Dynamic lithium battery recovery pain points and broken ways

　　Author ：Iflowpower – Portable Power Station Supplier

I. Dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling industry development background: my country has been promoting application electric vehicles since 2009, has been more than 7 years. As the number of new energy vehicles in my country in recent years, the rapid rise in the use of the new energy vehicles, the power lithium-ion battery has begun to enter the large-scale scrap period.

A few days ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "Interim Measures for the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling". Since then, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Producer Responsibility Extension System" (hereinafter referred to as "Method"), advocating green manufacturing, protecting the ecological environment, Among them, specific requirements for automotive production and dynamic lithium ion battery recovery. my country has currently has strong technical capabilities, high environmental protection level, high-level nickel-hydrogen battery, lithium-ion battery recycling company.

Part of the automotive power lithium-ion battery is disassembled, and the recycling has carried out a lot of work. It has accumulated practical related experience; at the same time, in order to adapt to the market demand brought about by large-scale promotion of new energy vehicles, some research institutes are actively Carry out the research of the recycling process of dynamic lithium-ion battery, and jointly conduct business exploration. Second, the powerful lithium-ion battery recycling industry market forecast: the power lithium-ion battery recycling scene is from the promotion of new energy vehicles, and the market tray depends on the overall situation of new energy vehicles.

According to statistics from my country Automotive Industry Association, 2015 new energy vehicle production reached 340,500, sales of 3,311 million units, up 3.3 times higher than 3.4 times respectively.

In 2016, my country's new energy vehicle sales reached 507,000, up to 50% year-on-year, of which 329,000 new energy passenger cars. my country's new energy vehicle sales accounts for 1.8% throughout the car, and it is close to 1 million units.

my country's new energy vehicles maintain the preceding status in sales, sales volume, insurance, etc. At the same time, according to my country's electric vehicle charging infrastructure promotion alliance statistics, my country's public charging pile construction, the number of operations is close to 150,000, compared to 49,000 new increase in 2015, my country has also become the development of charging infrastructure The fastest, the largest country. It is estimated that my country's new energy vehicle sales will reach 800,000 in 2017, of which the proportion of passenger cars will increase from 65% last year to about 70%.

With the development of new energy vehicles, the demand and scrap volume of lithium-ion batteries in the vehicle will increase. It is estimated that by 2020, my country's auto-powered lithium-ion battery accumulated waste will reach 200,000 tons. As a core component of new energy vehicles, power battery shipments continue to rise high.

According to the corresponding scrap standards, 2015 domestic scrap dynamic lithium-ion battery has accumulated 20,000 to 40,000 tons, and the corresponding battery recovery rate is only 2%. According to the forecast of my country's Automotive Technology Research Center, in 2020, my country's accumulated scrap dynamic lithium-ion battery will reach 120,000 to 200,000 tons. The industry is expected that the waste power storage battery recycling market will begin from 2018, which can reach 5 billion yuan; to 2020 and 2023, the scale of waste power battery recovery will further rise to 13.

6 billion yuan and 31.1 billion yuan. Combined with factors such as car scrap years, dynamic lithium-ion battery life, predict electric vehicle power lithium-ion battery newspapers, in 2025, my country's electric vehicle power lithium-ion battery annual report or can reach 350,000 tons.

Third, the relevant policies and regulations inventory: As the number of new energy vehicles in my country in recent years, the rapid rise of some power lithium-ion batteries begins to enter the scrap period. The government attaches great importance to the recycling of dynamic lithium-ion batteries, and has begun to study relevant policies and standards. A few days ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "Interim Measures for the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling".

Since then, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Producer Responsibility Extension System" (hereinafter referred to as "Method"), advocating green manufacturing, protecting the ecological environment, Among them, specific requirements for automotive production and dynamic lithium ion battery recovery. Inventory calendar year policies, require more specific, indicating the direction of industrial development. At present, there is a powerful lithium-ion battery recycling company has Bangpu Group, Greenmei, Jintai Pavilion, Fuyuan Environmental Protection, Jiangmen Mayor You Industrial Co.

, Ltd., etc. Fourth, power lithium-ion battery recycling company and mode inventory: ladder utilization, national grid, my country Electric Academy, Beiqi New Energy, Prad, etc.

(1) Dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery process for the demand for waste dynamic lithium-ion battery, current representative important Bangu's directional circulation process and the combination of Greenmeal Social Distribution and Companies Acquisition. A: Directional circulation process (Bangu): Products - Waste-Regenerated Resources - The original product first gets the battery monomer by physically dismantling, and then cuts the outer casing, the cell; after the battery is partial ball mill, broken , Pyrolysis, leaching and other pre-treatment processes result in nickel, cobalt, manganese, and lithium, after extracting Li ions by extraction of special extractants. Remaining nickel-manganese by means of chemical salt and calcination or other means to prepare nickel-watery.

Such nickel-manganese has a comprehensive recovery rate of 98.5%, and the economy is remarkable. B: Dynamic lithium-ion battery material re-synthesis process (Chinese Academy Process Office, Central South University, Harbin Institute of Technology): Mechanical Demolition - Crush Sort - Treatment - Material Repair - Battery Reproduction.

Taking the Central South University as an example, in the case of high automation (already established in the test line), the waste battery housing is broken down into electrolyte, diaphragm, copper powder, aluminum powder, positive waste powder, negative powder. Among them, the electrolyte is recovered in the form of a mixed solution, and the positive and negative electrode material is fixed, and finally re-repairs materials that can be used as the battery. Estimation of recovery: Aluminum alloy shell, copper block, copper powder, rubber, waste plastic, stainless steel has 95% and above recovery, lithium lithium phosphate, aluminum powder, graphite also has 90% -93% recovery rate.

Economic aspects: 33.4% gross profit margin, the net interest rate 25% C: Greenmei is a recycling model for collecting and acquiring, collecting the commercial distribution and acquisition to the company's acquisition of nickel-cobalt waste. Regional part, cultivate individual buyers - establish waste battery recycling system acquisition mode: waste collection - depth circulation - deep processing; D: Jiangmen Mayor You Industrial Co.

, Ltd., Mechanical + Wet Process, Production Spherical Hydroxination Nickel, nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide, etc. E: Other progress: National Network Beijing Electric Power Company, Beijing University of Technology.

In the electric venue, electric forklift, electric power substation DC system, modified demonstration, the real test battery performance is better than lead acid batteries, the waste lithium electron power lithium-ion battery recovery line built in Beiqi new energy base, and the processing ability reaches the day 100 cells, using the regenerative method of the positive electrode material recovery rate of more than 85%, the lithium battery recovery is more than 80%, the copper foil of the polar sheet, the recovery of the aluminum foil reaches 99%, and the electrolyte can be harmlessly treated. 5. The pain points of the powerful lithium-ion battery recycling: (1) market chaos, informed coin expelled, domestic regulations, there is strict provisions for battery recycling companies, to apply for licenses, can also engage in waste battery recycling and processing.

Due to technical and funding, there is not much qualified company. On the contrary, many individuals and unsupported companies are not only technically lagging, but they don't care about environmental pollution, arbitrary discharge. They recycle batteries at a higher price, not only disrupted the market, but also buried great environmental and safety hazards.

The "my country Automobile News" reporter learned that some traders who played the ladder use the flag often purchase power lithium-ion batteries to the vehicle factory with high prices. After recovering, directly disassemble, and then sold for senile steps, fishing machines Even mobile phone charging treasure. (2) The channel problem, the system is whether the key car enterprise receives the battery through its after-sales channel, is an important issue in the industry, because the battery is sold after the owner belongs to the user.

In a sense, it is difficult to collect it from the user. If the flow of the battery is the non-formal processing company, or if it is not properly handled, the risk is uncontrollable, so the recycling link should be in the first place in the system construction management - my country Automotive Technology Research Center Automotive Industry Policy Research Office Li Yuko ( III) The market is cultivated. It is difficult to have a scale effect in 2015, after all, the sales of new energy electric vehicles is very limited.

At present, the battery is limited, leading to the company's difficulty to form scale effect. (4) The cost of use of waste batteries is higher than the cost of purchasing new batteries. It is not a core challenge.

Scrapped battery testing, dismantling, re-set, maintenance, etc. A company invoked a hundred people who uses mechanical law and wet recovery of iron-free phosphate and ion batteries, recycled 1 tons of waste phosphate dynamic lithium-ion batteries costs of 8540 yuan, while the regeneration materials are only 8110 Yuan, loss of 430 yuan. Since the lithium-ion battery recovery technology is more complicated, the recovery process cost is high, and the value of the three-yuan system is high, the lithium malamine is manganese acid, the phosphate is positive and the positive recovery value is low.

Bangp is facing this test. Yu Haijun introduced: "The mechanical dismantling cost of retired batteries is high; the chemical decomposition is difficult, high research and development costs. "Sixth, through economic analysis, the way to see the bureau: throwing policy factors and other social factors, just watching this business, making money, or reducing cost technology and capabilities.

This report tries to analyze the comparison [Greenmei] and [Huayou Cobalt Industry]. Is the lithium-ion battery recovery technique achieved electrode material manufacturers on raw material purity (performance) requirements; whether the cost of recovery of lithium-ion batteries and whether the profitability needs to meet battery manufacturers on raw material cost requirements; It is important to calculate the second problem described above; the income of the waste electronic product recycling business (unit, millions of yuan) Cobalt-free recycling business has decreased year by year by year, and stable at 22%; The cost of electronic discarding recovery business is about 70% of the cost of cobalt nickel recycling business. The purchase of waste raw materials; according to the company's 2009 listing, the company's approximately XX% cobalt nickel products come from renewable resources; Technical companies (Greenmei) cobalt product business gross profit margin compared to the gross profit margins of cobalt products of mineral dependence companies (Huayou Cobalt Industry): Cobalt and nickel physicochemical properties are very similar, industrial level high-precision separation barriers are high.

As can be seen from the above table, the gross profit margin of Greenmei, representing the recycling technology is gradually being weakened until the mineral consumable company is flat. As can be seen in this regard, the way of breaking the way is that the battery recovery company should integrate channels, expand production; on the one hand, it is necessary to improve the purity of related products; at the same time, it will be timely, constantly reduce process costs.