Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Failure Analysis thiab Fault Mechanism ntawm Lithium Ion Battery

著者：Iflowpower – Fornitur Portable Power Station

Cov tiam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm 1SEI zaj duab xis yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam lithium-ion roj teeb, thiab lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm poob yog los ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm graphite thiab organic electrolyte, thiab cov graphite tau yooj yim electrochemically reacted nrog lithium ion organic electrolyte, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kuab tshuaj yog vinyl carbonate (EC) thiab dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Thaum lub lithium ion roj teeb nyob rau hauv thawj zaug them (theem), qhov tsis zoo electrolyte thiab lithium ion electrolyte tshwm sim thiab lithium ion electrolyte tshwm sim thiab ib txheej ntawm cov khoom electrolyte interface (SEI) zaj duab xis yog tsim nyob rau hauv graphite nto, uas yuav ua rau ib feem ntawm lub irreversible muaj peev xwm. SEI zaj duab xis ua kom muaj kev sib kis ntawm ions thaum tiv thaiv cov tshuaj reactive, thiab tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv roj teeb thaum tiv thaiv cov khoom siv.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej ntawm lub roj teeb, txij li qhov kev nthuav dav tas mus li thiab kev cog lus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua rau lub chaw ua haujlwm tshiab nthuav tawm, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, uas yog, lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb tsis tu ncua. Qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov txheej txheem electrochemical txo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov electrode, uas yog qhia raws li kev nce ntxiv hauv cov tuab ntawm SEI zaj duab xis. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev kawm ntawm SEI zaj duab xis tshuaj Cheebtsam thiab morphology yuav ua tau ntau nyob rau hauv-tob, ua rau lithium-ion roj teeb muaj peev xwm thiab lub hwj chim poob.

SEI zaj duab xis tsim txheej txheem Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim kawm txog qhov ntawm SEI daim nyias nyias los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov kev sim ntawm cov roj teeb me me. Cov txheej txheem disassembly ntawm lub roj teeb yog nqa tawm hauv lub thawv aerosolic inert gas hnab ( <5 ppm). After the battery is disassembled, it can pass a nuclear magnetic resonance technology (NMR), a flight time secondary ion mass spectrometry (TEMS), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), an atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray absorption spectrum (XAF), and Infrared (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy and other test methods study the thickness, morphology, composition, growth process and mechanism of SEI membranes.

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau txoj kev sim tau siv los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm SEI zaj duab xis, qhov tseeb qauv ntawm SEI zaj duab xis loj hlob hauv lub roj teeb yog siv los ua tus cwj pwm ntau dua thiab ncaj qha. Qhov nyuaj yog tias SEI zaj duab xis yog qhov nyuaj nrog ntau yam khoom xws li cov organic thiab inorganic, thiab cov khoom xyaw yog qhov nyuaj, thiab nws yooj yim heev thiab yooj yim los teb rau ib puag ncig. Yog tias nws tsis tsim nyog, nws yog qhov nyuaj kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm SEI zaj duab xis.

Lub thickening ntawm SEI zaj duab xis yog ib tug raug electrochemical parasitic sab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kinetics, loj hloov txheej txheem, thiab structural geometry ntawm lub roj teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov ntawm SEI zaj duab xis tsis ncaj qha mus rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thiab nws cov decomposition tsuas yog ua rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub roj teeb, uas nyob rau hauv lem tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj decomposition, thiab kub hnyav yuav ua rau thermal tawm ntawm kev tswj. Hauv FMMEA, kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm SEI zaj duab xis yog suav tias yog ib qho kev poob, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb kom txo tau lub peev xwm thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sab hauv.

2 Lithium dendrites tsim, yog tias lub roj teeb tau them sai sai ntawm qhov ceev tam sim no siab dua li nws qhov ntsuas tam sim no, thiab qhov chaw tsis zoo yog yooj yim tsim los ua cov hlau lithium dendride. Qhov no dendritic siv lead ua yooj yim rau tho lub diaphragm, ua rau luv luv Circuit Court hauv lub roj teeb. Qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb puas, thiab nws nyuaj rau kev kuaj xyuas ua ntej lub roj teeb luv luv.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog kev loj hlob ntawm lithium dendride thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lithium dendrites thiab lithium ion diffusion peev xwm ntawm lithium dendrites. Kev sim qhia tau hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm lithium delegra yog qhov nyuaj rau kev kuaj xyuas lossis soj ntsuam hauv cov roj teeb ua tiav, thiab cov qauv tam sim no tsuas yog txwv rau kev loj hlob ntawm lithium dendrites nyob rau hauv ib qho system. Hauv kev sim, cov roj teeb pob tshab tsim los ntawm quartz iav tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawm lithium dendrites hauv qhov chaw.

Tus kws tshawb fawb Zhang Yuegono hauv Suzhou Nanotechnology thiab Nano Bionic Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm hauv kuv lub tebchaws tau nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov lithium dendrites (raws li qhia los ntawm video) thev naus laus zis hauv scanning electron microscope (SEM) technology. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev lag luam lithium-ion roj teeb system, nws nyuaj rau ua tiav qhov kev soj ntsuam thawj zaug ntawm lithium ceg. Qhov xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb yog saib xyuas nws cov lithium ceg crystals los ntawm dismantling lub roj teeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov haujlwm ntawm lithium ceg yog siab heev, nws nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tiam. Zier et al. Thov kom kos electrode electron micrograms los ntawm dyeing cov qauv electrode los txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm dendrites.

Yog hais tias ua ntej lub roj teeb dismantion, tiam ntawm lithium ceg siv lead ua tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv luv luv Circuit Court nyob rau hauv, ces ib feem ntawm lub dendritic siv lead ua tej zaum yuav nyuaj rau soj ntsuam vim hais tias cov loj heev mem tes tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub luv luv Circuit Court tej zaum yuav ua rau lithium ceg crystallization. Lub hauv paus microporous kaw ntawm lub diaphragm qhia tau hais tias qhov kev loj hlob txoj hauj lwm ntawm lithium dendrites, tab sis cov khoom no tej zaum yuav overheating ib nrab los yog tshwm sim los ntawm hlau impurity paug. Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov qauv tsis ua haujlwm los kwv yees qhov tshwm sim ntawm lithium ceg, thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev kawm txog lub neej thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm sib txawv.

3 Lub pollization ntawm cov khoom active khoom yog tsis sib luag nyob rau hauv lub dispensing ntawm ceev ceev thiab tawm los yog electrode active tshuaj, cov active khoom yog nquag mus rau hmoov los yog fragmentation. Feem ntau, raws li lub roj teeb txuas ntxiv, cov micron-qhov loj me, qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm ion tuaj yeem tawg. Thawj qhov tawg tuaj yeem pom tau los ntawm SEM ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm.

Raws li kev rov ua dua ntawm lithium ions, cov kab nrib pleb txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv, ua rau cov khoom tawg. Cov khoom tawg yuav nthuav tawm qhov chaw tshiab, thiab SEI zaj duab xis yog tsim los ntawm qhov chaw tshiab. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsom xam ntawm lithium ion embedding kev ntxhov siab, tsim cov khoom siv roj teeb electrode zoo dua.

Christensen thiab Newman et al. Tsim thawj lithium-ion embedded qauv kev ntxhov siab, thiab lwm cov kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav dav cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, thiab cov duab geometric morphology ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Ion embedded stress model yuav pab cov neeg tshawb nrhiav los tsim cov tshuaj nquag.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov poob ntawm lub peev xwm thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau kawm ntxiv, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov particle fragmentation tau ua tiav los kwv yees lub neej ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb. Lub ntim hloov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis raug tshem tawm nrog cov khoom siv tam sim no, yog li qhov no ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis muaj. Cov txheej txheem inconed lithium ntawm cov khoom siv yog nrog los ntawm ion migration thiab sab nraud electron tsiv teb tsaws hauv lub roj teeb.

Txij li cov electrolyte yog hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, tsuas yog ions tuaj yeem muab tau. Kev coj ntawm electrons yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov conductive network tsim los ntawm electrode nto los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev conductive. Kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau qee cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ua ib qho kev sib cais, uas tsis muaj.

Qhov kev hloov ntawm cov qauv electrode no tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm kev ntsuas ib txoj hauv kev xws li porosity lossis ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem no tseem tuaj yeem raug milling los ntawm milling lub electrode nto siv lub focal ion beam (FIB), siv SEM los ua morphological soj ntsuam los yog X-ray tomography siv SEM. Si tsis zoo electrode cov khoom yog ntxuav thiab disengaged los ntawm cov conductive network.

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo yog feem ntau hloov pauv hlau oxide, xws li lithium cobaltate (LiMn2O4), lossis polyanate Lithium ntsev, lithium hlau phosphate (LifePo4). Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog embedded cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanisms, thiab lawv cov kev ntxhov siab mechanisms thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam feem ntau yog vim lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm granules thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov tshuaj nquag saum toj no. SEI zaj duab xis kuj tsim thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov zoo electrode, tab sis qhov saum npoo ntawm qhov zoo electrode muaj lub peev xwm siab, thiab nws cov yeeb yaj kiab SEI yog nyias thiab ruaj khov.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv electrode zoo kuj raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob sab hauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub roj teeb overchaired. Thaum lub sij hawm them nqi, cov electrolyte yuav tsis ruaj tsis khov nyob rau hauv lub siab, uas ua rau ib tug electrolyte thiab cov zoo electrode active tshuaj, uas ua rau lub internal kub ntawm lub roj teeb mus ntxiv, thiab cov khoom zoo electrode tso tawm oxygen. Ntxiv kev txhim kho, ua rau thermal tawm ntawm kev tswj, nws yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub roj teeb.

Cov khoom siv electrode zoo uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm them ua ntej tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov roj chromatography los soj ntsuam lossis kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm X-ray spectrum nrhiav kom pom cov khoom siv electrode. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no tsis muaj tus qauv ua tsis tiav uas tuaj yeem kwv yees sab hauv ntawm lub roj teeb los ntawm cov pa roj ntau dhau. Cov ntsiab lus: Cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb zoo thiab cov khoom tsis zoo electrode yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm SEI daim nyias nyias, tsim cov lithium delegated siv lead ua los yog tooj liab crystals, cov hmoov ntawm cov khoom nquag thiab cov cua sov decomposition gas, thiab lwm yam.

Ntawm lawv, tiam ntawm lithium derivatives los yog tooj liab delegths, cov khoom decomposition gas yog yooj yim los ntawm thermal tawm ntawm kev tswj ntawm tes, ua rau lub combustion ntawm lub roj teeb, thiab txawm tawg. Qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion yog tshuaj xyuas los ntawm hom faded, thiab cov txheej txheem yog optimized los ntawm optimizing lub roj teeb cov khoom, qauv, thiab txhim kho ib puag ncig adaptability, kev cia siab thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub roj teeb. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib qho kev taw qhia tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv lub roj teeb.