Dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling channels and key technical decomposition

著者：Iflowpower – Olupese Ibusọ Agbara to ṣee gbe

In 2018, my country's new energy vehicle processing will exceed 1 million markings. In 2020, more than 2 million units will be more than 5 million. In 2015, my country promoted the first year of the new energy in China.

In 2018, the dynamic lithium-ion battery large-scale retirement tide is about to open. In 2019, it will enter the outbreak period. This paper analyzes three aspects of knowledge: First, the severity of the dynamic lithium-ion battery on environmental pollution; the second is the economics of the recycling of dynamic lithium-ion batteries; the third is the tight technology of the dynamic lithium-ion battery, and the power lithium-ion battery Recycling proposal.

First, the power lithium-ion battery has a large-scale retirement of the lithium-ion battery, which will have a negative impact on the environment, which will bring certain environmental pollution as waste. Although the lithium-ion powered lithium-ion battery does not contain a heavy metal element such as mercury, cadmium, lead and other heavily resistant metallic elements, and relative lead-acid batteries, the environmentally friendly is relatively high, but the metal ions of lithium ion power lithium ion batteries, the negative electrode The strong base and heavy metal ions in the carbon dust, the electrolyte may cause heavy environmental pollution, including pH of the soil. Metals and electrolytes in lithium-lithium battery, such as cobalt elements, may cause symptoms such as intestinal disorders, deafness, myocardial ischemia.

At present, my country's battery resource recycling has limited capacity. Most used batteries have not been effective. The currently desirable battery solution is to solidify, deposit in a wastewellar and other solutions.

If the scale is too large, it will give the natural environment. Potential threats with human health. In a word, if the lithium ion power lithium-ion battery is largely retired, people pay attention to high attention, not to be serious, and have a strong solving.

Second, the energy consumption of non-ferrous metal recovery and nickell metal refining process is analyzed, and the uniform content of lithium in the ternary battery is 1.9%, nickel 12.1%, cobalt 2.

3%; in addition, copper, aluminum, etc. 13.3% and 12.

7%. Cobalt has excellent ductility and ferromagnetic properties, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, widely used in aerospace, mechanical manufacturing, electronics, chemical, ceramics and other industrial categories. In 2015, the global output cobalt mine was 123,800 tons, the Congo (Jin) output cobalt mine, accounting for more than 50%, and my country only produced only 7,700 tons, accounting for 6.

2%. For my country, cobalt is a scarce resource. Therefore, recovery from waste batteries has increasing economics; lithium is a desire element in the dynamic lithium ion battery, and lithium resources are widely distributed in nature, but the extraction process industry of lithium resources is high.

Since the demand for new energy vehicles is increasing, more and more companies have begun to pay attention to the recycling of lithium-ion batteries, and collecting raw materials, processing batteries, with energy saving rates between 70% ~ 90%. By battery recovery of raw materials, processing batteries, there is absolute advantage in energy conservation and emission reduction, and its macro level economics is self-evident. Third, the dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling channel decomposing the power lithium ion battery After retiring from the car, the charge and discharge can not meet the dynamic needs of the vehicle, but the chemical composition inside the battery does not change, which can be used to the automotive energy requirements.

Lower places, using the power supply base station and street lights, low-speed electric vehicles, etc., and then go back to the recycling system after eliminating. Incident, divided into two cycling processes: 1 ladder utilization: The battery capacity is reduced, so that the battery cannot operate normally normally, can still be continuously used in other ways, for example for electric energy storage.

(Note: The battery itself has not been scrapped) 2 Disassembly recycling: The battery cannot be continuously used, the original is serious, but the battery is resolved, recovering the regenerative resources of using value. The Chinese government clearly adopts the processing of the processed responsibility extension system, see Figure (1). But implement this system, no hand.

The recycling channel has not yet been established, this is the key issue that is currently urgent. There is currently there are channels: 1 Recycling small workshop is wide, recycling costs. However, these small workshops, there is no technical protection means, it is easy to have safety priority 2 professional recycling company technology equipment advanced, process specification, strong strength, is a power lithium-ion battery recycling and use backbone company.

But how to protect these companies can be profitable? The market has not yet grown, how is government policy to implement, etc. 3 Waste Material Re-use Association for useful materials, the membership materials, the membership unit, the contact is relatively wide, the recycling network is relatively perfect. However, this organization is currently not carried out for the driving lithium-ion battery recycling business.

How to lay out the power lithium-ion battery recycling market? How to regulate the management? There is a lot of work to do. Fourth, the resource classification of waste lithium-ion batteries is classified according to different extraction process, and the recovery technology of lithium-ion batteries can be divided into three categories: (1) Dry recycling technology is tightly including mechanical separation and high temperature thermal solution. (Or high temperature metallurgy), see table (1).

The dry recycling process is short, and the more targeted recycling is not strong. It is a preliminary stage of achieving metal separation recovery. It is important to refer to the recovery method of the material or a privylene metal, which is not based on the medium, the pen, and the battery is broken and the battery is broken and the organic matter is removed and the organic matter is removed by the high temperature analysis.

Element recycling. (2) Wet recovery technology wet recovery technology has been complex, see Table (2), but the recovery rate of each price metal is high, it is currently consulted to solve the technology of waste nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium-ion batteries. The wet recovery technique is to transfer metal ions from the electrode material to the leaching medium, then by ion exchange, precipitation, adsorption, etc.

, and then the metal ions from the solution in the form of salts, oxides, etc. Extract. (3) Biological recovery technology: At present, research on biological recovery technology has just started, and it is the ideal direction of the development of lithium-ion battery recovery technology.

Biological recovery technology has the characteristics of low cost, small pollution, reusable. It is necessary to use microbial leaching to convert the useful portion of the system into a soluble compound and selectively dissolve, to obtain a solution containing a cost-containing metal, realizing the separation of the target portion and the impurity portion, and finally recovering lithium, etc. The entire recycling process is generally divided into 4 parts: (1) Pred-resolution; (2) electrode material repair; (3) priceable metal leaching; (4) chemical purification.

The first step: The pre-resolution process is to initially separate the price part of the old lithium-ion battery, efficiently selectively collect high value-added parts of the electrode material, so that the subsequent recovery process is smooth. The pre-solution process generally combines rupture, grinding, screening, and physical separation. Step 2: Material separation.

The previvation stage is enriched to obtain a mixed electrode material of the positive and negative electrode, in order to separate the co-recovery of Co, Li, etc., selectively extract the mixed electrode material. The process of material separation can also be recovered according to dry recovery, wet recovery and biological recovery.

Step 3: Chemical purification. Its object is to separate and purify the various high value-added metals in the solution obtained by the leaching process. 5.

Summary 1 Lithium-ion battery is more environmentally friendly than lead-acid batteries, but it also pollutes the environment. In the face of large-scale power lithium-ion batteries, the basic pathway used is: First, the ladder use; the second is the resource solution of the waste lithium ion battery. 2 The resource solution of waste lithium ion batteries is mature, do not worry too much.

3 Develop new energy vehicles, one is the measures taken by my country's government to respond to high-relying on auto (Chai) oil; the second is that the lithium-ion battery is more environmentally friendly than lead-acid batteries; Environmental issues, mature technology can be solved. .