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The nano-engineers from the University of California San Diego discovered the new principle of lithium metal batteries in ultra-low temperature - electrolyte to lithium ions, the weakened. By using this weak binding electrolyte, the researchers have developed a lithium metal battery that can be repeatedly charged at zero 60 degrees Celsius, which is the first time in this field. Detailed research results were published in "Nature" (Nature ".
In the test, the concept verifies that the battery has retained 84% and 76% of the 50 cycles of -40 and -60 degrees Celsius. Researchers pointed out that such performance is unprecedented. Other lithium ion batteries used in low temperatures can be discharged at low temperatures, but when charging is charged.
This means that there must be additional heaters to use these batteries in applications such as space and deep sea exploration. And this new battery can charge and discharge at ultra-low temperature. In ultra-low temperature, lithium metal battery performance is improved.
So many efforts have been concentrated in the options that will not be so easy to freeze, and can keep lithium ions fast moving between electrodes. In this study, the researchers found that the key is not that the speed of the electrolyte mobile ion is much easier, but the degree of easy degree of depositing the ion and deposits it on the anode. Through comparison of battery performance of the two electrolytes: one is a weak electrolyte with lithium ions, the other is a strong electrolyte with lithium ion binding.
Lithium metal batteries with weak binding electrolytes are better in -60 degrees Celsius; after 50 cycles, it still runs strong. In contrast, the battery with strong combined electrolyte stops working after two cycles. After the battery cycle, the researchers separate them, compare the lithium metal deposition on the anode, found significant difference: the electrolyte binds to the cell deposition smooth, while the electrolyte bonds strong battery deposition is a bulk needle shape.
These findings enable the team to design a cathode compatible with the electrolyte and anode to achieve low temperature performance. It is a sulfur cathode, manufactured by low cost, rich and environmentally-harmful materials, no expensive transition metal. Researchers said that "the significance of this study is double.
From a scientific perspective, it proposes an instead of traditional views. It is technically, this is the first chargeable lithium metal battery, which can supply useful energy density in the case of -60 degrees Celsius. These two aspects provide a complete solution for ultra-low temperature batteries.
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