Ibhetri ephakathi kumphezulu inokwenza ixesha lokutshaja isithuthi sombane sibe yimizuzu embalwa kuphela

著者：Iflowpower – ຜູ້ຜະລິດສະຖານີພະລັງງານແບບພົກພາ

Thelekisa ii-supercapacitors kunye neebhetri, njengoko kubonisiwe kwibhetri ephakathi komphezulu enobunzima obuthathu be-electrode, zombini ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu. Umthombo: Uphi i-American Chemistry Society, ifana nokuphumelela kwitekhnoloji yebhetri, kodwa ayikho ibhetri. Inkampani yeNanotekinstruments, Inc.

kunye neenkampani eziphantsi kwayo, i-Angstronmaterials, Inc. ye-Ohton, iphuhliswe Inkcazo entsha, esetyenziselwa ukuyila izixhobo zokugcina amandla, ngokuxhomekeke kwi-shuttle ekhawulezayo yenani elikhulu le-lithium ion kwi-electrode, le electrode inomgangatho omkhulu wegraphene. Esi sixhobo sokugcina amandla sinokubonakala siluncedo kakhulu kwizithuthi zombane, ezinokunciphisa ixesha lokutshaja, lifinyezwe ukusuka ngaphantsi komzuzu ukusuka kwiiyure.

Ezinye izicelo zinokubandakanya ugcino lwamandla ahlaziyekayo (umzekelo, ugcino lwamandla elanga nawomoya) kunye neegridi ezikrelekrele. Abaphandi bathi esi sixhobo esitsha yibhetri ye-lithium ion yokutshintshiselana ngomsebenzi we-graphene, okanye ngaphezulu, ibhetri ephakathi kwendawo (SMCS: Surface-Mediatedcells). Nangona izixhobo zangoku zisebenzisa izinto ezingavulwanga kunye nezakhiwo, zinokudlula iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye ne-supercapacitors.

Esi sixhobo esitsha sinokubonelela nge-100 kilowatts nge-kilowatt nganye yebhetri, amaxesha angama-100 aphezulu kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion zorhwebo, amaxesha angama-10 aphezulu kune-supercapacitor. Ukuphakama koxinano lwamandla, kokukhona isantya sogqithiso lwamandla (sinokubangela isantya sokutshaja esikhawulezayo). Ukongeza, le bhetri intsha inokugcina amandla e-160 watts ngekhilogram yebhetri, enokuthelekiswa nebhetri ye-lithium-ion yorhwebo, amaxesha angama-30 aphezulu kune-supercapacitor yendabuko.

Ubuninzi bamandla obuninzi, amandla amaninzi anokugcinwa, amandla amaninzi agcinwa (kunye nomgama omde wokuqhuba wezithuthi zombane). Ukuba kukho ubunzima besixhobo esifanayo, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ekhoyo ngoku kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zingasetyenziselwa izithuthi zombane, kwaye umseki weNano Instrument kunye ne-Angerstron Materials Inkampani Umsunguli odibeneyo uJiang Bauz (Borz.jang) Kuthiwa ibhetri yethu ephakathi komhlaba iyafana nebhetri ye-lithium-ion yangoku, inokunyusa ngakumbi i-energy density.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokomgaqo, iibhetri ze-surface-mediated zingahlawuliswa kwimizuzu embalwa (ingabi ngaphantsi komzuzu omnye), kuneeyure, njengebhetri ye-lithium-ion esetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane. UJiang Bauldz kunye neqabane lakhe kwiNanotechnology Instrument Co., Ltd.

kunye neNkampani ye-Angersmia Material iye yapapasha olu cwaningo, olu luphando lwezixhobo zokugcina amandla kwisizukulwana esilandelayo, olupapashwe kutsha nje "Nano Express "(Nanoletters). Zombini iinkampani zisebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekurhwebeni kwama-nanomaterials, i-Angerstrong yeyona nano-granite inkulu kwihlabathi (NGPS: Nanographeneplatelets) umenzi. Kanye njengoko abaphandi bachaza kuphando lwabo, kukho amandla abo kunye nobuthathaka bokugcina amandla, iibhetri kunye ne-supercapacitors.

Nangona ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri ye-lithium ion (i-120-150 watt / kg) iphezulu kakhulu kune-supercapacitor (5 watt / kg), le bhetri inoxinano lwamandla aphantsi (1 kW / kg ibhetri) , Thelekisa ibhetri ye-10 kW / kg). Amaqela amaninzi ophando enze iinzame zokongeza ukuxinana kwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ukuphucula ubuninzi bamandla e-supercapacitor, kodwa ezi ndawo zimbini zinemingeni emikhulu. Ngenxa yokuba isakhelo esitsha sinikezelwa, sinokusetyenziselwa izixhobo zokugcina amandla, ngoko ke le bhetri ephakathi kwendawo ivumela abaphandi ukuba badlule le mingeni.

Phuhlisa esi sixhobo esitsha sokugcina amandla, ukunciphisa umsantsa phakathi kokusebenza kwebhetri ye-lithium ion kunye ne-supercapacitor, kwaye uJiang Bauz uthe. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, esi sikhokelo sitsha sisisiseko sokwenziwa kwezixhobo zokugcina amandla, okwenza abaphandi bafikelele ekuxinaniseni kwamandla aphezulu, kodwa kunye nokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ngaphandle kokuncama omnye komnye. I-electrode yebhetri ephakathi komphezulu inommandla omkhulu, ukuze isixa esikhulu seeoni sivale ngokukhawuleza, sizise ixesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

Umthombo: Isitshixo sokusebenza kwebhetri ephakathi kwe-American Chemistry, yi-cathode kunye ne-anode iqulethe umphezulu omkhulu wegraphene. Xa iibhetri zokuvelisa, abaphandi bafaka isinyithi se-lithium (ngendlela yeengqungquthela okanye i-foil yensimbi) kwi-anode. Kumjikelezo wokuqala wokukhupha, i-lithium i-ionized, inani le-lithium ion lizisa ngaphezu kwebhetri ye-lithium ion.

Xa ibhetri isetyenzisiwe, ezi ion zifudukela kwi-cathode ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte engamanzi, kwi-pores ye-cathode ukufikelela kwindawo enkulu yegraphene kwi-cathode. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokutshaja, inani elikhulu le-lithium ion flux lifuduka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-cathode ukuya kwi-anode. Indawo enkulu kakhulu yomphezulu we-electrode, ukuze isixa esikhulu se-ion sivale ngokukhawuleza, amandla aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla.

Abaphandi bachaza ukuba umphezulu we-electrode ye-porous (kunokuba kwi-electrode yebhloko, njengebhetri ekwibhetri), musa ukuchitha ixesha lokufaka inkqubo. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-ion ze-lithium kufuneka zifakwe phakathi kwee-electrodes, ezenza ixesha elibalulekileyo lokutshaja ibhetri. Kulo cwaningo, nangona abaphandi basebenzise inani elikhulu leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zegraphite, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegraphene (i-oxidized, iyancipha i-single-layer kunye ne-multi-layer graphene) yalungiswa, kodwa ezi zixhobo kunye noqwalaselo lwahlaziywa ngakumbi ukuze kulungiswe Esi sixhobo.

Kwelinye icala, abaphandi baceba ukuqhubela phambili ukufunda ubomi bomjikelo wale bhetri. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bafumanisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zinokugcina umthamo we-95% emva kwemijikelo ye-1000, nangona emva kwemijikelo ye-2000, akukho nto ibonisa i-dendrite. Abaphandi baceba ukuxoxa, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina i-lithium ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo.

Siqikelela ukuba urhwebo lwetekhnoloji yebhetri ephakathi akusayi kuba nemiqobo emikhulu, utshilo uJiang Bauz. Nangona igraphene yangoku ithengiswa ngexabiso eliphezulu, iNkampani ye-Angerstron Materials ngokukhutheleyo yandisa amandla emveliso yegraphene. Kulindeleke ukuba kwiminyaka eyi-1-3 ezayo, iindleko zokuvelisa i-graphite ziya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.