Domestic power lithium battery recycling has just started many problems

著者：Iflowpower – Dodávateľ prenosných elektrární

Now the domestic automobile power recovery industry has just started. In 2015, the scrap dynamic lithium-ion battery has accumulated 20,000 to 40,000 tons. The corresponding battery recovery is only 2%, and the current recovery production is fundamentally unable to afford 120,000 to 170,000 tons of scrap batteries expected in 2020.

Therefore, there are many problems in the recycling management system construction, advanced technological innovation, mode exploration, standard system construction, etc. I. Now the auto-powered lithium-ion battery recovery industry is important.

Domestic battery manufacturers belong to eight fans, the sea is moving. The battery system design is completely different makes it impossible to use the same set of dismantlement pipelines suitable for all battery packs and modules, resulting in extreme inconvenience when the battery is dismantled. If you want to automate disassembly, the battery pack and module in the current size, the shape is different, and there is a high demand for the flexibility of the production line, resulting in too high cost of disposal costs.

It is basically based on manual dismantling. The skill level of workers directly affects the efficiency of battery recovery process. At the same time, because the battery pack itself has high energy, short circuit, leakage liquid, etc.

, thereby causing a fire or explosion. , Leading to casualties and property losses. Therefore, we must study the problem of safety and efficiency during battery pack dismantling process.

2) Poor product consistency and residual life and battery condition cannot be systematically assessing the use of quality detection when re-useing the ladder, and selects the battery, including the safety assessment, cycle life test, etc. The core is selected, and then the reorganization can be reused. However, if the power battery does not have a complete data record during service, the re-use process performs battery life prediction, accuracy may decline, the consistency of the battery cannot be guaranteed, and the test equipment, test fees, test time, analysis modeling and other costs Newly increased.

Due to the internal resistance, electrochemical characteristics, thermal characteristics of different batteries, the inconsistency and reliability of the battery may not be guaranteed, if some problems have not been verified during the screening process, and they will be used again, will be new Increase security risks for the entire battery system. So, how to do fast loss and accurate detection, is the key to the trapezing utilization. Recently, the state has announced GB / T32690 "Electric Vehicle Remote Service in Management System Technical Plan", and the regulations include new energy vehicles to run data collection and monitoring into the company's mandatory requirements, and will make up for this data vacancy after future promotion implementation.

3) System integration technology is not mature due to the connection between the cells is usually laser welding or other rigid connecting processes, it is difficult to do without loss of dismantling, and the power storage battery step is most reasonable to disassemble the module level, however Battery modules produced by different manufacturers, to achieve mixing in the same system, need to consider and resolve the following system integration technology: Grouping technology: Re-pair battery modules according to parameters such as material system, capacity, internal resistance, remaining cycle life Packet and create a database. The group parameter setting is reasonable. If the parameter setting range is too large, the module is discrete, and the system has a large system performance and life; if the parameter setting range is too small, the group is too strict, which will result in Matching small modules, system integration difficulties.

System Flexible Design: Design the system structure to fully consider the size, weight, and string parallel numbers that may have different modules, so it should be a large elasticity in space, which is both compatible with different modules. Consider fastening and reliability, and consider elasticity and quick loading and unloading. 4) Recycling of economically poor automobile power lithium-ion battery must be preprocessed first, including discharge, dismantling, pulverizing, sorting.

چۇۋۇپ بولغاندىن كېيىن سۇلياۋ ۋە مېتال ئۆينى ئەسلىگە كەلتۈرگىلى بولىدۇ ، ئەمما تەننەرخى يۇقىرى: قالدۇق توك بېسىمى يەنىلا نەچچە يۈز ۋولتقا يېتىدۇ (18650 باتارېيەنى ئۆز ئىچىگە ئالمايدۇ) ، خەتەر بار. باتارېيەنىڭ تۇرالغۇسى بىخەتەر بولۇش ئۈچۈن ، ئورالما ئېلىۋەتمەسلىك شەكلىدە. پۇتنى ئېچىڭ. داۋالاشتىن بۇرۇنقى ئۇلىنىش نۇقتىسىدىن ئېيتقاندا ، ئۇ چوقۇم ئىقتىدارلىق سېتىش.

لىتىي ئىئونلۇق باتارېيە بولغان تەقدىردىمۇ ، مۇسبەت ماتېرىيالمۇ بەش گۈل ، ئاساسىي ئېقىن لىتىي كوبالتات ، لىتىي مانگان كىسلاتاسى ، لىتىي نىكېل-كوبالت ئوكسانات ، لىتىي تۆمۈر فوسفات قاتارلىقلار. كىسلاتا-ئىشقارلىق ئېرىتمىنى ئىشلىتىپ ، مېتال ئوكسىد ھەر خىل خىمىيىلىك تەرتىپلەر بىلەن چىقىرىلىدۇ. قانداقلا بولمىسۇن ، بۇ ئوكسىدلارنىڭ تەركىبلىرى ئوخشىمايدۇ ، ئارىلاشتۇرۇش تېخىمۇ تەس.

ئالدىنئالا مۇسبەت ئېلېكترود ماتېرىيالىغا ئاساسەن ، تەننەرخى تۆۋەن ئەمەس. مۇسبەت مېتالنى يىغىۋېلىش ، بۇ باتارېيەنى ئەسلىگە كەلتۈرۈش لىنىيىسىنىڭ بىرى. ئەمما بۇ پروگرامما بەك مۇرەككەپ ، 2011-يىلى مېتال باھاسى يۇقىرى بولمىسا ، شىركەت ئىشلەيدۇ.

ھازىر تاۋار ۋە رەڭلىك مېتاللار ، ئاز ئۇچرايدىغان توپا مەھسۇلاتلىرى تۆۋەن ۋادىلاردا ، بۇ ئۇسۇللارنى ئىشلىتىپ مېتالنى ئەسلىگە كەلتۈرۈش بىر قەدەر ئۈمىدسىزلەنگەن ، تېخىمۇ ئاۋارىچىلىق ئاۋارىچىلىقلار تېخىمۇ ئاۋارىچىلىق. ھازىرقى تېخنىكىلىق سەۋىيىگە ئاساسلانغاندا ، يەككە تاشلاندۇق سۇيۇقلۇق بىر تەرەپ قىلىنىدۇ ، ناچار يىغىۋېلىنغان مېتال كىرىمىنى يېيىشكە يېتىدۇ. سەلبىي ماتېرىيال گرافت (كرېمنىيلىق باتارېيە پەقەت تەجرىبىخانا ئۆلچىمى) ، ئۇ بەك ئەرزان ، پەقەت كۆمۈلۈپ قالغان داۋالاشنى تاشلىۋېتىدۇ.

تەلىيىمىزگە ، گرافتنىڭ ئۆزى مۇھىتنى بۇلغىمايدۇ ، پەقەت بوشلۇق ئىگىلەيدۇ. ھازىرقى تېخنىكىلىق شارائىتتا ، ھېچقانداق شىركەت تەشەببۇسكارلىق بىلەن يىغىۋېلىش كەسپىگە مەبلەغ سالمايدۇ. Summary: The domestic power storage battery has a wide variety, battery structure is complex and there is no fixed standard, resulting in complex recycling process, high recovery costs, the company lacks recycling enthusiasm, difficult to form industrial management, and restructuring technical means, plus government lack of supervision and encouragement Policy, power battery recycling is extremely difficult.

Second, the development direction and trend of recycling industries 1. The management system should be further clarified, and the award-throwing needs to be clearly used to strengthen the management of new energy vehicles, and the industry and market order, the industry and the Information Technology Department have established "new energy. Interim Measures for the Comprehensive Utilization of New Energy Automobile Waste Battery Comprehensive Utilization Industry Conditions for Automobile Waste Battle Battery.

Since this year, the government departments have focused on the research and development of the "Measures for the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling", the "Measures" development work, based on the manufacturer's responsibility extension system, based on the full life cycle of the power storage battery products. "Measures" cover product design, production, sales, recycling, step utilization, regeneration utilization, etc. Related responsibility.

It is also for the preparation of mandatory supervision in the future. Under the premise of environmentally friendly basic national policy, no company dare to speed up the line, even if it is only possible to put the waste battery in the warehouse, it can prevent large-scale Secondary pollution. 2.

Urgently need to establish a dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling standard system At present, my country's residual value assessment, health status evaluation, etc. Promote technological innovation and application, attacking hard, breaking through technical difficulties. For example, in terms of battery dismantling, the flexible configuration is to be subjected to segmentation, and the demolition water line is subjected to different battery packs, and when the dismantling operation flow is developed, the sections and processes of the existing pipeline should be used as much as possible.

To improve job efficiency, reduce repetitive investment. At the same time, to completely record the power battery running data during service, the manufacturer of the ladder can establish the life model of the battery module according to this data. Now the dynamic lithium-ion battery recycals technical standards, the battery capacity reaches the recovery process, and what extent can enter the next step, and what extent cannot be used again, there is no clear standard to refer to it, this must be established at the government Related specifications and standards.

Deep, if the shape size, internal structure of the power electrical module will make a more unified regulatory regulatory norm, which will save a huge expenditure of the downstream battery recovery industry, and will further reduce the battery cost used by the ladder, and remove the battery to automate battery Solution to create possible, have great help to the battery recycling industry. According to the trail news, this region is currently in brewing, I don't know if I will announce and implement it. 3.

Establish a new business operation mode, find profit points about power lithium-ion battery recycling, only non-drilling technology, improve metal smelting efficiency and reduce costs, if there is a scale effect, in the national subsidies and support policies can stand firm with After that, it can still be a big. The ladder of the dynamic lithium-ion battery uses the derivatives, the customer will have a certain obstacle to the performance, life, reliability, safety of the product in the case of informed. In terms of product promotion and application, we must fully consider the current status and demands of customers, combining a variety of business operations, and get their own interests on the basis of profitability.

Explore the effective business model of ladder use of some successful related experience, such as installment, time-time rental, earnings, dense payment, or even free supply (follow-up service), etc. Summary: At present, the operation mode of the domestic automobile power lithium-ion battery recovery industry is still in the stage of exploration, and now urgently needs government involvement, and guides the company to gradually go to the healthy development path in the development of policies and establishment. It is also necessary to establish an industry alliance together to establish a healthy industrial chain to find a feasible profit point.

Third, learn from Japan related experience until today, Japan has no special regulations for the power lithium-ion battery. However, Japanese environmental protection regulations ("Resource Effective Usage", "Energy Saving Law" and "Regeneration Law") clearly, there is no reason to make a legal lithium-ion battery to develop a law, and the law itself does not solve technical problems. ياپونىيە كارخانىسى يېڭى ئېنېرگىيە ماشىنىسى رايونىدا 10 يىلنىڭ بېشىدىكىگە قارىغاندا باشلىدى ، تويوتانىڭ Prius 1997-يىلى تۇغۇلغان.

ياپونلارنىڭ سۆزىگە قارىغاندا ، ئۇ ئەخلەتنى ئەسلىگە كەلتۈرۈشكە ئىنتايىن ئەھمىيەت بېرىدىكەن (دۆلەتنىڭ تاشلاندۇقلارنى بىر تەرەپ قىلىش نىسبىتى% 100) ، ياپونىيە يېڭى ئېنېرگىيە ماشىنىسى بارلىققا كەلگەن 5 يىل ئىچىدە ھەرىكەتچان لىتىي ئىئونلۇق باتارېيەنى يىغىۋېلىش سانائىتى زەنجىرىنى بەرپا قىلىشى كېرەك ، ئەمما ئەمەلىيەتتە ئۇنداق ئەمەس. تويوتا بولغان تەقدىردىمۇ ، نىكېل ھىدروگېن باتارېيەسىنى (ماشىنىلارنى ئارىلاشتۇرىدىغان لىتىي ئىئونلۇق باتارېيە) ئەسلىگە كەلتۈرۈڭ ، بۇ پايدىسىز قىيىنچىلىقتا ئوخشاش. Japan is until 2011 to start recycling nickel-hydrogen battery projects in local locations.

Cooperate in local, Toyota and Summit metal, with the latter world-class high-purity extraction technology, Toyota realizes multiple utilization of nickel in a hybrid vehicle dynamic lithium-ion battery, which can recover 50% nickel in the battery pack; At the same time, Toyota Chemical Engineering and Sumitomo Metal Mine is equipped with a special production line that is equivalent to 10,000 hybrid electric vehicle batteries. In 2012, Honda has made similar things to Japan's heavy chemical industrial companies. قانداقلا بولمىسۇن ، خوندا يىغىۋېلىش تۈرى يېڭى NiMH باتارېيەسى ياساشتا% 80 تىن ئارتۇق كەم ئۇچرايدىغان توپا مېتالنى ئەسلىگە كەلتۈرەلەيدۇ.

بىر نەچچە يىل ئىلگىرى ، ئارىلاش ماتورلۇق باتارېيەدە ئەسلىگە كەلتۈرۈلگەن نىكېل پەقەت داتلاشماس پولات ئىشلەپچىقىرىشقا ئىشلىتىلىدۇ. يۇقىرى ئېنىقلىقتىكى نىكېل ئېلىش ۋە ئايرىش تېخنىكىسىنىڭ تەرەققىي قىلىشىغا ئەگىشىپ ، ھازىر ئەسلىگە كەلتۈرۈلگەن نىكېلنى يېڭى باتارېيە ئىشلەپچىقىرىشقا ئىشلىتىشكە بولىدۇ. تويوتا نىكېل يىغىۋېلىش تېخنىكىسىنى چەتئەلدىكى زاۋۇتقا تەشۋىق قىلدى.

Although the recycling battery is the responsibility, the Japanese companies also rely on recycling metal (including extremely valuable rare earth elements to Japan) as a recycling industry driving force. ياۋروپادا تويوتا تېخىمۇ ئاكتىپ پوزىتسىيەنى كۆرسىتىپ بېرىدۇ ، بۇ ياۋروپانىڭ تېخىمۇ تەلەپچان مۇھىت ئاسراش بەلگىلىمىسى بىلەن مۇناسىۋەتلىك. تويوتا بۇلتۇر% 100 ئارىلاشما ماشىنا باتارېيەسىنىڭ ئەمەلگە ئاشقانلىقىنى ، ئەسلىگە كېلىش نىسبىتىنىڭ% 91 ئىكەنلىكىنى ئېلان قىلدى.

تويوتا يەنە SNAM (فرانسىيە) ، UMICORE گورۇھى (بېلگىيە) ھەمكارلىقىنى كېڭەيتتى ، كېيىنكىسى كېيىنكىسىدىن ئەسلىگە كەلتۈرۈلدى. تويوتا (لېكساسنىمۇ ئۆز ئىچىگە ئالىدۇ) ياۋروپادا 850،000 ئارىلاشما ماشىنا سېتىپ بەردى. شۇنىڭ بىلەن بىر ۋاقىتتا ، لىتىي ئىئونلۇق باتارېيەنىڭ ئۆمرىنى ئۇزارتىش ئۈچۈن ، پىششىقلاپ ئىشلەشنىڭ يۇقىرى چېكىنىڭ ئالدىنى ئالىدۇ.

تويوتا يەنە ھەرىكەتچان لىتىي ئىئونلۇق باتارېيە پەلەمپەيسىنى ئىلگىرى سۈرىدۇ. ئۆتكەن يىلى ، تويوتا خۇاڭشى بانكىسى دۆلەتلىك باغچىسىغا كامرى ئارىلاش ماتورلۇق ماشىنىنىڭ تاشلاندۇق باتارېيەسىنى ئىشلىتىدۇ. نىسسان يەنە سۇمىتومو بىلەن ھەمكارلىشىپ ، ئېلېكتر ئېنېرگىيىلىك ماشىنا ئاڭلاش ئارقىلىق قۇياش ئېنېرگىيىسىنىڭ ئىككىلەمچى ئېنېرگىيە ساقلاش سىستېمىسى سۈپىتىدە ، كېچىدە مۇستەقىل توك بىلەن تەمىنلەيدۇ ۋە يورۇقلۇق يېتەرلىك ئەمەس.

Sumitomo تىجارىتى بىلەن نىسسان بىرلەشمە شىركىتى 4Renergy شىركىتىنى قۇردى ، ئېلېكترونلۇق ماشىنا EV ئەخلەت لىتىي ئىئونلۇق باتارېيەسىنى قايتا ئىشلىتىش ئارقىلىق ، ئۇنىڭ شىركىتى بەش يىل قۇردى ، سودىدا مۇۋەپپەقىيەت قازانغان لىتىي ئىئونلۇق باتارېيە يىغىۋېلىش شىركىتىگە ئايلاندى. .