Analysis of the status quo and difficulty of recycling of dynamic lithium ion battery

Tác giả ：Iflowpower – Добављач преносних електрана

Starting from 2018, my country's first new energy car lithium-powered lithium-ion battery in China will face the issue of scrap recovery. It is predicted that in 2018, my country's powered lithium-ion battery waste recycling market will begin a scale, and the cumulative use of waste-powered lithium-ion batteries exceeds 12GWH, with a scrap volume of more than 170,000 tons, from the recovery of cobalt, nickel, manganese, lithium, iron and aluminum and aluminum. The scale of recycling market will exceed 5.

3 billion yuan. By 2020, my country's car lithium-ion battery will reach 200,000 tons. With the development and time of new energy vehicles, the pressure of the dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery will be larger.

In fact, in 2015, the annual report of waste-powered lithium-ion batteries is 2 to 40,000 tons. The corresponding battery recovery is only 2%, namely 0.04 to 0.

08 million tons. With an existing recovery ability, you want to take a "burden" in the next 200,000 tons, undoubtedly a drop in the water sain. Policy: Intensive drums, successively introduced 2016, the State Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Development and Reform Commission announced the "Electric Automotive Power Battery Recycling Technology Policy", the policy is clear, who is polluting with who controls.

This also means that the power production company and automakers have unneasable responsibility on the problem of dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery. In January 2017, the General Office of the State Council announced the "Producer's Responsibility Extension System", determining the extension of 4 types of products such as electrical electronics, automobiles, lead-acid batteries and packaging materials, and gradually establish national unified automobiles Lifecycle information management system, strengthen recycling management. In the beginning of 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Recycling Resources", and "Carrying out new energy vehicle power lithium-ion battery recycling pilot, establishing a refinement of waste power lithium ion battery resource Using standard system, advancement of waste dynamic lithium-ion batteries.

Status: An imminent, pressure-reducing system data shows that the total production of new energy vehicles is 674,000 in the first half of 2016. Not far from the future, this new energy car's vehicle power lithium-ion battery will face "recycling" embarrassment. Throughout my country's lithium-ion battery recovery, the main body of the recycling of the powerful lithium-ion battery in the market is important to recycle small workshops, professional recycling companies, lack of recycling systems with power lithium-ion battery or electric vehicles or electric vehicles.

At the same time, there are many domestic dynamic lithium-ion battery models, and the battery pack structure is not uniform. The assembly process and technology are very different. The unpacking process is very high for the overall technical requirements of the production line.

The size of the recycling company in the market is different, and the process equipment is behind, and a few companies that do not have recycling qualifications are illegally engaged in the recycling of waste-powered lithium-ion batteries. However, if the registered regular company registered according to law, obtain qualifications and emissions according to national standards, it will definitely lack competitiveness in the recovery price, although the ladder is theoretically a very good way, but the current lithium-ion battery It's hard to implement for it. Today, the introduction of policies and the development of new energy automotive industries, on the one hand, the company puts forward mandatory measures.

On the other hand, it also depicts the "Future Unlimited" blueprint for the battery recovery market. For multi-party considerations, some companies have started layout. This is there in traditional recycling companies, smelting companies, materials companies, battery companies and new energy automobile companies, etc.

However, the recycling industry has its industry characteristics, only with a blood of blood, lacks technology precipitation, it is difficult to do long-term. Difficult: Thorns is full of road, ten sides Chu songs, although many calls for "recycling", actually visits, the author discovers the waste recycling station of many first-tier cities does not purchase the power lithium-ion battery. Some hawkers who collect waste have said: "Lead-acid batteries will get, direct disassembly, the lead plate inside can sell money.

Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, asazi ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nayo, asiyitholi. "The market is keen, the waste station does not harmonize the lithium-ion battery, which proves that the battery" does not make money ". Like traditional plastics, paper, metal recycling, from production to recovery, it has long formed closed loop.

Don't go to find, will "automatically send the door". Dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery clearly does not meet the level of closing of traditional material recovery. From the perspective of the profit, the cost of recovering 1 ton of waste phosphate dynamic lithium ion batteries is 8540 yuan, and the regeneration material has only 8110 yuan, and the actual loss is 430 yuan.

The "recycling" is in such a "embarrassment" situation, there is the following aspects. The first is theoretical aspect. The power lithium-ion battery is a key core component of new energy vehicles.

The recycling process has a much higher technical complexity than small batteries, and the professional technical disciplines involved are also a wide range, including chemical, material engineering, electrochemical, machinery, vehicles. Equal disciplines, the past recycling company as long as you have a good understanding of the battery industry, now you have to understand the automotive industry. The customer's demand has changed, and the original company's basic theory of the company has to improve.

Second, the power lithium-ion battery itself. The battery received by the recycling company includes various forms, sizes, specifications, packages, design processes, and stringed forms, and many factors such as diversified service time, application models and use conditions, etc. Packaging fixture, it is difficult for companies to achieve large-scale batch dismantling, and also bring great difficulties to "ladder use".

At the same time, the dynamic lithium-ion battery dismantling will also involve heavy metals, organic electrolyte, etc., which will also involve environmental protection, and for the recovery of dynamic lithium-ion batteries, each link is critical. The battery system design is completely different makes it impossible to use the same set of dismantlement pipelines suitable for all battery packs and modules, resulting in extreme inconvenience when the battery is dismantled.

Most of the domestic relying on manual dismantling, the skill level of workers directly affect the efficiency of battery recovery process. At the same time, because the battery pack itself has high energy, short circuit, leakage, etc., thereby causing fire or explosion, leading to personal injury and property loss.

Third, the ladder use aspect. Retired dynamic lithium-ion batteries still maintain 70% -80% initial energy, if directly disassemble recovery, it will cause waste. Therefore, the ideal condition is the first to use the retired battery, such as manufacturing storage equipment such as home, mobile power, reserve power, emergency power supply and other energy storage equipment.

After elimination, resource recycling. However, in practice, it is required that the battery is set, the installation, power interface, signal interface, and various agreements, voltage grades, etc. must be unified.

Due to the poor quality of retired batteries, the quality is not high, lack of safety and stability, before the technical maturity, it is not suitable for the ladder. Four is technical aspects. Direct recovery of positive electrode materials, negative electrode materials, electrolytes, diaphragm, etc.

from waste lithium ion batteries. Futhi phakathi nenqubo yokudilizwa, ubunkimbinkimbi bezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinqubo zokukhiqiza ibhethri nezokuklama, ama-skewers afaniswa ngamaqembu, isevisi kanye nesikhathi sokusebenzisa, ukuhlukahluka kwamamodeli nezimo zokusetshenziswa kuzothinta izinga lokudiliza ubunzima nokuphepha. The original traditional wet smelting and manual dismantling technology solves the environmental protection issues and safety issues caused by the complex structure of the dynamic lithium-ion battery, and there is also a directional synthesis problem of materials.

Fifth is the construction of business model. The dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery system is more complicated, and there are more related parties involved in the automotive factor, the battery factory, and the difference in the dynamic lithium-ion battery structure of different automakers, the material system and the application carrier are also different, and the deadline for its life cycle is also Different, the internationalized lever use of strategic resources such as cobalt nickel lithium is added, so that the power lithium-ion battery is difficult to "like other recycling models". Want to establish a perfect recycling system, urgently need the car company, the powerful lithium-ion battery company, the recycling company, and the mutual cooperation between government departments.

Future: Improve technology, the heart is hoping that the power lithium-electric recycling industry must also control the relevant policy to step up, develop powerful lithium-ion battery recovery rewards and punishments from the national level. Despite the premise of environmentally friendly basic national policy, no company dare to speed up the line, even if it is only possible to pay the waste battery in the warehouse, it can also prevent large-scale secondary pollution in the non-regulated state. However, at this stage, the implementation of the policy is required to promote the development of dynamic lithium-electric recovery.

In addition, the recovery of the dynamic lithium-ion battery should further improve the standardization of the power lithium-ion battery, and increase the implementation of the power, but also the operation data of the power lithium ion battery during service. The ladder can use the manufacturer to establish the life model of the battery module according to this data. Only non-stop research technology, improve metal smelting efficiency and cost reduction, and it is possible to establish new commercial operation mode, and create profits for the powerful lithium-ion battery recycling industry.

The ladder of the dynamic lithium-ion battery uses the derivatives, the customer will have a certain obstacle to the performance, life, reliability, safety of the product in the case of informed. In terms of product promotion and application, we must fully consider the current status and demands of customers, combining a variety of business operations, and get their own interests on the basis of profitability. It can fully learn from some of the successful related experience in other industries, such as installment payment, time-time lease, profitable settlement, managed operation, and even free supply, etc.

, explore the effective business model of the ladder utilization. At present, the operation mode of the domestic automobile power lithium-ion battery recovery industry is still in the stage of exploration. It is necessary to establish an industry alliance to establish a healthy industrial chain to find a feasible profit point.

In the future, with the expansion of the industrial scale, industry standards and laws and regulations gradually sound, recycling channels and recovery costs will become the core of this industry competition.