Dynamic lithium battery recovery of new energy vehicles is a pseudo-wind?

著者：Iflowpower – Mofani oa Seteishene sa Motlakase se nkehang

China Automobile Association shows that my country's new energy vehicle has sold 412,000 units in the first half of 2018, up 111.6% year-on-year. At the same time, the production of the power lithium ion battery is about 91.

87GWH, and the power lithium-ion battery shipments are 22.86GWH. Since the power lithium-ion battery involves a large amount of chemical element, after the electric vehicle is increased, the recovery problem of the power lithium-ion battery is also put on the schedule by the parties.

: Car East, on August 1, "Interim Provisions on the Management of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling" officially implemented, the media 大 大 大 大 大 离 退 退 退 退 退 公司 公司 公司 公司 公司 大 公司 大 公司 公司 公司 公司Then there are high-profile layout, the power lithium-ion battery recycling field is full of people, it is not lively. However, in the recovery method, policy regulations, and specific exploration cases of the power lithium-ion battery, it is found that there is no matter whether it is from the total insurance of electric vehicles, the service life of the battery, or the improvement and economic efficiency of policy. From a perspective, the maturity of the dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery industry is still in a relatively primary stage, and it is not as lively and glamorous! The two major paths of the dynamic lithium-ion battery are currently widely used in three-dimensional lithium ion batteries or lithium iron phosphate ion batteries.

Once metal oriented with cobalt-nichmanese is unfavorable, it will cause heavy metal pollution, with strong corrosiveness. And strong toxic electrolytes will also endanger the environment and human health. In order to effectively recover the power lithium ion battery, the generally used recovery method of the world is divided into two kinds.

First, the step utilization is used, that is, the power lithium-ion battery retired from the car is used for secondary use or multiple utilization; the second is regenerative utilization , That is, disassemble the battery, recover the raw materials and metals. 1. Flatage is popular, and the steps are like the classic advertisement of the Nanfu battery, ie "After the toy car is used up, the remote control can be used".

For power lithium-ion batteries, when its capacity is lowered to 80% of the initial capacity, it will not be able to ensure the battery life requirements and normal use. After these batteries are replaced, it can be used in the field of energy storage, and the domestic and foreign has With this application example. Germany, Japan uses these waste-driven lithium-ion batteries for sightseeing vehicles, electric bicycles, electrical lighting, etc.

, or as energy storage devices such as solar energy, wind energy and other cleaning energy. my country Tie Tower Co., Ltd.

and BYD, Chang'an have cooperated to cooperate with battery manufacturers, and use waste-based dynamic lithium-ion battery applications to function on their own base station products, which in turn reduces the operating cost of base station. Battery recycling process. : Car things 2, regenerative utilization as the name, regenerative utilization is to disassemble, break, separation, purify, smelting, smelting, cobalt, nickel, manganese and lithium, etc.

, to achieve raw materials regeneration. In general, the capacity is reduced to 30% of the initial capacity and cannot be used. These batteries should be transported to professional recycling companies to disassemble and resource regeneration.

It is understood that the EU has been more brought about by the EU, and its commonly used processing methods include: fire-making metallurgy - wet separation and purification, pyrolysis-wet purification, broken-pyrolysis-distillation-fire mitallurgy, my country Non-many lithium battery recovery companies use roast (pyrolysis) pretreatment - mechanical dismantling, physical sorting - wet smelting process for recovery treatment. The recovery effect level, the Battery Recycling Project funded by the German Environment is shown that the fire-making metallurgical recovery cobalt and nickel can, but the lithium recovery is not good; wet metallurgy is more than 85% of the comprehensive recovery rate of lithium iron phosphate ion battery, Comprehensive recovery rate of three-dimensional lithium ion battery can reach more than 95%. On the surface of the three major problems faced by the power lithium-ion battery recovery industry, with the increasing electric vehicle, the power lithium-ion battery industry is about to explode.

However, the actual situation is that due to the overall amount of electric vehicles, the battery life is long, the retirement tide is not coming. At the same time, since the industry is still in its starting stage, the supporting policy regulations also specifically from the macro perspective, and the specific implementation rules and supporting regulatory regulations have not been introduced. The most important thing is that the recovery cost of the dynamic lithium-ion battery industry is greater than the recovery income, and economic benefits are not obvious.

1. Policy system does not improve the developed countries such as Demei Japan, and my country has developed policies in general, which clearly defines the process and responsibility division of dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery. However, because the industry is still in the early stage, there is only a few related laws, not forming a system.

For example, my country's policy stipulates the relevant responsible subject, but it is not yet clearly known as the transportation, processing requirements, recycling and secondary utilization price system during the recycling battery. At the same time, as for the implementation of the implementation of the dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery policy, there is no need to supplement the issues such as penalty standards as required. ▲ Green Mei is connected to BYD, Samsung established dynamic lithium-ion battery large circulation system.

: Car things 2, the recycling economic benefits are low, whether it is regenerative or clutch utilization, the economic benefits of dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery are relatively low. First, look at the regeneration and use this path. Related research papers show that the cost of 1 ton of lithium iron phosphate ion battery recovery is around 8500 yuan, while the market value of the recovery is only 8,000 yuan, which means that the recycling company will lose a ton of lithium iron phosphate ion battery will lose 500 yuan.

Relatively, the three-dimensional lithium ion battery is high due to a large amount of cobalt nickeng manganese lithium, the income of the recovery is higher. However, since cobalt is a high toxic element, the chemical properties of waste of three yuan lithium ion batteries are still very lively. If the operation is improper, it is very likely to cause secondary pollution or explosion, so its recovery cost is higher, actually recycling Not increased.

So is it more economical to be recovered in a step-by-step manner? In fact, it is not cost-effective. The power lithium-ion battery is about one-third in the cost of electric vehicle, and the price is very high. And if you will be dismantled, it is used in the field of lighting, heating and other fields, and its overall benefits are not as good as power grid.

Tesla CTO, one of the joint founders, Straubel has also disclosed that Tesla Studies have found that the secondary use of the dynamic lithium-ion battery does not have much economic benefits. Of course, some large companies are also attempted to use retired batteries to form large storage stations, for photovoltaic power generation. However, due to problems such as the capacity, voltage, shapes of different batteries, whether the effect of large-scale energy storage networks is effective, if the new production of energy storage equipment is effective.

3, the battery retirement tide is the future, the current rendering of the dynamic lithium-ion battery retirement is two premise, one is that the overall life of the dynamic lithium-ion battery is only 4-5 years, and the second is to count from 2013. However, this algorithm is not accurate, on the one hand, my country's electric car sales began in 2015, and continued in 2016 and 2017. The total sales of sales before 2015 were small.

On the other hand, some of the 120,000 kilometers of warranty cycles of 8 years of 120,000 kilometers are played, and the battery design life can be seen. If the sales of new energy cars from 2015 began to break out, the first wave of retired tides should arrive in 2023. In addition, ordinary owners regarding the recovery of the power lithium-ion battery is not concerned.

Even if you have a quality insulation after 8 years, the general owner will continue to use the vehicle, which will sell the vehicle overall, and does not choose to take the battery to recover the battery. Overseas country dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling industry 1, Germany - producers, distributors and users do their own responsibilities, German battery recovery bills and scrapped car recycling bills respectively according to EU battery recycling directives (2006/66 / EC) and scrapped car instruction formulation. From 2009, Germany's "Battery Law" began to take effect.

According to regulations, battery production and importers must register in the government, and distributors should organize recycling, and users are obliged to hand over waste batteries to designated recycling organizations. At the same time, the German Environment has funded two dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling and utilization demonstration projects (Libri projects and lithorec projects) and promoted the research of recycling utilization of German waste dynamic lithium-ion battery. In terms of vehicle enterprises, Bosch Group built 2MW / 2MW · H large photovoltaic power storage system using BMW Activee and i3 pure electric car scrapped battery, and realized recycling of waste dynamic lithium-ion batteries.

In 2017, Mercedes-Benz and Recycling Co., Ltd. implemented the world's largest ladder utilization project - Lunen, the project traded 1000 SMART's retired battery, which is expected to form 13MWH grid service energy storage facilities, retired battery effective cassette utilization will reach 90 %above.

2, US-Producer Responsibility Extension System US is the most legal country in the recovery management of waste batteries, and it is important to construct legal system from three levels of federal, state and local. The US federation has developed the "Mercury and Rechargeable Battery Management Act" to standardize the production, transportation and other links of waste batteries. And determine the manufacturer's responsibility extension system, the US battery manufacturer is responsible for organizing recycling of the old battery.

In addition, the United States uses consumers to purchase the battery payment and the recovery fee paid by the battery company as the source of funds treated as used battery. In terms of scientific research, under the support of the US Advanced Battery Federation (USABC) and the Energy Department, the R <000000> D and industrialization of vehicle power lithium-ion batteries have been included in the US national strategy. At the same time, the United States has long since started the systematic study of car battery steps, USABC and US Energy funded the research of dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery technology in 1996 and 2002 respectively.

In terms of vehicle enterprises, Tesla has taken a different route with many cars - no rail use, direct disassembly. In May 2017, Tesla CTO, one of the joint founders established a new company named RedWoodmaterials, the main battery recycling, but the company does not belong to Tesla, but the whole industry. General in 2011 with the world's largest electricity and automation technology company ABB cooperation experiment with waste Chevrolet Volt Wollana battery pack storage power.

Using the five groups of Chevrolet Volt Wollana battery reorganization can supply 3-5 US ordinary households for 2 hours. 3, Japan - battery manufacturer is responsible, government subsidies Japan "promotes the establishment of a cycle of cycle society", "solid waste management and public cleaning law", "Resource Effective Utilization Promotion Law" constitutes its complete power lithium-ion battery Recycle system. In 2000, the Japanese government regulates the recovery of nickelin and lithium-ion batteries in accordance with the manufacturer.

After the battery recovery, the battery production company is handled, the government gives the company's corresponding subsidies. In Japanese car companies, the Nissan "Hishey" was listed before the listing of Sumitomo Group, and the reuse of electric vehicles were engaged in electric vehicles. Currently, the scrap cells of Nissan "Hearing" car in Japan and the United States can be used as a residential and commercial energy storage equipment.

Toyota has recovered the waste battery through the dealer network. 4. Overseas policy is perfect, but the demand for recycling can be seen from the foregoing introduction.

In terms of dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling, the Germany day legislation is relatively early, and the supporting laws and regulations are more meticulous, but although various car companies Precautions, can't change the recycling of the power lithium-ion battery and less recovery. Dynamic lithium-ion battery suppliers are distributed in Asia, and the new energy car sales is mostly in my country, and the powerful lithium-ion battery recycling demand in overseas countries is low. In addition, many car power lithium-ion batteries have not until the retirement time, the power of overseas countries Lithium-ion battery recycling project is mostly in the experiment and exploration stage.

Domestic power lithium-ion battery recycling industry: Thunder heavy rain is small back to our country, the powerful lithium-ion battery industry has shown a small styles of thunder and heavy rain. On February 26, 2018, the seven ministers jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling and Utilization", which regulates the implementation of the owner's responsibility extension system, and the automobile production company undertakes the main responsibility of the power storage battery. The relevant company is in power storage battery.

Recycling and use each link to fulfill the corresponding responsibility, protect the effective utilization of the power battery and environmental disposal. On May 17, 2018, in order to strengthen the management of new energy automobile power storage batteries, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "Interim Provisions on the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of New Energy Automobile Power Battery" (Draft for Comment) Public Significance. On August 1, "Interim Provisions on the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling" (Draft for Comment) has officially implemented, and the supervision process has established a traceability platform.

▲ Article 5 of the "Interim Provisions for the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling" announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Article 5 stipulates that the main responsibility of the vehicle enterprise is responsible for the recycling of dynamic lithium-ion batteries. Important is reflected in three aspects: First, it is necessary to entrust the seller's trace information by recovering the source of new energy vehicles and owners, and clarify the related information of the power storage battery recovery requirements and procedures in the automotive user manual; Maintenance service network, open power battery repair, replacement, replacement, maintenance, storage, standard storage, standardize storage, and transfer the waste power battery to the recycling service network according to the maintenance manual and technical information requirements, and transfer the waste power battery to the recycling service network. Unit or individual; third is to establish a power storage battery recycling service outlet, responsible for collecting waste power batteries, concentrating and handling relevant companies with its agreement.

At the same time, the battery production company is responsible, and the important embodiment is reflected in two aspects: On the one hand, the battery production company should adopt standard unity, open agreement, open materials, environmentally friendly; on the other hand, battery production should promptly Automotive production company and other supply power storage battery dismantles and storage technology information, if necessary, technical training, but also coordinate with car companies, according to national standards, the production power battery is coded, and promptly upload power battery coding by traceability information system Related Information. The intensive introduction of policies is like blowing a charge, and suddenly let the power lithium-ion battery recycling field are lively. Then, the intensive layout of major cars, dynamic lithium-ion batteries and environmental protection companies.

At the same time, the media on the 2018 dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling is also more than the argument. This year, 16 companies such as BYD and Chang'an have allocated my country Tower Company, and uses waste power lithium-ion batteries for energy storage. In addition, there is a move between BYD, Beiqi Xin Energy, Yunxia New Energy, SAIC, BMW BMW.

Battery manufacturer, Ningde Times and Beiqi, SAIC, and other car companies in cooperation, layout dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling business, and cooperation with Hunan Bangpu Circular Technology Co., Ltd., recycling of used batteries.

At the same time, the Bike Battery, Chaoyou Group, Guoxuan High Class, China AVC, etc. have relevant business. It is reported that the Bike Battery has realized the ability of the year to handle 20,000 scrapped vehicles and 30,000 tons of waste dynamic lithium-ion batteries.

Camel Shares issued on March 10 to invest 5 billion yuan in investment and construction of dynamic lithium-ion batteries in Guocheng County, Hubei Province. Xiong Shares announced on January 4th announced that it is intended to invest in the construction of battery green and environmentally friendly recycling projects in Chibi High-tech Zone. The total investment is about 1 billion yuan.

Tianqi Shares announced in the early December last year to invest nearly 300 million yuan in Shenzhen Diantai, layout dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling market. On December 25, the announcement is called, and it is proposed to acquire the main business to recover the Li Thai battery recovered by the M <000000> A Fund. Comprehensive utilization company, last year, Hi Yadi, Samsung cooperated with Green Mei, established Fujian Greenmei Recycling Resources Co.

, Ltd. Use the expansion project; Sander Group and Hunan Ningxiang County Government signed a waste battery resource system. The industry seems to be lively, but the overall is still in the low level of development.

my country's new energy automotive industry has begun to break out in 2015, even in accordance with the 5-year cycle, the first retired climax will only occur in 2020. According to 2010-2013 new energy cars, less than 50,000, and less than the various recycling companies. What's more, the dynamic lithium-ion battery design is far more than 5 years, so it will not have a lot of recycling needs in 2018.

In an interview, the car is disclosed, and the ownership after the car will go to the owner. The battery is the most expensive car parts. Consumers don't want to sell at low prices.

Recycling companies don't want high prices, now I am a car enterprise or Scrapped and recycling company, basically all in your own money. In addition, the surface seems to be layout, but in fact, there are still very few projects that are currently landing, the company is mostly recycled through distributors and repair stations. Whether it is a recycling outlet or a facility, it is still in an imperfect stage.

Finally, another performance of my country's dynamic lithium-ion battery has not arrived at the time of the user's responsibility and obligation. Most owners are not concerned about the recycling of powerful lithium-ion batteries after purchasing. One is the consciousness of the recycling, the second is No one supervises and punishment, car replacement or scrap, the power lithium-ion battery is usually unknown.

Therefore, in general, although there is no sound, the driving force, the powerful lithium-ion battery retirement tide will be, the powerful lithium-ion battery recycling industry will also usher in the development. But whether it is from the policy level or from the actual situation, this judgment is not reliable. The power lithium-ion battery recovery industry is currently in a small strategy of lightning and heavy rain.