I-PIC microcontroller inciphisa inkqubo yokubonelela amandla ebhetri ye-lithium indlela yokuhlalutya ingxaki

Umbhali : Iflowpower - Umboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Intshayelelo Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1990, kunye nokucuthwa okuqhubekayo kweempawu zesekethe ezidibeneyo kunye nokunyuka okutsha okuhambelanayo kwi-chip density kunye nokusebenza rhoqo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuye kwaba yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwe-submicron kunye ne-deep-sub-microscale edibeneyo yoyilo lwesekethe. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okutsha okwandayo kuya kuzisa uthotho lwemiba, efana neparameter drift, ukuthembeka, iindleko zepakethe yechip entsha, njl. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenkqubo kuyilwe kuyo yonke inkqubo, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezinamandla ebhetri.

I-Microchip ye-PIC Series ye-MCU sisisombululo esihle sokuyila ukusebenza okuphezulu, iinkqubo ze-microcontroller ezinamandla aphantsi. Oku kulandelayo yindlela yoyilo lwamandla aphantsi kunye nomzekelo othile wokwazisa i-PIC microcomputer isicelo samandla aphantsi. 1 Indlela yoyilo lwamandla aphantsi Ukwenza inkqubo isebenze kumandla aphantsi, kufuneka ubeke ngokuchanekileyo uqwalaselo kunye nemowudi yokusebenza ye-microcontroller.

Oku kulandelayo kudityaniswe neyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-single-chip microcontroller yazisa indlela yoyilo lwenkqubo yamandla aphantsi. 1.1 Iindlela zokuyila ezisisiseko Kukho iitekhnoloji ezininzi zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwesistim, eyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo Imo yokulala.

Inkqubo yenza umyalelo wokulala, kwaye imo yokulala ifakiwe. Ukulala Imowudi, i-crystal imisiwe, kwaye ngeli xesha, umatshini we-single-chip kuphela i-1A yangoku phantsi kweemeko zamandla ze-3V. Xa inkqubo isebenza, i-microcontroller inokuvusa ngamaxesha athile i-microcontroller isebenzisa i-watchdog okanye isiganeko sangaphandle, isebenzisa iiswitshi zombane ukubonelela amandla kwinkqubo yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okulinda, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kokusebenza rhoqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-microcomputer ye-chip enye bukhulu kakhulu, okukhona kuphezulu ukuphindaphinda, kokukhona ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amakhulu. Ekusetyenzisweni kwe-crystal ye-32kHz, i-3V ye-voltage yokusebenza, umbane osebenzayo oqhelekileyo we-single-chip PIC12, i-PIC16 uchungechunge lwe-single-chip microcomputer yi-15A kuphela; kwaye xa i-crystal ye-4MHz, i-voltage ye-5V yokusebenza, i-current yokusebenza ye-microcontroller ifikelela kwi-MA embalwa. Kwiindawo ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, isantya esisezantsi sokungcangcazela kwekristale sisebenza kakhulu.

Ukuba i-microcontroller i-oscillation, kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintshe i-oscillation resistor ngokusebenzisa i-port ye-I / O, ngaloo ndlela utshintsha ukuhamba komsebenzi we-microcontroller, ukuphumeza iinjongo zokulondoloza amandla. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 1, i-pin enye ye-I / O inokususa ukuchasana okufanayo kwe-R1 kwimeko yokulinda, ukunciphisa ukuhamba komsebenzi we-microcontroller. Xa i-single-chip isebenza, unokuseta i-I / O pin kwimveliso kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lemveliso, ngaloo ndlela uphucula i-oscillation frequency.

1.2 Uyilo lwesekethe ye-Oscillation kuyilo lwenkqubo ye-chip enye, uyilo lwesekethe ye-oscillating yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Isekethe ye-oscillation eqhelekileyo ye-PIC yochungechunge lwe-microcontroller iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, abaqulunqi bakhetha ngokwetheyibhile yeparameter enikwe ngumenzi. Ukuba inkqubo isebenza kakuhle, ayisayi kuphinda iphuculwe. Enyanisweni, oku akufanelekanga.

Ngenxa yokuba i-Microchip&39;s microcontrollers ihluke kwimodeli kunye nenguqulo, i-voltage yokusebenza ingaphakathi kwe-2.5 ukuya kwi-5.5V, kwaye izinga lokushisa lomgangatho wemoto linokuba kuluhlu lwe -40 ~ -125 ° C, ngelixa kuphela inani elilinganiselwe leemeko ezinikezelwayo.

Iiparamitha zangempela zokusingqongileyo zichaphazela ukusebenza kwesekethe ye-oscillation. Njengamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, i-voltage ephantsi inokunciphisa inzuzo ye-oscillation loop, kunye nokunciphisa i-oscillation frequency okanye kunzima ukuyiqalisa; ubushushu obuphantsi, amandla ombane aphezulu angenza ukuba i-loop izuze, ukuze ikristale iqhutywe, kukho ingozi eyonakeleyo enokubakho okanye umsebenzi wesekethe oscillating Ukunyuka kwexesha eliphakamileyo le-harmonic ukunyuka, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla enkqubo. Ke ngoko, indlela yokuyila ngokuchanekileyo isekethe ye-oscillation yenkqubo iyimfuneko.

Malunga ne-PIC series microcontroller, amanyathelo oyilo ngokubanzi alandelayo: 1 Khetha i-crystal oscillator. Khetha ikristale ngokwenkqubo ye-oscillation frequency. Ukongeza, iqondo lokushisa elisebenzayo kunye nokuzinza rhoqo kwe-crystal oscillator nayo isalathiso esibalulekileyo.

2 Khetha uhlobo lwe-oscillator. Uchungechunge lwe-PIC lwe-microcomputer ye-single-chip ineendlela ze-oscillation ezifana ne-RC, LP, XT, HS. Ukongeza kwimodi ye-RC, ukhetho lwemodi ye-oscillation ngokwenene lukhetho lokuzuza kwe-loop.

Inzuzo ephantsi ihambelana ne-oscillation frequency ephantsi, inzuzo ephezulu ihambelana ne-oscillation frequency. Ngokubanzi, ngokwexesha lokwenyani lokusebenza, jonga kwincwadi yedatha oza kuyikhetha. 3 Khetha C1, C2.

Ngokufanelekileyo, qinisekisa ukuba inkqubo inokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye ne-voltage ephantsi yokusebenza, ukwenzela ukuba i-capacitor ingaphakathi kwendawo yencwadana yedatha. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-C2 ikhethwa ukuba ibe nkulu kuneC1 yokwandisa ukutshintshwa kwesigaba, ukwenzela ukuba ihambelane namandla-kumandla wesiphaluka se-oscillation. 4 Khetha RS.

Ezi parameters zingentla zikhethiweyo ukumisela ubungakanani beRS. Indlela elula kukuvumela inkqubo ukuba isebenze kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye ne-voltage ephezulu, ngeli xesha, kufuneka ibe yi-amplitude ephezulu yokukhupha i-clock circuit. Imveliso ye-waveform ye-pin OSC2 ibonwa nge-oscilloscope (qaphela ukuba i-probe ye-oscilloscope iya kwazisa i-capacitor kwisekethe, ngokubanzi i-pf embalwa), ukuba i-peak (ukufumana i-VDD) ye-sine wave (ukufumana i-CSS) isicaba okanye ucinezele i-Flat, i-illustrated drive overload, yongeza phakathi kwe-2K, i-OSC 2, i-1K 2ωEkhohlo nasekunene okanye ngaphantsi kwe-1Kω.

I-RS ayifanele ibe enkulu kakhulu, ngokubanzi, ukwenzela ukuba igalelo kunye nemveliso ibe yodwa, kukho ingxolo enkulu. Xa ufumanisa ukuba i-RS ​​enkulu inokuphelisa umqhubi, unokongeza umthwalo we-capacitor C2 ukubuyisela. I-C2 ikhethwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-15 ~ 33PF.

Uyilo lwesekethe ye-oscillation yenkqubo ichaphazeleka kakhulu ngokuzinza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa inkqubo ivuka kwi-SLEEP state, isiphaluka se-oscillating sisona sinzima kakhulu ukuqala (ngokukodwa inkqubo isebenza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphantsi, i-frequency ephantsi). Ngeli xesha, i-resistor RS iququzelela ukuqala kwesekethe ye-oscillation, njengoko ukuxhatshazwa kwefilimu yekhabhoni engabizi kuxhomekeke kwingxolo emhlophe, ngaloo ndlela inceda isiphaluka.

Ukongeza, khetha i-C2 inkulu kancinane kuneC1 ukunyusa ukutshintshwa kwesigaba, esibuye sincede kwimvelaphi yesiphaluka. 2 Umzekelo wesicelo esicacileyo 2.1 Inkqubo yokuqulunqwa kwenkqubo kunye nenkqubo ye-diagram ye-block Kubalulekile yi-PIC microcontroller, i-audio decoding coaching circuit, isiphaluka esidibeneyo sezwi, i-interface circuit, i-VCC power control circuit, i-radio frequency transmit circuit, kunye ne-EEPROM, inokugqiba ukulawula kunye neebini zezixhobo zendlu I-alamu icela ukuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kolwazi lwezwi, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.

2.2 UMlawuli oSebenzayo * Xa inombolo yefowuni (emva koku kuthiwa ngumatshini wendawo) ikwisikrini esisodwa, i-voltage ye-input yomgca wefowuni itshintsha, ibangela ukuba i-CD40106 itshintshe, igalelo kwi-CPU RB0 isignali yokuphazamisa ibonakala, ivuse i-CPU, umlawuli ungene kwindawo yokusebenza. Lawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomlawuli ngetreyi yecoamental yomatshini wendawo.

Njengokulawula iTV, iaudio, ukukhanya kunye namanye amandla ombane. * Xa umlawuli efumana isignali yokukhala, inqanaba le-4 lokuphuma kwe-pin ye-CD40106 iyatshintsha, kwaye isignali yokuphazamisa igalelo, i-CPU inomqondiso wokuphazamiseka, kwaye i-CPU ingena kwisimo sokusebenza, kwaye isibonakaliso sokukhala sibalwa; ukufikelela kwinombolo yentsimbi ebekiweyo, Faka isilawuli kwisimo sokwamkela ifowuni, qalisa ukufumana i-remote transmission ye-DTMF uphawu, kwaye umqondiso ofunyenwe ngumqondiso we-MT8880 ukhutshwe kwi-microcontroller kwi-chip eyodwa, idatha igcinwe kwirejista, iqhutywe yi-CPU, ilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomlawuli. * Xa umlawuli esebenza njenge-alamu kwaye ekwimeko ye-alamu, i-alarm probe ibona imeko yokuthintela indawo; xa i-probe ikhupha ulwazi lwamapolisa kumlawuli, faka i-CPU ye-RB5 isignali yokuphazamisa, umlawuli ungena kwisimo sokusebenza, ukusuka kwi-chip ye-EEPROM Funda inombolo yefowuni ye-alarm esethiwe ngaphambili, iguqulelwe kwiimpawu ze-DTMF, ukudayela ngokuzenzekelayo, ukudlulisa ulwazi kumsebenzisi okanye i-alamu ngqo kwifom yezwi.

2.3 I-Application Circuit (1) I-Telephone Interface Circuit Phone and Controller Adopt Controller Ngaphambili, ifowuni iqhagamshelwe kwi-series, ifowuni inokuqonda ukulawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yefowuni kwisilawuli. I-interface circuit iquka i-overvoltage protection circuit, i-polar conversion circuit, kunye ne-interrupt request circuit, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-FIG.

Isekethe yokukhusela i-Over-pressure. I-resistor ebuthathaka yoxinzelelo lwe-R yongezwa kwi-loop yomgca wefowuni, omfutshane-ojikelezayo xa i-voltage kuwo wonke amaphelo amabini inkulu kune-voltage yayo yokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela i-post-level circuit ukusuka kwiingozi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Xa i-voltage yongezwa kwiziphelo zayo ezimbini ngaphantsi kwe-voltage yayo yokusebenza, ukuxhathisa ukuxhatshazwa koxinzelelo kuvulekile, akukho mpembelelo kumsebenzi wesiphaluka se-post-level.

Kolu luyilo, i-voltage esebenzayo yoxinzelelo olubuthathaka loxinzelelo yi-220V. Iisekethe ezi-2 zokuguqulwa kwepolarity. Ekubeni umqondiso we-AC uhanjiswa kumgca wefowuni, ukwenzela ukulungisa i-polarity yesiginali, ibhuloho yongezwa kwisiphaluka, kwaye ukulungiswa kwamaza ngokupheleleyo kwenziwa.

3 Ukuphazamisa isicelo sesekethe. Ukwandisa ixesha lokusebenza kwebhetri, i-CPU ikwimo yokulondoloza izandla kwindawo yokulinda, kwaye i-CPU ivusa i-CPU xa umsebenzi womlawuli ulawulwa xa ifowuni ekude kunye nomatshini wendawo iphunyezwa.