Uhlalutyo lwesizathu sohlalutyo lwe-lithium yebhetri yokunciphisa amandla

2022/04/08

Umbhali :Iflowpower-Umboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Kwibhetri ye-ion ye-lithium, ibhalansi yomthamo ibonakaliswa njengomlinganiselo wobunzima be-electrode eyakhayo kwi-electrode engalunganga, eyile:γ= m + / m- =δXC- /δI-YC + ifomula ephezulu C ibhekisa kumthamo wethiyori we-coulomb ye-electrode,δencinci,δI-Y ibhekisela kwi-chemical metering ye-lithium ion efakwe kwi-electrode engafanelekanga kunye ne-electrode efanelekileyo. Inokubonwa kule fomyula ingentla ukuba ubungakanani bobunzima beepali ezimbini buxhomekeke kwinani le-coulomb umthamo kunye ne-lithium ion eguqukayo ngokuhambelana nezibonda ezimbini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umlinganiselo omncinci wobunzima ubangela ukusetyenziswa okungaphelelanga kwezinto ze-electrode ezimbi; umlinganiselo omkhulu wobunzima unokuba nobungozi bokhuseleko ngenxa ye-electrode engalunganga ebekwe ngaphezulu kwesitulo.

Ngamafutshane, kowona mlinganiselo uphuculweyo womgangatho, ukusebenza kwebhetri kugqibelele. Inxulumene nenkqubo yebhetri ye-Li-ION efanelekileyo, kwixesha layo lokujikeleza, ubuninzi bomxholo awutshintshi, kwaye umthamo wokuqala kumjikelezo ngamnye uxabiso elithile, kodwa imeko yangempela inzima kakhulu. Nayiphi na impendulo esecaleni enokuthi ibonakale okanye idle i-ion ze-lithium okanye ii-electron zingabangela utshintsho kwi-balance balance umthamo webhetri, emva kokuba ibhalansi yamandla ebhetri yenzeke, olu tshintsho alunakuguqulwa, kwaye lunokuqokelela ngemijikelezo emininzi, kwaye ukusebenza kwebhetri kwenzeka.

Impembelelo enzulu. Ukongeza, ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwe-oxidation ye-ion ye-lithium, kukho inani elikhulu leempendulo zecala, ezifana nohlalutyo lwe-electrolyte, ukuchithwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo, ukuchithwa kwe-metal lithium, njl. ihlawuliswa kakhulu, i-ion ye-lithium iyancitshiswa ngokulula kwindawo engafanelekanga: i-lithium egciniweyo ihlanganiswe ne-negative surface, ivimba i-lithium embedding.

Ukusebenza kokukhutshwa kuncitshisiwe kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla, i-original: i-1 inokunciphisa i-lithium ye-cyclic; I-2 ifakwe i-lithium yensimbi kunye ne-solvent okanye i-electrolyte yokuxhasa ukwenza i-Li2CO3, i-LIF okanye ezinye iimveliso; I-3 yensimbi ye-lithium idla ngokuqulunqwa phakathi kwe-electrode engafanelekanga kunye ne-diaphragm, mhlawumbi I-pores ye-diaphragm yokuthintela yandisa ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri; Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukuxinana okukhulu kwangoku, i-polarization embi kakhulu, ukubekwa kwe-lithium kuya kucaca ngakumbi. Le meko kulula ukwenzeka kwisihlandlo se-electrode engalunganga esebenzayo.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yezinga eliphezulu lokutshaja, ukufakwa kwe-lithium yensimbi kunokwenzeka nokuba umlinganiselo we-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative esebenzayo yinto eqhelekileyo. 2, impendulo echanekileyo echanekileyo iphantsi kakhulu xa i-electrode esebenzayo yokuxhathisa iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukuyibiza. Utshintsho oluhle lubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngenxa yokwenzeka kwezinto ze-electrochemical inert (ezifana ne-CO3O4, MN2O3, njl.

), ephazamisa ukulingana kwamandla phakathi kwe-electrodes, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwayo kwamandla akunakubuyiselwa. (1) liycoo2liycoo2→(1-y) / 3 [CO3O4 + O2 (G)] + Ylicoo2Y<0.4 Simultaneous positive electrode material analyzes oxygen in a sealed lithium ion battery to analyze the oxygen due to the absence of re-reactive reaction (such as the formation of H2O) and the combustible gas in the electrolyte analysis At the same time, the consequences will be unimaginable.

(2)λ-MnO2 lithium manganese reaction yenzeka kwimeko apho i-lithium manganese oxide idecentre ngokupheleleyo:λ-Mno2→Mn2O3 + O2 (G) 3, i-electrolyte i-oxidized xa i-electrolyte i-oxidized xa uxinzelelo luphezulu kune-4.5V, kunye ne-electrolyte (umz.

, Li2CO3) kunye negesi i-oxidized, kwaye ezi zinto zingaxutywanga ziya kuthintela i-micropores ye-electrode. Ukufuduka kwe-lithium ion kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngexesha lokujikeleza. Ukuchaphazela umlinganiselo wezinga le-oxidation: Uhlobo kunye nobukhulu bommandla wendawo ye-agent conductive (carbon black, njl.

) idityaniswe yinto efanelekileyo ye-electrode yezinto eziphathekayo kwindawo yokuqokelela ubungakanani (ikhabhoni emnyama, njl.njl.) kwisisombululo se-electrolytic esisetyenziswa ngoku, i-EC / DMC ithathwa njengowona mandla aphezulu oxidation. Inkqubo ye-electrochemical oxidation yesisombululo ibonakaliswa ngokubanzi njenge: isisombululo→Iimveliso ze-oxidation (iigesi, izisombululo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo) + NE-nayiphi na i-oxidation ye-solvent inokunyusa ukuxinwa kwe-electrolyte, ukuzinza kwe-electrolyte kuyancipha, kwaye umthamo webhetri ekugqibeleni.

Masithi utya indawo encinci ye-electrolyte ngalo lonke ixesha itshajiswa, ngoko ke i-electrolyte eninzi ikwindibano yebhetri. Kwizikhongozeli eziqhubekayo, oku kuthetha ukuba inani elincinci lezinto ezisebenzayo lilayishiwe, okuya kubangela ukuhla kwamandla okuqala. Ukuqhubela phambili, ukuba imveliso eyomeleleyo iyenzeka, ifilimu ye-passivation yenziwa kumphezulu we-electrode, eya kubangela ukuba ibhetri inyuse amandla ombane webhetri.

I-2 yokuqala: I-Electrolyte (Ukubuyisela kwakhona) I Kuhlalutyo lwe-electrode 1 Ukunciphisa umthamo webhetri, ukusabela kokunciphisa i-electrolyte ngokuchasene nomthamo webhetri kunye nobomi obujikelezayo kuya kuchaphazela kakubi, kwaye ngenxa yokunciphisa igesi ukunyusa ibhetri, ngaloo ndlela kukhokelela kukhuseleko. imiba. I-voltage yokuhlalutya i-electrode echanekileyo idla ngokuba nkulu kune-4.5V (enxulumene ne-Li / Li +), ngoko akulula ukuyihlalutya kwizinto ezilungileyo.

Kunoko, i-electrolytes iyahluka kakhulu ukuhlalutya. I-2, i-electrolyte ihlalutywa kwi-electrode engalunganga: i-electrolyte ayikho phezulu kwigraphite kunye nezinye i-pithonal carbon negatives, kwaye kulula ukusabela ukuba ayinakuguqulwa. Uhlalutyo lwesisombululo se-electrolytic ngexesha lokuhlawula okuphambili kunye nokukhutshwa kuya kwenza ifilimu ye-passivation ebusweni be-electrode, kwaye ifilimu ye-passivation inokuthintela uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lwe-electrolyte kunye ne-carbon negative electrode.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuzinza kwesakhiwo se-carbon negative electrode kugcinwa. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa i-electrolyte kunqunyelwe kwisigaba sokubunjwa kwefilimu ye-passivation, kwaye inkqubo ayisekho xa umjikelezo uzinzile. Ukunciphisa ukubunjwa kwetyuwa ye-electrolyte yefilimu ye-passivation ibandakanyeka ekubunjweni kwefilimu ye-passivation, eququzelela ukuzinza kwefilimu ye-passivation, kodwa izinto ezichithwayo ezincitshisiweyo kwi-solvent zichaphazeleka kakubi yimveliso yokunciphisa i-solvent. ; (2) Ukunciphisa ityuwa ye-electrolyte Ukuxinwa kwesisombululo se-electrolytic kwancitshiswa, kwaye ekugqibeleni kubangele amandla ebhetri (ukunciphisa i-LiPF6 ukuvelisa i-LIF, i-LiXPF5-X, i-PF3O kunye ne-PF3); (3) Ukuqulunqwa kwefilimu ye-passivation kukusebenzisa i-lithium ion, enokubangela ukuba umthamo we-polar ungalingani.

Ibhetri yonke iyancipha. (4) Ukuba kukho ukuqhekeka kwifilimu ye-passivation, i-molecule ye-solvent ingatshintshelwa ukwenza ifilimu ye-passivation igxininise, engayisebenzisi kuphela i-lithium eninzi, kodwa iyakwazi ukuvala i-micropores phezu kwekhabhoni, okubangela i-lithium. ayikwazi kuzinziswa kwaye ikhutshwe Isiphumo sokuphulukana nesakhono esingenakubuyiseka. Yongeza ezinye izongezo ze-inorganic, ezifana ne-CO2, N2O, CO, SO2, njl.

, inokukhawulezisa ukubunjwa kwefilimu ye-passivation, kwaye inokuthintela isimboli kunye nohlalutyo lwe-solvent, kunye nokongezwa kwesithsaba se-ether organic additive inefuthe elifanayo, apho i-12 isithsaba i-4 ether ingcono kakhulu. Izinto ezibangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okwenza ifilimu: (1) Uhlobo lwekhabhoni; (2) izithako ze-electrolyte; (3) izongezo kwi-electrode okanye i-electrolyte. I-BLYR ikholelwa ukuba i-ion exchange reaction iqhubela phambili ukusuka kumphezulu wezinto ezisebenzayo ukuya kumbindi wayo, isigaba esitsha esakhiweyo singcwatywa, kwaye umphezulu wamasuntswana wenza i-ion ephantsi kunye ne-electron conductivity, ngoko ke i-spinel emva kokugcinwa.

I-polarization engaphezulu kunokugcinwa. I-ZHANG ifumanisa ukuchithwa okuthelekisayo kwe-AC impedance spectrum ngaphambi nangemva kwezinto ze-electrode, kunye nenani elitsha lemijikelezo, ukuchasana komgangatho we-surface passivation kuye kwanda, kwaye i-interface capacitance iyancitshiswa. Ukubonakaliswa kobunzima bomgca we-passivation wongezwa kunye nenani lemijikelo.

Ukuchithwa kwe-manganese kunye nokuhlalutya kwe-electrolyte kubangela ukubunjwa kwefilimu ye-passivation, kunye neemeko eziphezulu zokushisa zilungele ngakumbi ezi mpendulo. Oku kuya kubangela ukuchasana okungathanga ngqo kwezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nokunyuka kwe-Li + yokufuduka kwe-migration, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa i-polarization yebhetri, kwaye umrhumo kunye nokukhutshwa akuphelelanga, kwaye umthamo uyancitshiswa. Isisombululo se-II electrolytic reductant mechanism ye-electrolyte ihlala iqulethe ukungcola okunje ngeoksijini, amanzi, ikharbon diokside, kunye neempendulo ze-oxidative zenzeka ngexesha lebhetri kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha.

Indlela yokunciphisa i-electrolyte ibandakanya ukunciphisa i-solvent, ukunciphisa i-electrolyte kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola iinkalo ezintathu: i-1, ukunciphisa i-PC yokunciphisa i-solvent kunye ne-EC ibandakanya ukusabela kwe-electron kwinkqubo yesibini yokusabela kwe-elektroniki, iifom ze-electron yesibini ze-Li2CO3: i-FONG, njl. ., okokuqala Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, amandla e-electrode asondele kwi-O.8V (vs.

li / li +), i-PC / EC ivelisa i-electrochemical reaction kwi-graphite, ivelisa i-CH = CHCH3 (G) / CH2 = CH2 (G) kunye ne-LiCO3 (s) , Okubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungenakuguqulwa kwi-electrode yegraphite. I-Aurbach et al kwiindidi ezininzi zokunciphisa i-electrolyte kunye neemveliso zayo kwi-metal lithium electrode kunye ne-carbon-based electrode, yafumanisa ukuba i-RocO2Li kunye nepropylene yenzeke kwi-electronic reaction mechanism ye-PC. I-Roco2li inochuku kakhulu ekulandeleni amanzi.

Imveliso eqinile yiLi2CO3 kunye nepropylene, kodwa akukho Li2CO3 kwimeko yokomisa. U-Ein-Eliy wabika ukuba i-electrolyte eyenziwe nge-diethyl carbonate (DEC) kunye ne-diomethymethane (DMC), i-reaction reaction iyenzeka kwibhetri, kwaye i-methyl carbonate (EMC) yenziwe, kwaye kukho ukulahleka okuthile kokulahlekelwa kwamandla. Impembelelo.

I-2, i-reaction yokunciphisa i-electrolyte yokunciphisa i-electrolyte ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengebandakanyeka ekubunjweni kwendawo ye-carbon electrode, kwaye ngoko ke, iindidi kunye nokugxininiswa kwayo kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-carbon electrode. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuncitshiswa kwe-electrolyte kunegalelo ekuzinzeni kwendawo yekhabhoni, kwaye kunokwenza umaleko ofunekayo wokudlula. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba i-electrolyte exhasayo ilula ukunciphisa kune-solvent, kunye nokufakwa kwemveliso yokunciphisa kwifilimu egciniweyo ye-electrode kwaye ichaphazela amandla okunciphisa ibhetri.

Iimpendulo ezininzi zokunciphisa ezixhasa i-electrolytes zinokuthi zenzeke ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 3, umxholo wamanzi ekunciphiseni ukungcola (1) Umthamo wamanzi kwi-electrolyte uya kuvelisa i-LiOH (S) kunye ne-Li2O ye-deposition layers, engahambelani ne-lithium ion embedding, eyenza ilahleko yesakhono engenakubuyiseka: H2O + E→OH- + 1 / 2H2OH- + Li +→LiOH (s) LiOH + Li ++ E-→I-Li2O (S) + 1 / 2H2 ivelisa i-LiOH (S) yokubeka umphezulu we-electrode, yenza ifilimu enkulu yomhlaba enokumelana okukhulu, ukuthintela i-electrode ye-graphite efakwe kwi-Li +, ebangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungenakuguquleka. Amanzi aphakathi kwi-solvent (100-300×10-6) Akukho mpembelelo ekusebenzeni kwe-graphite electrode. (2) I-CO2 kwi-solvent ingancitshiswa kwi-electrode engafanelekanga ukwenza i-CO kunye ne-LiCO3 (S): 2CO2 + 2E- + 2LI +→I-Li2CO3 + COCO iya kwandisa ibhetri kwibhetri, ngelixa i-Li2CO3 (S) ikwandisa ukuxhathisa ibhetri kwandisa ukusebenza kwebhetri.

(3) Ubukho be-oksijini kwi-solvent nayo yenza i-Li2O ngenxa yokuba umehluko onokuthi ubekhona phakathi kwe-lithium yensimbi kunye nekhabhoni ye-lithium ehambelana ngokupheleleyo incinci, kwaye ukunciphisa i-electrolyte kwikhabhoni kufana nokunciphisa i-lithium. Ekuqaleni 3: Ukuzikhupha ngokwakho kuthetha ukuba ibhetri ilahlekile ngokwendalo kwimeko engasetyenziswanga. I-lithium-ion ibhetri yokuzikhupha iphumela kwiimeko ezimbini: enye ilahleko yomthamo obuyiselwayo; okwesibini kukuphulukana nomthamo ongenakuguqulwa.

Ukulahleka kwamandla okubuyisela ukubuyisela kuthetha ukuba amandla okulahleka anokubuyiswa ngexesha lokutshaja, kwaye ilahleko yexabiso elingaguqukiyo iguqulwa, kwaye i-electrode efanelekileyo nengalunganga ingasetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kweeseli ezincinci kunye ne-electrolyte kwimeko yokutshaja, kwaye I-lithium ion ifakwe kwaye ilahliwe, i-positive kunye ne-negative embeding kwaye ivaliwe. I-lithium ions efakwe kuphela ihambelana ne-lithium ion ye-electrolyte, kwaye amandla e-electrode afanelekileyo kunye ne-negative ngoko ke ayilingani. Le nxalenye yelahleko yomthamo ayinakufunyanwa kwakhona xa kutshaja.

Ezinje: I-lithium manganese oxide i-electrode e-positive kunye ne-solvent inokuvelisa ukuzikhupha okubangelwa kukuzikhupha: iimolekyuli ezinyibilikayo (umzekelo, i-PC) zixutywe njengeeseli ze-microbial kumphezulu we-carbon dioxide emnyama okanye ulwelo lwangoku: okufanayo, i-electrode engalunganga into esebenzayo Inokuzikhupha ngokwayo kwisisombululo se-electrolytic ukuya kwi-electrolyte, kunye ne-electrolyte (efana ne-LiPF6) iyancipha yi-electrolyte (efana ne-LiPF6).

I-lithium ion isuswa kwi-electrode engalunganga ye-microcontroller njenge-electrode engafanelekanga yemo yokutshaja: Ukuzikhupha Izinto: Inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto ezintle ze-electrode, inkqubo yokuvelisa ibhetri, iipropati ze-electrolyte, ukushisa, ixesha. Izinga lokuzikhupha lilawulwa ngokuqinileyo ngesantya se-oxidation ye-solvent, ngoko ukuzinza kwe-solvent kuchaphazela ubomi bokugcinwa kwebhetri. I-oxidation ye-solvent yenzeke kumphezulu wekhabhoni emnyama, kwaye indawo emnyama yekhabhoni inokulawula izinga lokuzikhupha, kodwa kwi-LIMN2O4 yezinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode, ukunciphisa indawo engaphezulu yezinto ezisebenzayo nazo ziqinile, kwaye umphezulu wangoku wokuqokelela ujongene nokusetyenziswa kwe-oxidation ye-solvent ayinakungahoywa.

Ikhoyo ngoku evuzayo yi-diaphragm yebhetri inokubangela ukuzikhupha kwibhetri ye-lithium ion, kodwa inkqubo inqunyelwe ukuxhathisa kwe-diaphragm, kwizinga eliphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ayinanto yakwenza nobushushu. Ukuqwalasela ukuba izinga lokuzikhupha kwebhetri lithembele kakhulu kwiqondo lokushisa, le nkqubo ayikho indlela ebalulekileyo ekuzikhupheni. Ukuba i-electrode engalunganga ikwimeko yombane owaneleyo, iziqulatho zebhetri ziyatshatyalaliswa, okuya kubangela ukulahleka kwamandla ngokusisigxina.

QHAGAMSHELANA NATHI
Sixelele nje iimfuno zakho, singenza okungaphezulu koko unokucinga.
Thumela ingxelo yakho
Chat with Us

Thumela ingxelo yakho

Khetha ulwimi olwahlukileyo
English
العربية
Deutsch
Español
français
italiano
日本語
한국어
Português
русский
简体中文
繁體中文
Afrikaans
አማርኛ
Azərbaycan
Беларуская
български
বাংলা
Bosanski
Català
Sugbuanon
Corsu
čeština
Cymraeg
dansk
Ελληνικά
Esperanto
Eesti
Euskara
فارسی
Suomi
Frysk
Gaeilgenah
Gàidhlig
Galego
ગુજરાતી
Hausa
Ōlelo Hawaiʻi
हिन्दी
Hmong
Hrvatski
Kreyòl ayisyen
Magyar
հայերեն
bahasa Indonesia
Igbo
Íslenska
עִברִית
Basa Jawa
ქართველი
Қазақ Тілі
ខ្មែរ
ಕನ್ನಡ
Kurdî (Kurmancî)
Кыргызча
Latin
Lëtzebuergesch
ລາວ
lietuvių
latviešu valoda‎
Malagasy
Maori
Македонски
മലയാളം
Монгол
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
Maltese
ဗမာ
नेपाली
Nederlands
norsk
Chicheŵa
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Polski
پښتو
Română
سنڌي
සිංහල
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Faasamoa
Shona
Af Soomaali
Shqip
Српски
Sesotho
Sundanese
svenska
Kiswahili
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
Точики
ภาษาไทย
Pilipino
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
O'zbek
Tiếng Việt
Xhosa
יידיש
èdè Yorùbá
Zulu
Ulwimi lwangoku:Xhosa