Dynamic lithium battery recovery reuse

Tác giả ：Iflowpower – Добављач преносних електрана

A few days ago, Honda took the lead in establishing a cyclic utilization mechanism of mixed power vehicle nickel-hydrogen battery in the world, and rare earths extracted in the nickel-hydrogen battery of hybrid vehicle as a nickel-hydrogen battery material into practical applications. Honda's rare earth resource recycling method has caused extensive attention in the industry, and also triggered discussions about the recycling technology of dynamic lithium-ion batteries. With the increasing depletion of global oil reserves and the deterioration of the environment, new energy vehicles will become the development direction of future cars.

Lithium-ion, nickel-hydrogen battery, etc., with its high specific energy, long life, suitable for high-current discharge, non-polluting, etc., becomes a new energy electric vehicle preferred green power source.

At the same time, some issues are also increasingly visual: such as nickel, cobalt, rare earth resource bottleneck problem, and environmental pollution issues of scrap-in-one lithium-ion batteries, etc. According to statistics, my country's 2010 battery industry consumes approximately 23,000 tons, about 4,000 tons of metal cobalt, about 8,000 tons of mixed rare earth metal, and the average life expectancy of the power lithium-ion battery is about 3-8 years, a large amount of power lithium-ion batteries Resource shortage and environmental problems are growing. Environmental benefits have a copy of the powerful metal nickel, cobalt, rare earth, etc.

of the power lithium-ion battery, and will seriously affect the manufacturing cost of dynamic lithium-ion batteries. Taking the nickel hydride power lithium ion battery, the nickel content of the waste nickel hydrodynamic lithium ion battery is 30% -50%, the cobalt content is 2% -5%, the rare earth content is 5% -10%, which has high recovery. Economic Value.

The model specifications of the dynamic lithium-ion battery products are unified, the component content is stable, and the application market is easy to manage. These are very convenient for their recycling and re-use. It is foreseeable that in the future, the dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery cycle use will become an emerging industry, and the recycling and regeneration of the failure dynamic lithium-ion battery can not only bring huge environmental benefits, but also brings considerable economic benefits and social benefits.

This can not only effectively control the battery cost, but also play a forward positive effect for the popularity of hybrid vehicles. The rare earth resources used in the nickel hydrodynamic lithium-ion battery are mainly mixed rare earth metals such as lanthanum, ruthenium, 镨, 钕, is in the form of metal, such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, etc., by melt forming hydrogen storage alloy anode active material.

It can be seen that the chemical composition in the nickel-hydrogen battery is very complicated. Compared to other batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries, it is much more difficult to recover. Honda and Japanese Heavy Chemical Industry Co.

, Ltd. jointly developed a nickel-hydrogen battery recovery production process, extracting mixed rare earth oxides from the failure product, further molten salt electrolysis is a mixed rare earth metal that can be used to prepare a nickel-hydrogen battery negative electrode material. This approach has more cost and component advantages than rare earth mining from mines.

In addition, the mixed rare earth is obtained by melt salt electrolysis, and the complex rare earth separation purification is also prevented from being subjected to complex rare earth separation, and the traditional recovery process flow is reduced. This loop reuse will become an important recovery model for processing electronic appliance waste in the future. Domestic "White District" At present, the domestic nickel-hydrogen power lithium-ion battery market has not yet formed climate, the production and sales volume is not large, and the number of invalid batteries is not much, and the recovery of nickel-hydrogen power lithium-ion batteries is also in the technical research stage.

The recovery of ordinary civil batteries is weak, and the recycling system is not perfect due to environmental protection awareness. It is not currently less than 2% of the overall domestic recovery. Most ordinary civilian waste batteries are discarded by consumers and domestic garbage without recycling.

In addition, there are many varieties of ordinary civil batteries, including alkali manganese batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium-ion batteries, etc., and increased difficulty in recovery sorting treatment. The model specifications of the same variety battery and the ingredient content are also large, which further increases the difficulty of recycling.

In addition, if you want to use the battery manufacturing, because the battery material is highly controlled by the impurity content, it is difficult to form a large-scale recycling industry chain. Some of the domestic recovery of waste batteries, the technical route for treating nickel-hydrogen batteries is generally produced by wet metallurgy, cobalt chloride, or ultrafine nickel powder, cobalt powder, cobalt powder, cobalt powder, cobalt powder, Cobalt ball nickel, three-dimensional material front body, etc. More than Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Shandong rare earth recycling company, an important part of the recycling business of rare earth magnetic materials, after separating rare earth oxides, further smelting into metal.

At present, there is no real battery rare earth recycling company in China. Nankai University has developed a negative rare earth storage alloy powder regeneration technology, and the collected hydrogen storage alloy waste has been pretreated, and the harmful impurities in the waste are removed, and a certain price metal is added, then vacuum smelting, directly obtaining nickel hydrogen directly Qualified hydrogen storage alloy required for battery manufacturing. This production process is simple and safe, non-polluting, and the recycling rate of alloy elements is high and low cost.

However, such hydrogen storage alloy waste recovery is high, the product quality is unstable, the product impurity content is high, and the product performance is still different, so this recovery method is subject to certain restrictions. The National Engineering Research Center, the National Engineering Research Center, in recent years, has also carried out a series of studies in the rare earth recovery re-use technology in nickel-hydrogen power lithium-ion batteries, and the research idea is to prepare the failure of nickel-hydrogen power lithium ion battery treatment into a negative hydrogen storage alloy. Material, can be reused to the production of a nickel hydrodynamic lithium-ion battery, has been applied for both invention patents.

The scale application of the recycling technology can reduce the production cost of the nickel-hydrogen power lithium-ion battery, which will play a positive use of the development of the domestic hybrid automotive industry.