Nei mota yemagetsi lithium-ion bhatiri ichiputika, tekinoroji inogona kuidzivirira here?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Draagbare kragstasie verskaffer

Tiri kupinda munguva itsva yekuchinja kwesimba, asi patinoramba tichitarisa ramangwana rakanaka remagetsi emagetsi, hazvizonetseki, iyo lithium-ion bhatiri yakachengeteka here? Tsaona dzinoputika dzinokonzerwa nemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi: Sei Xinhua.com ichinzwa kazhinji mumakore achangopfuura mumakore achangopfuura? Ingave mota dzemagetsi kana zviteshi zvemagetsi ekuchengetedza, haugone kupatsanurwa kubva kune kiyi mudziyo - bhatiri. Anenge ese emagetsi emagetsi uye anopfuura 70% emakemikari ekuchengetedza simba zviteshi zvemagetsi ese ari mabhatiri e-lithium ion, inova bhatiri rinoshandiswa mumafoni edu uye malaptop.

Sezvo iyo lithium-ion bhatiri inopfuura kutakurika kwesimba remagetsi, kusimudzira kwezera redu reruzivo kunowedzerwa. Naizvozvo, kune vatatu vesainzi vakabatsira kuvandudza kwe lithium-ion bhatiri tekinoroji kuNobel Chemical Award. Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, nzvimbo yekushandiswa iri pedyo zvikuru, foni yedu, kamera uye headphones yeBluetooth inofanira kunge iri, asi nei inoshandiswa kumotokari dzemagetsi, bhatiri ye lithium-ion yakaitika njodzi dzakawanda? Iri idambudziko rinogona kuitika.

Semuenzaniso, bhatiri rinotengeswa kunze kwenyika rinoshandiswa mumotokari yemagetsi inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inongova miriyoni imwe chete, asi 8,000 mabhatiri akadaro anofanira kuiswa pamotokari, iyo yakaenzana nemabhatiri e10 000 kuisa motokari dzemagetsi 1250. Ndiko kuti, mune dzidziso 1250 mota dzemagetsi, pane bhatiri mumotokari inogona kuita tsaona. Kana tsaona iyi iri yekutsva kwebhatiri kana kuputika kwemazinga, zvinokwanisika kukonzera ketani yekuita umo bhatiri rakaitenderedza, zvichikonzera tsaona yekutsva kwemotokari yemagetsi.

Zvimwe chetezvo pakugara muchiteshi chemagetsi emagetsi, zvichienzaniswa nemotokari yemagetsi kuchengeta 50 kusvika 100 madhigirii, mudziyo webhatiri unogona kuchengeta 1000 madhigirii, uye chiteshi chemagetsi chepakati nepakati chinowanzoita gumi nemaviri Kuunganidzwa kwemidziyo yebhatiri yekuchengetedza simba. Zvinonzwisisika kuti bhatiri rakakura kudaro rinoshandiswa, dzimwe nguva rinoitika. Kune rumwe rutivi, kupisa kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye magetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi emagetsi, migumisiro yetsaona yekuputika zviri pachena zvakanyanya kudarika mabhatiri efoni, uye matanho ekudzivirira moto aripo anenge asingakwanisi.

Hongu, isu hatigone kufuratira nhau idzi kuti nhau idzi dzinopararira nekukurumidza, uye zviitiko zvakakomba izvo zvinokonzeresa vanhu vakakuvara zvakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru munharaunda. Sei iyo lithium ion bhatiri ichapisa kana kuputika? Lithium-ion bhatiri inhengo-ine chikamu, iyo yakakosha inosanganisira yakanaka electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte uye diaphragm. Mushure mekuchaja, yakanaka yayo kazhinji ishanduko yesimbi oxide, ine yakasimba oxidation kuramba; electrode yakaipa yakaiswa muhuwandu hwe lithiamu, iyo ine simba rakasimba reductive.

Iyo electrolyte inowanzova organic esters, iyo ine hunhu hweyakaderera kunyungudika uye inopfuta. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mafirecrackers muhupenyu hwedu zvakare mudziyo unonzwisisa zvimisikidzo zvine pfuti kuita sarufa (sarufa, kemikari formula s) diit (dombo, kemikari mhando KNO3) marasha matatu, ayo nitrosite is Strong oxidizing agent, sulfur uye marasha ari kuderedza vamiririri. Mushure mokunge kunze kwapiwa zvinopfuura 120 madhigirii ekukurudzira, iyo oxidation inoderedza maitiro mufirecracker inoitika zvinoshamisa, inobudisa yakawanda gasi uye kupisa, moto, firecrackers yakaputika.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti theoretical lithium-ion bhatiri ine yakanyanya kuburitswa redox reaction, uye mukati mayo electrolyte inobvira inogona kubatsira kuita uku, kuunza mhedzisiro yekupisa kana kuputika. Simba re lithium ion mabhatiri akakura sei kana kuputika? Chiedza kubva mukuchengetedza kwayo simba remagetsi, 150WH / kg simba density yakajairwa lithium ion bhatiri simba remagetsi rinenge 1/10 yeTNT inoputika kuputika, thermal energy density. Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakurudzo yakanyatsojeka, iyo yakanaka yakaipa electrode mu lithiamu-ion bhatiri tsaona inogona kuitika zvakananga mumamiriro ezvinhu anokosha, kana kunyange aruminiyamu nemhangura yekuisa mvura inogonawo kutora chikamu zvakananga mukuita nenzira yekuderedza vamiririri, uye kupisa kwekupisa kunofanira kunge kwakakwirira kudarika Battery kuchengetedza zvinoenderana nesimba.

Kazhinji, tsaona yekuchengetedza munzvimbo yakavharwa, tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kusvika 800 ° C, uye 43.4G inorema lithium ion bhatiri inotora kuputika kwekuputika kwe5.45 gtnt, ichisvika kuTNT yakaenzana 1/8.

Chikonzero nei lithium ion bhatiri isingapindure kune yakasimba redox reaction asi inogara ichishandurwa kuita simba remagetsi mune electrochemical reaction, uye inogara ichishandurwa kuita simba remagetsi nekuti diaphragm inonyatso kuparadzaniswa mumuviri uye Electronic conduction insulation (uye kuvapo kweiyo electrolyte). Zvisinei, kana zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvemukati kana zvekunze zvichikonzera kutadza kwe diaphragm, ipapo danda rakanaka nerakaipa rinobatwa zvakananga, iyi yemukati pfupi yedunhu ichaunza simba remagetsi kuti risunungurwe, kune kupisa kwakawanda uye kuunza kupisa kwakanyanya, kukuvadza pakarepo kwemukati wemakemikari system yebhatiri, zvichikonzera kugadzikana The negative electrolyte, iyo yakanaka electrolyte, iyo negative electrode uye iyo yakanaka electrode, uye kunyange mukukwira kwekupisa kwemvura, uye kunyange mukukwira kwemvura inopisa. instantaneous gasification ye electrolyte, uye kusanganisira yakanaka negative electrode active material poda inoburitsa bhatiri rekugara, Huya nemhedzisiro yekupisa kana kuputika, maitiro aya anonzi kupisa kusingadzoreki (kunonzi TR). Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwezviitiko zvetsaona yemotokari yemagetsi mumakore achangopfuura, tsaona dzakawanda "kuzvidzima", kusanganisira kumira (kubuda pasina bhatiri), uchityaira (kubuda kwebhatiri) uye kuchaja.

Chikamu chidiki itsaona inoitika kana munhu wekunze anopisa sosi, kudhumhana, uye kutadza kutonga kwedunhu. "Kupisa kunongoerekana kwaitika" ndeyekurasikirwa kwekupisa, iyo yekupedzisira inodaidzwa pamwe chete seiyo thermal kunze kwekutonga kwekupisa kupisa, kushandiswa kwemagetsi, kushandiswa kwemagetsi). Kunyange zvazvo mhando mbiri dzezviitiko zvinozounzwa nekupisa kwekupedzisira, kupisa uye dzimwe nzira dzakafanana, pane musiyano mukuru mukuoma kwekutanga tsvakurudzo.

Parizvino, iyo inopisa kunze kwekutonga pasi pekushungurudzwa inodzorwa nemamiriro ekusimudzira. Mumakore achangopfuura, yakafambira mberi zvikuru, izvo zvinonyanya kukwanisa kutsanangura maitiro emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushungurudzwa uye nzira uye njodzi dzinotevera. Zvisinei, kungoerekana kupisa kusingadzoreki, nekuda kwekusanzwisisika kwayo kwakaoma, bhatiri mushure mekupisa kwekunze-kwekudzora kwakakuvadzwa zvachose, zvakaoma kudzoreredza iyo micro mamiriro pamberi pekurasikirwa kwekupisa, inova yakaoma tsvakurudzo.

Sei zvakaoma kufanotaura kuti lithium-ion bhatiri rinopisa risingadzoreki? Spontaneous thermal out-of control ndiyo yazvino mota yemagetsi yakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kunetseka. Sei zvakaoma kudzivirira? Izvi zvinofanira kutaurwa kubva pakugadzirwa kwemabhatiri. Kana bhatiri rega rega richinyatsoenderana kubva kune micro electrode material particles, diaphragm kune macroscopic plate, imba yepasuru i100.

000000,000%, iyo ichave iine bhatiri paki yakagadzirwa nezviuru kana mazana ezviuru zvemabhatiri akadaro. Zviri nani kuchengetedza zvinhu. Unogona kuona kuti mazana emaperesenti ekutaura pano akati siyanei, kune gumi mazero kumashure, anomiririra yakaringana inotarisirwa - bhatiri rakazara chiyero chakakwira.

Sezvinozivikanwa, mhedzisiro yekusawirirana kwebhatiri ndeyekuti bhatiri rakaderedzwa bhatiri richaora nekukurumidza, kumwe kufambiswa kunomiswa, kwakananga kusashanda; kunewo mugwagwa wakasiyana zvakasiyana - mukati mapfupi maseketi uye kupisa kunze kwekutonga, kupisa, kuputika. Pane chero yenguva pfupi-yenguva pfupi pfupi yedunhu mukukuvara uku? Chikonzero ndechekuti kuora uku kunononoka uye chiratidzo chekunze chemagetsi hachisi pachena. Chechipiri ndechokuti bhatiri inopinda zvakananga mukuparadza kwekushisa kunze kwekutonga mumaminitsi mashomanana, bhatiri rakakwana, uchapupu hahugoni kuteverwa, izvo zvinoitawo kuti munda uyu Kutsvakurudza kufambire mberi.

Kunyatso tevedzera mapfupi-pfupi maseketi, ichiri dambudziko. Mukuwedzera, bhatiri rakafanana nebhokisi dema, kunyange zvazvo tichigona kushandisa mamwe electrochemical spectrometers uye in situ CT unyanzvi nzira kuongorora munhu bhatiri kuchinja uye mukati microstructure, asi isu hatigoni kufanotaura kuti makumi emamiriyoni emabhatiri Ichave ichinyatsodzidza mu "rufu kamwe kamwe" mumwedzi inoverengeka kana mushure memakore akawanda. Bhatiri rimwe nerimwe rinenge risina kuzvidzora njodzi, asi iyo "kufa kamwe kamwe" mushure mehafu yegore kana makore matatu gare gare kana muchando Chen, zvichikonzera tsaona yakakura yekupisa? Zvakaoma kufanotaura manje.

Izvi zvakafanana nemuviri wedu here? Battery material parameters uye maitiro ekugadzira Zvakafanana nejini dzedu, bhatiri kuchaja uye discharge system yakafanana nemaitiro edu ekudya, kushandisa bhatiri tembiricha inoshanduka senge nharaunda inokura. Nekukura, pane nguva dzose muviri wevamwe vanhu, pachava nekuzvimba kwenguva refu kana zvimwe zvakakomba vascular maronda, nokudaro zvichibvira kukura kuva kenza kana kukonzera sitiroko munguva pfupi, iyo yakafanana nebhatiri pfupi redunhu uye rinotevera thermostat. Kana isu tichigona kuita chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa pane hutano hwemunhu wega wega 24h papasi, isu tinogona kuwana abnormality uye kurasa cancer uye sitiroko, asi izvi zviri pachena hazvisi izvo.

Saizvozvo, isu zvakare takaomerwa kutakura iyo yakazara yakazara-chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa yebhatiri rega rega, ikozvino takwanisa kuunganidza module inoita akawanda emabhatiri kuti atarise voltage uye tembiricha yese, uye izvi zvinongoerekana zvaitika kubva mukudzidza nekudzivirira masero ebhatiri Izvo zvinodikanwa zvekupisa kunze kwekutonga zviri pachena gap. Chinhu chimwe chinogona kutariswa ndechekuvandudza kuita kwakafanana kwebhatiri kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwebhatiri pack. Nekudaro, kuenderana kwakakwana hakugone kuitwa, zvimedu zvebhatiri zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvinoshanda zvinhu, chimwe nechimwe chechimiro, mamiriro epamusoro, kuremara, nezvimwe.

yebhatiri, chero bedzi kugadziriswa kwakakwirira zvakakwana, inogona kuonekwa. Pamusoro pezvakagadzirwa, kugadzirira kwebhatiri kunosanganisira akawanda emaitiro akaomarara, achida kuchengetedza bhatiri kuenderana kwakaoma. Kunyangwe iyo ine simba yelithium-ion bhatiri indasitiri yekudyara iko zvino kuitira kuti iwane yakakwirira kugadzirisa iko kurongeka, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa uye zvakaomarara kugadzirira mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anoita kuwirirana kuve basa risingaperi.

Motokari dzemagetsi dzicharamba dzichikura, nyika yangu icharamba ichikurudzira teknolojia yekuchengetedza yakakura mumagetsi emagetsi. Zvinoenderana nechimiro chechimiro chesimba muChina, mota dzemagetsi dzine basa rakakosha munyika yangu yepakati uye yenguva refu yesimba zano uye remangwana rekusimudzira. Ndinotenda kuti nekuenderera mberi nekukurumidza kukurumidza kweiyo bhatiri tekinoroji system, kuvimbika kwayo uye kuchengetedzwa kuchavandudzwa zvakanyanya mumakore anotevera 5-10.

Nekudaro, kudzivirira zvachose iyo lithium-ion bhatiri inopisa tsaona, zvinenge zvisingaiti. Zvechokwadi, munyaya yekuremekedza chinangwa chaicho, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuvandudza kuchengeteka. Yekutanga ndiyo hunyanzvi hwekunyevera tekinoroji, senge Stanford University yazvino shumo yekubatwa kwakasimba kweiyo hydrogen siginecha inogona kusunda yambiro lithium-ion bhatiri inopisa kusadzora, izvo zvinokwana kutiza vashandi vemotokari yemagetsi.

Uye zvakare, iyo "self-chepfu" nzira yebhatiri inoshandawo zvakanyanya, uye maitiro ayo kana bhatiri raburitsa kupisa kusingadzoreki, mamwe makemikari akakosha anogona kuburitswa kuti apfuure "痪" mukati mebhatiri, kukanganisa kupisa kwekunze kwekutonga cheni. Nezve kuchengetedzeka kwe lithium-ion bhatiri, nesimba kuvandudza uye inobudirira tekinoroji yekuvandudza tekinoroji, ramba uchivandudza mabhatiri ekugadzira kuenderana. Rimwe zuva, rudzi urwu rwemashoko "anoputika" haachazoonekwa muupenyu hwedu, tinogona kushandisa motokari dzemagetsi nerugare rwepfungwa.

Kutenda: Kutenda kuTsinghua University, Wang Li uye Vehicle College, Feng Xunning, vadzidzisi vaviri, vakapihwa kune zvakakosha uye nhaurirano dzinobatsira.