my country's powered lithium battery recycling

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - អ្នកផ្គត់ផ្គង់ស្ថានីយ៍ថាមពលចល័ត

There is no doubt that new energy vehicles have become the great potential of global automobile development, and domestic and foreign car companies have announced new energy car strategies, especially those in the world's world-oriented countries, announced the timetable for the parking fuel truck, more It is a layout that accelerates the departure of the vehicle enterprises in the new energy vehicle. As my country's new energy automotive production is rapid, the vehicle power lithium battery (essentially a lithium-ion battery) demand is also rapidly rising, accompanied by the recovery problem of the power lithium battery. my country's new energy auto market has raised rapidly since 2012, and in 2016, it has exceeded 500,000 vehicles.

According to the new energy vehicle power lithium battery 5-8 years, the explosive period of the power lithium battery will be welded to the 2020. In the 2020, the dynamic lithium battery recycling broke out, which can be seen in the next 3-4 years, will face severe recycling test: safe recycling, environmental protection, standardized circular utilization, etc., this is behind the development of the lithium-ion battery industry "Final Puzzle".

In the face of this situation, relevant departments and research institutes, and the majority of companies actively act, explore the way my country's power lithium battery recovery treatment. Dynamic lithium battery recovery processing is compared to the lead-acid battery is quite mature recycling industry, and lithium-ion battery recovery is still in its starting stage. On the one hand, lead-acid battery recovery technology is very mature, with high economic benefits, plus the development of several decades has formed a relaxation network; on the other hand, the lack of lithium-ion batteries can have a sufficient economic value of mature recycling technology.

Under the efforts in recent years, my country's powered lithium battery recovery is basically formed. First, the ladder utilization. This means that after disassembling the new energy car, after disassembling the power lithium battery system, the individual battery is detected, which is in line with a certain condition, used to produce commercial energy storage batteries, reserve power and more.

The ladder utilization can maximize the utilization efficiency of the lithium ion battery, extend the battery life of the battery, and can also reduce the production cost of the energy storage battery and other products. Second, direct disassembly recycling utilization effective materials. Will not be able to break through a single battery, then extract the renewable material, then use a physical chemistry method, important for metal lithium, cobalt, etc.

This is also the last link of the lithium-ion battery from the production to the recycled recycling. The rapid development of my country's energy storage industry is also a rare market opportunity for power lithium batteries. On October 11 this year, the National Development and Reform Commission procted "Guidance Opinions on Promoting Energy Storage Technology and Industrial Development" (hereinafter referred to as "guidance"), depicting the "road map" of the 10-year development of the energy storage technology, of which It is pointed out that "research on the elimination of the power-lithium battery".

The energy storage is an important form of ladder utilization. At the same time, with the continuous rise of the raw materials of the lithium-ion battery, the rising and nickel prices of nickel, the size of the resources directly disassembled, started to appear, representing Greenmei, Hapeng, etc., a group of companies, have increased in the power lithium battery.

Solution to use the investment. Economic Benefits Decides to recycle the way, and the principle of following the principle to advocate the steps, but how to choose how the retired dynamic lithium battery is ended or the key is to choose the market behavior, the key is economic value. About the tradder utilization, important factors affecting their economic benefits include: scrap, screening, testing, consistency, energy storage cost ratio.

And about dismantling recycling, important factors affecting their economic benefits are important to two: the cost of rescained power lithium battery, the value of regenerative materials. From the point of view of influencing factors, the demolition and recovery economic benefits are important depending on the market value of the processing technology and renewable materials, while the except for the economic value of the ladder is also affected by the energy storage product price restriction and energy storage policy. From the actual situation, there are many difficulties in the face of the ladder: First, there are many dynamic lithium battery manufacturers in my country.

There is a significant difference in the size of the decommissioning battery, which leads to a high cost of the ladder; second, the battery consistency of the ladder is poor. , Affecting the life of the downstream energy storage product and safety. The third is the energy storage product produced by the dynamic lithium battery produced by the ladder and the energy storage product of the energy storage product of the new battery (that is, the battery cost of each reservoir cycle); four is that my country's energy storage market is still small, important Relying on national policies.

Economic benefits determine the recycling method and relative, dismantling uses substantially does not have such problems, affecting its factors or recycling value. Due to lithium manganate, iron phosphate ion battery does not contain precious metals, while lithium cobaltate, lithium-ion battery containing metal cobalt, nickel, with the price of cobalt, nickel material continues to rise, direct disassembly of lithium , Three-yuan material lithium ion battery scale-based benefits. Battery Recycling Policy Two legs walking from my country's related power lithium battery recovery policies, encourages traders to use and directly dismantle.

In January 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Commerce, and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, "Electric Automotive Battery Recycling Technology Policy (2015 Edition)", for electric vehicle power lithium battery Designing production, recycling, ladder utilization, regeneration, etc., etc. In February 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has formulated the "New Energy Automobile Waste Battery Comprehensive Utilization Industry Standard Conditions" and "Interim Measures for the Administration of General Utilization Industry in New Energy Automobile Waste Battery".

In January 2017, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributors' Responsibility Extension System" (National Office [2016] No. 99), clearly implementing the four major industries such as electric vehicles to implement producer responsibility extension System, to "establish an electric vehicle power lithium battery recovery system. At the same time, electric vehicles and power lithium battery production companies should establish waste battery recycling networks, using after-sales service network to recycle waste batteries, statistics and recycling information, and ensure that waste battery specification recycling and safety disposal.

Power lithium battery production company should implement product coding and establish a full life cycle traceability system. The construction of electric vehicle power lithium battery recycling system is taken in Shenzhen and other cities, and gradually promoted nationwide. "In January 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the" Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on accelerating the development of the development of renewable resource industry "(Ministry of Industry and Information Technology" (2016] No.

440), clearly proposed "new energy Car power lithium battery recycling pilot, establish a standard system for the use of waste dynamic lithium battery resources, promote waste dynamic lithium battery regions. "The country has spared no effort in the battery recovery policy in May 2017, the national standard" Conditional Lithium Battery Recycling Demolition Specification "(GB / T33598-2017) was approved, and on December 1, 2017. August, three national standards "Car Power Lithium Battery Recycling - Holness Test" (GB / T34015-2017), "Electric Vehicle Power Battery Product Specific Size" (GB / T34013-2017), "Car Power Lithium battery coding rules (GB / T34014-2017) officially approved.

At the beginning of November, the thirty meeting of the 12th National People's Congress Standing Committee held a joint meeting in Beijing Great Hall, combined with the review of the implementation of the National People's Congress Standing Committee's law enforcement examination group on inspecting the implementation of the environmental prevention and control law of solid waste pollution Feature inquiry. Among them, the Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology made Miao Wei, and the automobile manufacturer should be responsible for the recycling of the powered lithium battery when selling new energy vehicles. Recently, the Interim Measures for the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling and Utraction, which clarifies the design phase of the dynamic lithium battery company design, the requirements, production stage requirements, sales stages requirements, maintenance replacement stages, and recycling stages , The scrap phase requirement, owner's responsibility requirements, collection requirements, storage requirements, transportation requirements, ladder utilization requirements, ladder utilization battery requirements, regeneration utilization requirements, etc.

It is not difficult to say through the above policies, the country is actively constructing a dynamic lithium battery recycling system with the manufacturer's responsibility extension system, and actively encourages the driving of the dynamic lithium battery. In 2017, there were relevant national standards such as battery specifications, coding systems, and dismantling specifications. Can the waste dynamic lithium battery belong to the electronic waste category? Producer's responsibility is an emerging green environmental policy developed in Europe.

For products, especially products containing toxic substances. Its purpose is to encourage producers to work hard to prevent pollution in the product's design and process technology, and strive to prevent pollution in the production of product design and process technology, and reduce the use of resources. Producer's responsibility extension is essentially a product policy, rather than waste policies, and promoting the principle of "pollutant payment", and strives to integrate waste management cost into product prices.

This also enables some countries as a means to transfer difficult-to-handed waste (such as scrap electronics) from government public sector to companies from product production and sales. From the current development of important developed countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, it is seen that although there are certain differences, it is common: First, the recycling object is important is the color TV, refrigerator, computer, monitor and other electric products. And mobile phone, telephone, usb, recorder and other small household appliances; the other is an important responsibility of the manufacturer or importer to bear the recycling (or paying the waste of the electronic appliance product); the third is basically constructing a sound recycling system; four is abandoned Electronic appliance processing is basically handed over to government certified qualified recycling companies.

Building a dynamic lithium battery recycling system is especially important my country attaches great importance to abandoned electronic and electrical products. He has introduced "Measures for the Administration of Pollution Control of Electronic Information Products", "Measures for the Administration of Electronic Waste Pollution Environment". In 2009, the State Council issued a "Regulations on the Recycling Management of Waste Electrical Electronic Products", proposed to establish a directory system, multi-channel recycling system, centralized handling system, planning system, qualification license system, and fund subsidies, and become a recycling process of my country's abandoned electrical electronics.

milestone. On this basis, "Waste Electrical Electronic Products Processing Directory (2014 Edition)" and Waste Electrical Electronic Products Treatment Fund System, greatly enhanced the recovery rate of my country's electronic appliance waste. The fund system in line with my country has become the fastest development speed of the world, developing the most successful producer responsibility extension system in our country.

Currently, "Waste Electrical Electronic Products Processing Directory (2014 Edition)" includes 14 electronic electrical products, important refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, TV, telephone standings, mobile phones, etc. Does not cover battery products. In 2003, the National Environmental Protection Department issued the "Waste Battery Policy".

The revised "Waste Battery Polishing Prevention and Treatment Technology Policy" was announced at the end of 2016, which emphasized that the battery production company fulfilled the extension of the producer and gradually established a waste battery. Information supervision system for collecting, transportation, storage, utilization and disposal process, etc. Although the "Regulations on the Recycling Management of Waste Electrical Electronics" has achieved remarkable results, the problem is also outstanding: First, the abandoned electronics electronic product treatment fund is serious, and the growth rate of scraps continues to be higher than the production rate growth and formal handling scale beyond expected.

The fund has been deficit since 2015. Second, the production company and treatment company failed to form a service symbiosis. After the production company pays the fund, it will no longer bear other responsibilities, and opposes further improving the collection standard; processing the company pursues expanded the amount of processing, changing new subsidies; three is the fund subsidized company The verification procedures and conditions are not clear, and the new directory product supporting policy has not yet been introduced.

For the recommendations of relevant policies, the amount of abandoned power lithium battery is not large, this is about our optimization policy system, explores a path supply time and space suitable for the waste power lithium battery recovery process. Considering that my country's abandoned electronic electrical products recycling system has not been fully mature, and there is no relevant experience in abandonment of reliable lithium battery recovery processing. my country's related policy development should be in good condition, it is easy to easily advance.

Principle, strengthen pilot demonstration drive use. First to strengthen the top design. Accelerate the revision of "Solid Waste Pollution Environmental Prevention" and "Circular Economic Promotion Law", formulating the production of powerful lithium battery sectors, clearing the functional lithium battery full life cycle (including production, use, recycling, ladder Responsibility main body and responsibility division of use, dismantling, etc.

, especially the responsibility of the power lithium battery production company and the new energy automobile production company. Second, it is recommended to include waste power lithium batteries into the "Abandoned Electronic Products Processing Directory". Improve the penalty of the company does not fulfill the payment obligation, further implement the responsibility of the producer should bear.

In terms of fund supporting policies, research on the development of dynamic lithium battery treatment fund collection standards, gradually establishing the dynamic adjustment mechanism of recovery standards, guaranteeing the balance of balance, and clear subsidies to approve procedures and standards, reform subsidies, approve rules, and improve fund use efficiency. Third, innovation supervision. Use information from informationization to transfer social forces to conduct verification, supervision, research third-party audit institutions, strict access, standardize the procurement procedures, content and requirements of audit institutions, and establish third-party audit performance evaluation systems, information disclosure and responsibility Investigate mechanism.

The fourth is to build a recycling system. Accelerate the driving power lithium battery coding application, build recycling processing information platform, using information technology such as big data to carry out data collection, analysis, and flow tracking monitoring. Encourage Internet companies and dynamic lithium battery production companies, new energy automotive production companies, sellers, recycling management companies to deepen cooperation, build network recycling platforms, improve reverse logistics, re-renewal in old-to-new contors, and promote multi-channel recycling system development.

Fifth, carry out pilot demonstration. Choose a new energy vehicle in different regions to develop a rapid city to carry out the test demonstration of waste dynamic lithium battery recycling, explore new models, seriously analyze problems, summarize relevant experience, form a national approach to copying, can be promoted. .