Indlela yokutshaja ibhetri yeLithium-ion yokugcina amandla

著者：Iflowpower – Portable Power Station ပေးသွင်းသူ

Xa kuthelekiswa nobuchwepheshe obudala obufana ne-nickel-cadmium, i-lithium-ion battery chemistry iteknoloji iphucula kakhulu ukuxinana kwamandla ezixhobo eziphathekayo, kwaye ilandela ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokusebenza kwezi nkqubo xa ukutshaja okukodwa. I-self-discharge ratio ye-lithium-ion ibhetri isiqingatha se-nickel-cadmium kunye ne-nickel metal hydrides, ekwanceda i-shelf life, ivumela izixhobo ukuba zihlawule, ukuze abathengi bangabikho ukuthenga ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Ukungalungi kwe-lithium ion kuyinkimbinkimbi kuneteknoloji endala kunekhemistri yokuqala.

Nangona kunjalo, ulawulo olulumkileyo lunokusetyenziswa ukwandisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla e-lithium ion, kungekuphela nje ukubonelela ngamava angcono, kodwa kukuvumela ukuba unciphise uyilo lwakho ukuze usebenzise iibhetri ezincinci. Ekubeni ibhetri ibala umlinganiselo obalulekileyo kubukhulu kunye nobunzima besixhobo esinxitywayo, iyamangalisa ngokutshintsha isekethe yokutshaja kwenye isekethe yokutshaja. Ingxaki ephambili yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion kungenxa yokuba zinovelwano kakhulu ekutshajweni okugqithisileyo, kuba i-voltage ephezulu kakhulu inokubangela uxinzelelo lwempahla, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ubomi bebhetri.

Ukuba intlawulo idlula i-voltage ye-4.2V ngebhetri, baya kuzisa ingozi yokhuseleko. Iisekethe zokutshaja eziphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi zinokuhlawulwa ngaphezulu, kuba ibhetri ayifikeleli kumda wangempela.

Basebenzisa iindlela ezibizwa ngokuba yi-charge and running strategy, esi sicwangciso sinenzuzo yokuba sijongeka ngokukhawuleza. Esi sicwangciso sisebenzisa iimpawu ze-lithium ion yokutshaja ijika, enokuthi ihlulwe ibe yizigaba ezine eziphambili. Inqanaba lokuqala lisebenzisa umsinga ongaguqukiyo ukunika ibhetri.

Ngebhetri, amandla ayo ombane angaphezulu okanye angaphantsi. I-voltage iyancipha kwindawo ephakamileyo, ngelo xesha ishaja inokumisa. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela malunga ne-85% yentlawulo ngeli xesha, okukhokelela ekubeni ixesha lokusetyenziswa libe liphantsi kwithiyori.

Ukongeza, ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, i-cutoff voltage idla ngokusetwa ngaphantsi komthamo omkhulu wombane, ngakumbi ukunciphisa umrhumo omkhulu osetyenziswa kwibhetri. I-cutoff voltage yi-3.8V kunobuninzi obuqhelekileyo obuyi-4.

I-2V, ngoko ke i-60% yomthamo webhetri ikhona. Ukutshaja okuseleyo kwenziwa ngexesha lokugcwala okanye isigaba sombane esingaguqukiyo. Nangona itshaja ekhawulezayo inokunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukufikelela kwisigaba sokugcwalisa ngokongeza umsinga wokutshaja, oku kunempembelelo yokwandisa isigaba sokuzalisa, kwaye ilawula ngononophelo nangokuchanekileyo inqanaba lokuzalisa ukugada uxinzelelo.

Umzobo 1: Inqanaba lokutshaja iibhetri ze-lithium ion, kubandakanywa nezigaba zokulungiswa kwe-thermal phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa. Kunzima ukuvavanya ibhetri egcwele ukuphuphuma, ngoko ixesha okanye inqanaba langoku lisetyenziswa njenge-proxy ukubonisa ukuba ibhetri sele isondele ekutshajisweni okupheleleyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukutshaja kwesaturation kumalunga neeyure ezimbini, ngaloo ndlela kubonelelwa ngeseti yexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ngexesha lokutshaja kwe-saturation, isalathisi sangoku siyehla. Xa ikhoyo ngoku ifikelela malunga ne-3% yezinga elisetyenziswe kwisigaba sokuqala, ibhetri ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengetyala ngokupheleleyo kwaye inkqubo inokuyeka. I-voltage esetyenziswa ngexesha lokutshaja okugcweleyo ihlengahlengiswa ibe yipesenti enye okanye ngaphezulu.

Iisekethe ezenza intlawulo egcweleyo zingasebenzisa uvavanyo lwangoku kunye nokucinezela ukulawula iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuba amandla aya kunqunyulwa emva kwexesha elithile, kwaye i-lithium yensimbi iqokelele, ibangele umlilo. Ubushushu bukwaluncedo kulawulo lokutshaja. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kuncinci, ibhetri ayiyi kufakwa.

Nje ukuba ungene kwisigaba sokugcwalisa, ibhetri iya kuba shushu ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, inzwa yokushisa ihambelana nokuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ayiyi kudlula kwaye ibe nomngcipheko okhuselekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Abavelisi bebhetri baya kubonelela ngomda okhuselekileyo wokushisa kwiimveliso zabo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo babonelele nge-thermistors enokusetyenziswa kunye nee-ADCs okanye iisekethe zokuthelekisa kwisekethe yetshaja kwipakethi yebhetri.

Inkqubo yokutshaja kufuneka ihlawulwe phambi kokuncipha kobunzulu. Oku kusebenzisa ukutshaja okuncinci ukuqalisa kwakhona ibhetri ehlawuliswayo - kuvavanywa amandla ombane wabo azakuba ngaphantsi kwe-3V. Nje ukuba inkqubo ye-trickle inikwe intlawulo eyaneleyo, amandla ombane aya kunyuka aye kwi-3V okanye ngaphezulu kwaye inkqubo yesiqhelo yokutshaja yenqanaba lokuqala inokuthatyathwa.

I-Linglurt&39;s LTC4065 itshaja ye-IC isebenzisa iphakheji encinci ye-DFN enikezela indlela yokucwangcisa i-loops yempendulo ukuxhasa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja ezifunekayo kwiibhetri ze-lithium ion. Isixhobo sixhasa iindlela zokutshaja rhoqo zangoku kunye nezingatshintshiyo zombane, kunye neqondo lobushushu elingaguqukiyo ukuvumela ukutshaja okusebenzayo kufutshane nebhetri. Ukuze kuxhaswe ukutshaja kobushushu obuphezulu, i-LTC4065 inomda wesiphaluka somda wobushushu.

Oku kunokuseta umjelo wokutshaja ngokuhambelana neqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo (kunokuba libi kakhulu), kwaye uqinisekise ukuba itshaja iyancitshiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwimeko embi kakhulu. Kwi-LTC4065, ii-loops ezintathu ze-amplifiers zilawula ngokuqhubekayo, i-voltage engaguqukiyo, kunye nemo yokushisa eqhubekayo. I-loop yesine yempendulo ye-amplifier isetyenziselwa ukongeza i-impedance yemveliso yesibini somthombo wangoku ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-drain yangoku enye iphindwe kaliwaka le-drain yesibini yangoku.

I-loop yempendulo eyahlukileyo yokusebenza kwangoku kunye nokusebenza rhoqo kwamandla ombane kunyanzelisa itshaja ngokusekelwe kuyo nayiphi na imodeli ezama ukunciphisa umsinga wokutshaja. Enye imveliso ye-amplifier igcwele, ephelisa ngokufanelekileyo i-loop yayo kwinkqubo. Xa ikwimo eqhubekayo yangoku, iqhutywa ngokuchanekileyo kwi-1v.

Iprog pin yokucwangcisa okwangoku ngokusebenzisa ipesenti yokunyamezela ukunyamezela (rPROG). Xa imowudi ye-voltage eqhubekayo ithandwa, i-voltage loop eqhubekayo iqhuba igalelo layo eliguquliweyo kwi-voltage yereferensi yangaphakathi. Isahluli sangaphakathi se-resistor siqinisekisa ukuba umbane webhetri uhlala kwi-4.

I-2V.Prog pin voltage ingabonisa kwakhona ukutshaja okwangoku kwimowudi yombane rhoqo. Kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo, ixesha lokutshaja liqala ngemo eqhubekayo-yangoku - ikhoyo ngoku ehanjiswa kwibhetri ilingana ne-1000V / rProg.

Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-LTC4065 kusondele 115°C, iamplifier yobushushu bomda iya kuqalisa ukuthoba umji wokutshaja, ukunciphisa ubushushu be-chip malunga 115°C. Nje ukuba imowudi yothintelo lobushushu iphumile, i-LTC 4065 iya kubuya imowudi yangoku okanye ingenise imowudi yombane eqhubekayo ukusuka kwimowudi yobushushu obungaguqukiyo. Ingaba imowudi, i-voltage ye-PIN ye-PROG ilingana nokhoyo oziswa kwibhetri.

I-internal press-of-time circuitry kunye nolawulo lokutshaja oluphucukileyo luye lwaphucula imisebenzi efunekayo yokulawula ibhetri ye-lithium-ion esebenzayo. Isixhobo sinika i-0.6% yokuchaneka kwamandla ombane adadayo, kuphela amacandelo amabini angaphandle.

Xa amandla okufaka esusiwe, i-LTC4065 ingena ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo ephantsi kwaye ukuvuza kwebhetri kuthotywa 1μA ngezantsi. Emva kokusetyenziswa kombane, i-LTC4065 inokungena kwimodi yokuvala kwaye ilahle umbane kwi-20.

μA ngezantsi. Umzobo 2: Itshati yemo yokutshaja yokuqukuqela i-LTC4065 isigqibo esifana nesi. Ngokufana ne-LTC4065, i-MaximIntegrated MAX1551 nayo inemisebenzi yokunciphisa i-thermal, ukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuthintelwa ngokushushu yeyona meko imbi kakhulu yebhetri kunye nombane wokufaka.

Xa umda wokushisa ufikeleleke, i-MAX 15551 kunye ne-MAX 1555 ayiyi kuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukutshaja, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe iyanciphisa umbane wokutshaja, onceda ukugcina umsebenzi xa upholisa kwinkqubo. Iphakheji ye-SOT23 isetyenzisiweyo, efana ne-MAX1551 kunye ne-MAX 1555, i-MCP73811 ephuhliswe yi-Microchiptechnology ibonelelwa ngoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kunye nokutshaja rhoqo kwangoku, okokugqibela kucwangciswe kuphela ukuchasana kwangaphandle, kwaye ixhotyiswe nge-built-in sensor control control limit limit limiting. Uluhlu lwe-BQ2409X lwe-Texas Instruments (TI) sisixhobo sokushaja esidityanisiweyo kakhulu, sijongene nokusetyenziswa okuphathekayo okujoliswe kwindawo.

Ezi ICs zenzelwe amandla ezibuko le-USB okanye azinakuhlengahlengiswa iiadaptha ze-AC ezinoluhlu oluphezulu lwamandla ombane kunye nokhuseleko lwe-overvoltage yegalelo. I-BQ2904X yenza uhlengahlengiso, ukutshaja rhoqo kwangoku kunye nokutshaja kombane rhoqo. Kuzo zonke izigaba zokutshaja, i-loop yolawulo lwangaphakathi ihlola ubushushu be-IC junction kunye nombane ophantsi wokutshaja xa udlula iqondo lokushisa langaphakathi.

Nangona udibaniso lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ukuhlawulisa ubuchule buvumela ukwakha iinkqubo eziphathekayo kunye nezinxitywayo ukwenza ulwakhiwo oluphathekayo kunye neenkqubo ezithwalayo zenze ixesha elide, umsebenzi omde kakhulu unikezelwa, kwaye ubungakanani bebhetri bunokuncipha. Olona rhwebo lulungileyo phakathi kokuncinci ukuya kobunzima kunye nobomi. .