Difficult policy and actual differences in power lithium battery recycling

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Soláthraí Stáisiún Cumhachta Inaistrithe

In recent years, domestic new energy vehicle market has continued to rise, and the demand for power lithium batteries is constantly rising. Since the new energy vehicle power lithium battery is 5-8 years, it is expected that the new energy vehicle and power lithium battery will enter the peak period of 1020, and there will be a new normal, and the recycling of powerful lithium batteries will be. Will determine the efficient cycle of the new energy industry chain and continue to develop.

Although the relevant departments of the state have not yet introduced a series of dynamic lithium battery recycling policies, the recycling of new energy vehicles and dynamic lithium batteries has emerged with policies, and the development of messy phenomena, even because of subsidies, there is a hidden danger of recovering fraudulent security. ,worry. I.

Domestic power lithium battery recycling status and trend 1. Continue to introduce heavy policies, dynamic lithium battery ladder utilization and recycling policy system tend to improve in recent years, the state attaches great importance to the construction of new energy automotive industrial systems, industrial planning, processing In terms of entry, special planning, demonstration promotion, etc. clearly propose the requirements for the recycling of the power lithium battery, and it is clearly related to the development direction of the industry.

As the new energy vehicle broke through 1% market share, the national authorities have announced the "Interim Method for the Administration of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Management", "Processor Responsibility Extension System" and other regulations, the automotive processing and power lithium battery The recycling has made detailed requirements, and the policy requirement is more detailed and clear. 2, domestic scrap-in-one power lithium battery is more than 10 billion, and the high-speed rising of lithium iron phosphate has driven the high-speed rise of new energy vehicles to drive the substantial increase in the amount of lithium-ion battery. Since 2010, my country's new energy automobile industry has developed rapidly, and sales from 5900 vehicles from 5.

07,000, new energy vehicles have exceeded 1 million. After nearly ten years of development, many new energy vehicles will be in the face of elimination. At present, the current domestic new energy vehicle lithium-ion battery has basically entered the small peak of scrapped.

It is expected that the 2018 movement lithium-ion battery market will exceed 14GWH. Surprised by the technical level, the powerful lithium battery in 2010, the commercial vehicle is based on the battery life, and the passenger car is estimated in 5 years, it is assumed that the lithium-ion battery recovery is 0.3 yuan / calculation, it is expected that 2020 Theoretical report will reach 37GWH, the power lithium-ion battery recovery market will exceed 11 billion.

Because domestic phosphate ion battery is earlier, the technology is relatively mature, there is a widely used in commercial vehicles, and most of BYD also uses lithium iron phosphate ion batteries, so the scrap time is relatively more. 3 The layout, basically form a lithium electrical material, the dynamic lithium battery system, the third-party mechanism three strong prototype. From the perspective of industrial health development, the recycling of power lithium batteries has extended the industrial layout, enhances the competitiveness of related companies, and effectively guarantee the supply of raw materials, and gradually constructs the industrial chain of resource recycling.

From the perspective of the power lithium battery line, the retired dynamic lithium battery ladder is launched by self-built or cooperated with third-party agencies, and the recovery of raw materials for lithium-ion batteries will help to alleviate the price increase of upstream materials and downstream vehicle companies. Equal pressure. From a lithium electrical material, the recovery of the power lithium battery can not only expand the supply channel of the raw material, but also protect the supply of raw materials, but also reduce procurement costs, improve product profitability, and further improve the industrial chain layout, and create a material system closed loop.

From the third party recycling, through cooperation with professional lithium-ion batteries and raw materials, adequate recycling with non-ferrous metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, lithium, iron and aluminum, and enhance the added value of the company. The premise is that the volume of the large-scale lithium-ion battery reclaims. 4, the dynamic lithium battery ladder use / recycle use has accelerated promotion and use (1) "Submission mode" + ladder utilization is limited to power lithium battery life, theoretical, "Substation + Ladder Utilization mode" can deliver power efficient release Lithium battery value.

The key point of the electric shock is to open the value chain. It should be considering the vehicle development design, the use of power-on institutions, the battery pack operations, and the battery is used to help improve the environmentally friendly environment of the electric vehicle environment, and Reduce industrial chain cost. This advantage of this "electric exchange + ladder utilization" mode is important in the car and electrical separation, and can be maintained by operators anytime, anywhere, physical examination, recycling, reuse, and update.

At present, domestic Beiqi new energy, car and home, and the company, the company use such a model, but the scale promotion and operation mode will face huge challenges. (2) The tradder utilization + recycling utilization of the dynamic lithium battery is still in the range of scenes. Bosch Group built 2MW / 2MWH large-scale photovoltaic power storage system with BMW's Activee and I3 pure electric vehicles; Hangzhou Tu Technology will have 80% -30% battery to use the battery on low-speed express logistics car, function , Performance can be comparable to lead-acid batteries, but also reduce use costs.

Therefore, attenuated power lithium batteries can still be promoted to use the low-speed electric vehicles, energy storage, distributed photovoltaic power generation and some household power, and use the value prospects. And recover for a thorough discarded battery, can be separated from pure metal, sufficient release of metal sales value. Through integration of automotive maintenance companies, battery processing companies, and scrapped automotive dismantling companies, establish a perfect recycling channel, carry out the technical reserves of the waste battery, and the important initiative of the recycling of lithium battery in the future.

Such as domestic Bangu Group, Greenmei and other companies have completed related layouts. Second, policy requirements and actual deviation decomposition 1, traditional car scrap recycling messy disorder, new energy automobile and power lithium battery difficult, although the domestic introduction of systemized automobile recycling policy, my country's traditional car scrap recycling rate is much lower than the United States , Germany, France and other developed countries are evenly affected by low. Due to the low influence of car recycling industry, industry supervision is not enough, "quasi-reported truck" is low and scrapped, and used cars and illegal business companies are flexible, and high-priced high-priced acquisition of scrap vehicles, leading to old cars The owner is more likely to find buyers in the second-hand car market rather than active scrap.

This kind of discontinuation of traditional cars may also occur in new energy vehicles and power lithium batteries. According to statistics, the current domestic 90% of the waste batteries have not recycled from regular channels. On the one hand, domestic new energy vehicle power lithium battery products have not yet formed a national battery unified code, and the recycling links are full of vulnerabilities.

It is likely to flow to the people, and civil recovery is actually based on individual private workshops, and the recycling is irregular. Ladder utilization of low-speed electric vehicles, charging treasure, etc., or do not standardize the disassembly and extraction of valuables, causing hidden dangers.

On the other hand, new energy power lithium battery recovery is emerging things, and the cost of recycling is high. Most of the company's technical means relatively backward, the equipment is simple, the recovery of dismantling operation is not standardized, not environmentally friendly, no saving, etc.; the dismantling efficiency is not high, resulting in waste and dismantling site environmental pollution.

Overall, my country's new energy vehicles and power lithium batteries are still immature in recycling, transportation, dismantling, and ladder utilization. 2. From the technical route, lithium iron phosphate has a long life, good cycle performance, high safety, to the energy storage category, and the ladder utilization has a comparative advantage; from the product structure, Super Wei battery research results Statement The product reaching 0.

3C or more is low in the storage area. Therefore, during the actual ladder utilization process, the dynamic lithium battery should be fully considered to test the battery's electrical performance and safety performance, and determine its energy storage and use requirements to incorporate it in. 3.

At present, despite the number of companies with powerful lithium battery recovery, dismantling and re-use qualification, lithium-ion battery material recovery technology is constantly iterative, but the battery dismantling recovery income is not optimistic. Although lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate ion battery, etc., the power lithium battery can be well safe, but some small-scale recycling manufacturers are important first to remove the battery to get positive, negative electrode, and then break the sort, recycling Copper, aluminum and battery materials no longer refine the power lithium battery precious metal, because it does not refine the noble metal to remain lost.

Because the current recovery cost is higher than the extraction material value - takes a general recovery company as an example, the value of materials extracted in a ton of lithium iron phosphate waste batteries (uniform recovery rate of 90%) is about 8,000 yuan, and the recovery cost can be The level of 8500 ~ 9000 yuan, so the phosphate ion battery recovery is difficult to achieve earnings at this stage. And the three-dimensional lithium battery is covered with noble metal elements such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, and lithium. It is theoretically capable of achieving a profitable - a ton of three-lithium waste cells (90% uniform recovery rate of 90%) about 37,000 yuan.

Recycling costs (including various artificial, equipment, etc.) will exceed 20,000 yuan. If it is a power lithium battery, the raw material is cobalt, and the nickel prices continue to rise, and the scale-based effectiveness of the pen-dismantling recovery will be much larger than the cascade utilization.

However, the three-yuan material waste battery still contains a high pressure of 300 ~ 1000V, if it is in recycling, dismantling, the operation is not properly operated, which may cause a variety of problems such as fire explosion, heavy metal pollution, organic waste emissions. Therefore, the recovery income of different lithium-ion batteries is completely different. The current stage, recovery of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese acid may also have to promote the national biological subsidy.

After all, the front-end processing of power lithium batteries has rely on subsidies development. The rear end must subsidize to promote, otherwise, the scale and order development of dynamic lithium battery dismantling will be greatly reduced. Third, the impact of deviation is not to ignore 1.

The potential environmental risks of the power lithium battery are still in fact. Many new energy car mainsmen have not had actual actions in power lithium battery recycling. More and the battery.

Vendors are entangled in "Recycling Subject Responsibility", leading to the driving lithium battery recycling more stay in research. If the new energy vehicle power lithium battery does not achieve effective dismantling recovery, it will inevitably generate hazardous solid waste, resulting in organic substances and heavy metal pollution. Despite the strong environmental protection characteristics, the new energy car has a targeted solution, and the scientificness and effectiveness of the recycling of lithium-ion batteries should be established as soon as possible.

First, the traditional car scrap and recycling market mess has not yet effective governance, the number of revisitors and lead-acid batteries have been informal acquisition, informal dismantling, and the recovery process has not been effectively supervised, and the recycling place is remote; second, the lack of lack of 2013 Qualified individuals and small workshops illegally recycle lead-acid batteries, straight discharge waste acid solution, has caused severe pollution in some regional environments, and after the end of the disease. 2. Such as 2 years of Beiqi EV150, the residual value is only 26,000 yuan, Jianghuai new car uses only 46% of the new car after the use of the new car.

Compared with the traditional fuel truck 2 years, the residual value is compared, the new energy car residual value of the same period is doubled. The new energy vehicle is too fast to depreciate is something that the owner is extremely reluctant to see. Then the owner hopes that the power lithium battery of the recycling is high, so that the value of the vehicle will be high.

Although the "Interim Method of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Management" has been introduced, the power-based battery design, access, processing, sales, maintenance replacement to the scrap and regeneration utilization are also proposed, but also proposed punishment mechanism, but supervision Performance will determine the effectiveness of power lithium battery recovery. It is also necessary to be alert, there have been a large number of waste batteries that have flowed into the informal channels. The unregarded recycling company has cost advantages, and this chaos bringing the industry will soon appear, and the supervisors urgently need to enhance the new energy vehicles and power lithium.

Supervision of battery recycling channels. 3, scrap dynamic lithium battery or will have a sprouting of new energy cars in some areas, which has emerged in some areas of the spoofing, this and new energy vehicle power lithium battery life, retirement period, and new energy vehicle and power lithium battery residual value are closely related. In general, the general fuel truck is scrapped, and the residual value of consumers is generally low.

For example, the accident car, if the traditional car collision is distinct, the maintenance is not strong, the general pen will sell the car as a scrap iron to the recycling company or the car repair factory, and the practical revenue is about 500 yuan; if it is the maintenance value , The automobile recovery company or automotive maintenance factory is generally evaluated by the best-selling, guarantee, etc. of the model and then priced, most of the price of several thousand yuan, and then waiting for useful parts to disassemble the sale of sales, left Most of the parts are all taken when scrapped. Normal annual restricted car is also the same way of operation, most of the products price is around 10,000 yuan.

Then, in the case of no national subsidies, the price is close to the price of traditional products, the insurance bought is also the price before subsidies. Then this will give a few opportunities for a few consumers. Combined with existing vehicle loss insurance policies, if it is in an accident (including manufacturing accident), the loss of new energy vehicles will reach 50% to 80% of the new car, enough to allow consumers with "subsidized bonus" Re-purchase a new new energy car.

The new energy car residual rate is low, and the dynamic lithium battery recovery and ladder is not high. The profit margin of "fraudulent" is enough to allow consumers to walk. After all, the country does not purchase the number and time of private consumers to purchase new energy vehicles.

Require. Overall, the use of new energy vehicles is also difficult to compare traditional cars. The end consumers are difficult to obtain enough residual benefits, and the income of recycling and re-manufacturing companies is not high.

This may be the fundamental of new energy vehicle power lithium batteries. Original. IV.

Relevant proposals With the acceleration of new energy automobile commercialization, the annual production and sales volume of domestic new energy vehicles will quickly reach millions of grades, and new energy vehicle power lithium battery annual report will continue to innovate, and it is expected that more than 2020 will be super 100GWH, this will bring huge stress and test to the domestic ecological environment. Although the dynamic lithium battery recycling series has been introduced, traditional cars recycling and re-manufacturing have a new feature of new energy vehicles and dynamic lithium battery recycling industries, which makes challenges for future health development, and to meet challenges I would like to propose the following proposal: 1. Establish a traceability, monitorable waste power lithium battery recovery system, focus on the production, circulation, recycling of power lithium batteries, and prevent the scrap and recycling of non-formal channels.

2, actively explore the ladder utilization technology of the power lithium battery, with the principle of safe and high efficiency and low cost, to take different tradder-use restructuring strategies for different models. 3. Improve the power lithium battery dismantling recovery technology, differentiated dismantling recovery of different technology routes, improve the recovery rate of noble metal elements such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium.

4, highly attach great importance to the "fraud" phenomenon of new energy vehicles and dynamic lithium batteries, to prevent measures in advance. .