 tons of cobalt can be recovered.

The current price of cobalt is lower, in 13 ~ 14 US dollars / lbs, the equation is approximately 18 ~ 200,000 yuan / ton, under the premise of the recovery rate, only cobalt's recovery value is more than 40 million. Not only contain cobalt, but also metal, aluminum, copper, etc., and organic electrolyte (technical have a certain difficulty), with higher value.

Compared with the foreground three-dimensional material battery and phosphate iodium phosphate ion battery, there are also many price metal, so it is recovered that various waste lithium ion batteries have certain economic benefits. In addition to the value ingredient inside the battery, the outer casing of the battery is usually made of aluminum or plastic, while having high recovery value. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the battery used in conventional dynamic lithium-ion batteries and consumer markets is thereafter, and the power lithium-ion battery cells are used to use the string and then use them.

It will also use a lot of copper, aluminum, steel plate and other raw materials. Here, there is a nickel-hydrogen battery, and the content of nickel in the waste nickel hydrodynamic lithium ion battery is as high as 30 to 50%, the cobalt content is about 2 to 5%, and the rare earth content is 5 ~ 10%, which has very high recovery. value.

However, the mixed rare earth metal used in nickel-hydrogen batteries is mainly, and the negative electrode is also a hydrogen storage alloy in the form of melting, and the recovery separation is also corresponding to the nickel-cadmium battery.