What opportunities and puzzles have been used for recycling of solar panels?

　　Author ：Iflowpower – Portable Power Station Supplier

As photovoltaic power generation plays an increasing role in renewable energy power generation, effectively reusing and repairing photovoltaic components are becoming more and more agreed, especially in low-income countries. However, according to a new study, unclear legislation and weak international electronic waste guidelines hinder the effective reuse of these components. The Belgian Non-profit organization PVCYCLECLE and European Innovation Center IMEC / Energyville introduces the current reuse market practices, risks and challenges in their exploration reports on the industry, in order to provide information to relevant authorities and stakeholders, and develop preliminary suggestion.

They pointed out that based on the report, reuse and maintenance action play a crucial role in extending the service life of photovoltaic components, as it prevents photovoltaic components from entering waste streams. After 15 years of prosperity in the early stage of the photovoltaic machine, a re-employment market using the first wave of disassembly is rising. However, as an emerging industry, the photovoltaic component is reused as an industry in an industry that is not developed and mostly uncontrolled, and the report discovered that the industry in the photovoltaic industry or waste management is the public enterprise.

There is also a lot of work in the industry or not know anything. PVCYCLE and IMEC / Energy Ville are pointed out that photovoltaic has rapidly become one of the most economical energy power generation technologies. The electricity price of photovoltaic power generation has reached 5-10 Euro / kWh, leading to its large acceleration, only more than 110 Javep's new installed capacity in 2019, currently accumulated photovoltaic capacity of 627GWP, estimated to 2025 The year will reach 1TWP or more.

With the crystal silicon (C-Si) photovoltaic module accounts for 95% of the photovoltaic market, the Tawa era of photovoltaic components is coming, according to Irena's forecast, 5 million tons of photovoltaic waste will be generated by 2030, so on scrap management Important questions are also coming. Recycling reuses the circular economy model for this mature industry, bringing significant opportunities to ensure that the photovoltaic becomes the most sustainable energy. Research report emphasizes.

At present, approximately 15 companies are active in the field of photovoltaic reuse. This market is estimated to have 500 to 600MWP each year. At the same time, the report pointed out: "Due to the retirement and photovoltaic resale market of the photovoltaic power station, the transaction volume is very difficult to estimate.

"The photovoltaic module accounts for about 40% of the total cost of the photovoltaic system, which is also the motive of commercial cases. However, the sustained rapid decline in photovoltaic components (currently dropped to 0.2-0.

3 euros / WP) and the efficiency of photovoltaic components (currently between 17% -21%), which triggered the economic feasibility of the industry. The performance and life expectancy of the second-hand photovoltaic module is low, but the financial risk is high. The main needs are in low-income markets, such as Africa, West Asia and Southeast Asian countries.

These countries seek extreme low-cost photovoltaic systems, quality and beautiful Low demand. There is still a fairly small, temporary 10MWP market in Western Europe, where the Internet price regulations usually require "very similar" components when the components are damaged. In general, in high-income countries, even in developing countries that encourage deployment of photovoltaic developments, the photovoltaic installation of new residential, commercial and utility scale is not competitive for new residential, commercial and utility scale.

Currently, the photovoltaic module for reuse is mainly from large commercial photovoltaic systems having a capacity of 10kWP to MWP, or from Europe, the United States and China's large-scale photovoltaic power station, which is damaged by bad weather, leading to All photovoltaic components are removed, although many components can be intact. The report pointed out that the most cost-effective way is to collect reusable components in the retired site, complete classification, visual, and electrical testing and records directly, even include small electrical components (cable, connector, diode) repair. Esztervoroshazi, R & D Manager of IMEC / Energyville, said that the technical guidelines and standards describe the sorting and testing steps.

Most importantly, the development of technical standards to define the reuse of components, which is necessary to use high quality requirements for reuse components. It may be worth considering that only 70% of the photovoltaic components that are still higher than its initial value can be reused, and the defective photovoltaic components are excluded, which is a slight concern for security. This requirement is currently not implemented, "Implementing this requirement will ensure the hysterity of product quality, and establish trust in customers and original equipment manufacturers.

Voroshazi supplement. In principle, the preparation of photovoltaic components will not have a negative impact on the environment, so as part of the photovoltaic circular economy, this is a desirable step. In Europe, the ecological design proposed by electrical and electronic equipment for measuring carbon dioxide footprints is expected to take action on photovoltaic components within the coming years.

Pvcycle CEO Janclyncke said this is likely to make reusing photovoltaic components more competitive and attractive. At the same time, if the second-hand components are not properly recycled, it may pose a threat to the environment. "Clyncke added:" An important note is that if the second-hand PV module does not guarantee its full recycling after the second use, then its environmental feasibility will be threatened.

Therefore, the current development of waste regulations The practice of reusable photovoltaic components in the country is caused by major environmental issues. "The research report pointed out that the reuse of photovoltaic components clearly created employment opportunities for technical skilled local labor, whether in retirement or reinstalled countries. At the same time, the labor force should be appropriately trained, according to the estimation of the RRE-USE network, can create 63 jobs per 1,000 tons of electricity and electronic waste.

It is worth noting that in order to ensure the economic feasibility of the industry, especially high-income countries retired in photovoltaic systems, they need to achieve automation of sorting, testing. Such market growth is not only for the creation of employment opportunities, but also reduces energy poverty in low-income countries, indirectly promotes further development of economies and society. In general, the legislation is not clear, the EU Committee's discarded electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) directives lack control, and there is almost completely similar legislation outside the EU, causing concerns about the serious environment and safety issues of photovoltaic components.

In the report, the author clearly said: "On the occasion of the first retired wave of the photovoltaic system, the number of photovoltaic components that can be reusable will rise rapidly, and we ask for negotiation with relevant global actors, the industry and its appropriate Careful assessment. ".