Ukululama okuvamile kungaphansi kuka-30% ibhethri le-asidi yomthofu emoshayo "ikhaya likamama" kunzima ukulithola

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Ngokwemibiko, ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid kazwelonke yokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokugaywa kabusha kokukhiqizwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid nokugaywa kabusha kokukhiqizwa kwebhethri le-lead-asidi nokugaywa kabusha, ukugaywa kabusha, iphrojekthi yokuvuselela, njll., njll. Kusukela kububanzi bukazwelonke, izosebenzisa iziqondiso ezithile ekumiseni ukutholwa kokutholwa kwebhethri le-asidi kadoti.

Ngophenyo, umbhali uthole ukuthi ebhekene nokutholakala kwebhethri le-lead-acid edidayo njengamanje kanye nokungcoliswa kwe-asidi yomthofu, ngokushesha ukuze kusungulwe uhlelo lokubuyisela oluphoqelekile oluzwakalayo ngenxa yezimo zendawo. Ukuthobela isiqondiso senqubomgomo, ukubambisana komnyango, izinyathelo eziningi, ukuvuselelwa kabusha, kuqinisa ngokuqinile ukutholwa kwebhethri elinomthofu, ukunqanda ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nezingozi zemvelo ezibangelwa ukulahla ngokungemthetho amabhethri aneasidi yomthofu. Ngokusho kwedatha efanelekile, inombolo yezwe lami yonyaka yamaqoqo kadoti idlule ku-3.

3 million tons, kuyilapho ukubuyiswa kabusha kwamayunithi ebhizinisi aphethe ilayisense yebhizinisi lemfucuza eyingozi kungaphansi kwama-30%, kanti ezinye izindawo ziphansi kakhulu. Inani elikhulu lebhethri le-lead-acid likadoti lidayiselwa izinkampani ezilahlwayo ngokungemthetho ngemihume yokugaywa kabusha. Muva nje, umbhali wabona ukubuyiswa kwebhethri ye-lead-acid emfucumfucu eminyangweni efanelekile, inani elikhulu lamabhethri e-lead-acid asetshenzisiwe asebenzisa izimoto ezihlukahlukene ukuze athumele ukuthunyelwa kwamahhala; izindawo zokugcina zazilula, ngisho nokupakisha okuvulekile, ngokuyisisekelo zingekho izinyathelo zemvelo; abadayisi abancane abengeziwe Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokuhamba, ibhethri lihlakaziwe ngaphambi kokuthengisa udoti kuholela emihumeni yokutakula, futhi uketshezi lwe-asidi yomthofu luyashiswa.

Umbhali uthole ukuthi okungenani amabili% amabhethri e-lead-asidi kadoti ashiye ikesi yebhethri kuphela. Njengoba insimu yoketshezi oluneasidi yomthofu ingenakubanjwa, umnyango wokugada ngokuvamile awunawo amandla okucekela phansi imvelo. Mayelana nebhethri le-asidi yomthofu etholiwe, imigodi egaywe kabusha izothengiselwa amabele amancane noma indawo yokusebenzela encane ngemva kokuthola umehluko othile, futhi ukugaywa kabusha kochwepheshe akunakwenzeka.

Inqubo enjalo yokugaywa kabusha ayibukelwa phansi endaweni ezungezile. Ucwaningo lombhali luthole ukuthi kunezici ezi-3 ngenxa yokutholakala ngendlela ehlelekile kwebhethri le-lead-acid ewudoti. Okokuqala, kuthintwa umehluko wentengo yokubuyisela, futhi inkampani esemthethweni yokubuyisela kabusha ayikwazi ukuncintisana nabathengisi abazimele.

Oketshezini olune-asidi yomthofu ngaphandle kwenani lokugaywa kabusha, izinkampani ezilahlwa ngokungemthetho amabhethri e-lead-acid azenzi ukwelashwa okungenangozi, futhi izindleko zokulahlwa ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke, intengo yabo abathola umkhondo wokutholwa emakethe nayo iphakeme kunenkampani evamile. Ngokuqhutshwa yintshisekelo yezomnotho, kunemoto, indawo yokukhanda izimoto zikagesi izodayiswa ngokwemvelo, ubani odayisela bani, ukuze kube nzima ukulahla udoti wamabhethri ane-asidi yomthofu, futhi ukulahlwa ngokusemthethweni kwebhizinisi lenkampani kubanda.

Okwesibili, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokwesekwa kwenqubomgomo, uhlelo olujwayelekile lokugaywa kabusha alukasungulwa. Nakuba ibhethri ye-lead-acid ewudoti isivele ifakiwe ohlwini Lwemibhalo Yemfucuza Eyingozi Kazwelonke, futhi izwe liphinde lakhipha "Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe Zokulawula Ukungcola Kwebhethri Lokuthola Ibhethri" (HJ519-2009), ukulahlwa kwensiza okungenangozi kokulahlwa kwemfucuza yamabhethri e-asidi yomthofu Yenza kucace. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenza, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo eyisibopho kanye nokuvikeleka okuyisisekelo okuhambisanayo, ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kunzima ukukubona esikhathini esifushane, okuholela ekuhloleni okuhlukahlukene kanye nokusungulwa kwesistimu yokuvuselela kabusha futhi kune-asidi encane esebenzayo, emisiwe yodoti oholayo Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokuvuselela ibhethri kuyi-hysteresis.

Okwesithathu, ibhethri le-lead-acid engcolile linemithombo ehlukahlukene, futhi umnyango wokuvikela imvelo usebenza ngesandla esisodwa. Imoto yamanje evamile ye-4S shop waste-catalyst isezingeni elifanele, kodwa imoto, indawo yokugcinwa kwemoto kagesi ihlakazekile, isikali sihlukile, inani likhulu, ibhethri le-lead-asidi yokulahlwa lidida kakhulu, eliye landisa nomnyango wokuphatha. Ubunzima bokulawula.

Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokubuyisela ibhethri le-lead-asidi udoti kuwumsebenzi omkhulu wesistimu yezenhlalo ehlanganisa izici eziningi zokuphathwa komphakathi. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindlela zokusebenza, eminye iminyango noma amayunithi awazimisele ukubamba iqhaza, umnyango olawula udoti oyingozi kuphela ovame ukuba nzima ukuwuxazulula. Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa amabhethri e-lead-acid angcolile kwaziwa kahle, futhi umthofu wensimbi enzima nesisombululo se-electrolyte kunzima kakhulu ukuwohloka futhi ube nobuthi.

Ukulahlwa okungekho emthethweni, akugcini nje ngokungcolisa kakhulu inhlabathi namanzi imvelo, kodwa futhi kubangela umonakalo emoyeni, ibhalansi yemvelo, futhi kuzodala izifo zabantu. Ngakho-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwamanje kokutholakala ngendlela ehlelekile kwamabhethri e-lead-acid akhona manje, kuyaphuthuma ukusungula uhlelo olujwayelekile lokugaywa kabusha kwesikhungo, kuvinjwe ukuba sengcupheni kokungcoliswa kwebhethri le-lead-acid endala. Mayelana nalokhu, umbhali unezincomo ezi-3.

Okokuqala, thuthukisa imithetho efanele nezimiso ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi wenqabe ngokuqinile ukulahlwa kabusha okungekho emthethweni kwebhethri elidala le-asidi yomthofu. Nakuba ezinye izindawo zikhiphe "Isaziso Sokuqinisa Ukulawulwa Kokubuyisela Ukuvuselelwa Kwemithombo Yokudoti", ukulungiswa okukhethekile kwamabhethri e-lead-acid angcolile kuyenziwa, kodwa ukuphathwa kwamabhethri e-lead-acid akukafiki ezingeni lemithetho nemithethonqubo. , Kusekhona into ethi "i-tube aired".

Ukushoda kwezisekelo ezihlala isikhathi eside zokuphatha ngaphansi kwezingqinamba zomthetho, kunzima futhi ngokuyisisekelo ekuziphatheni kokulahla okungekho emthethweni. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ubhekisele esimweni esifanele saseYurophu nase-United States, futhi usebenzise imithetho neziqondiso ukuze uqinisekise ukutholakala nokulahlwa okulinganiselwe kwamabhethri e-lead-acid. Okwesibili, hlanganisa amandla ahlukene okuphatha komphakathi, hlola ukusungulwa kohlelo oluphelele nolusebenzayo lokugaywa kabusha.

Mayelana nokusungulwa kwesistimu yokubuyisela ejwayelekile, amaphuzu abalulekile kanye nobunzima emotweni engakahleleki, indawo yokulungisa imoto kagesi. Nakuba ingekho imikhondo yemfucuza eminingi lapho indawo yokulungisa ngayinye yenzeka nsuku zonke, lezi zindawo zokulungisa zikhulu, futhi inani lamabhethri e-lead-asidi engcolile aphuma kulezi zindawo ngokwemvelo likhulu ngokwedlulele. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa, incane uma kuqhathaniswa nezingqinamba zayo ezisebenzayo, okuholela eqinisweni lokuthi kuvame ukuba nzima ukumisa ukubuyiswa kwebhethri layo le-asidi kadoti.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele sinamathele ekubopheni i-blocker, futhi sakhe uhlelo lokubuyisela oluhlelekile olunamandla amaningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka ukuvimba, ukusebenzisa idolobha, ithimba ledolobhana eliphethe ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwezemvelo, ithimba lezomthetho likamasipala wedolobha, njll., bahlukanise ukulahlwa kwebhethri okuholela ekuthengisweni nokuqondisa, futhi bayeke ngisho nokuphenya ngokucophelela futhi babhekane nokuziphatha okungekho emthethweni kokudayiswa kabusha.

Ingase futhi ihlanganiswe nomnyango wezokuthutha womnyango wezokuthutha, futhi "Ilayisensi Yebhizinisi Lezokuthutha Emgwaqweni" ihoxiswa ngokomthetho ngokomthetho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngesisekelo sokunikeza isikhuthazo senqubomgomo yezezimali neyentela, nikeza ukudlala okuphelele ekusetshenzisweni kwenkampani esemthethweni yokugaywa kabusha, ngokusebenzisa isiqondiso sikahulumeni, sungula isethi yamabhethri e-lead-asidi kadoti ekugayweni kabusha kwansuku zonke noma indawo egxilile yokugaywa kabusha kanye nokuthutha, isitoreji, nesistimu yokuphatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka futhi ukuhlola ukuthi ubani okhiqizwayo, obuyiselwa kabusha.

Kafushane, akudingekile kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imfucuza ingatholwa, kodwa yamukelwe ngokuphelele, futhi kuyadingeka ukufeza ukuxhumana okungenamthungo kusuka ekubukeni. Okwesithathu, ukukhuthaza ngamandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion ukuthi athathe indawo yamabhethri e-lead-acid, futhi alwele ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwe-asidi yomthofu. Okwamanje, nakuba iningi labantu libonile ukuthi ukwelashwa kwebhethri le-asidi ewumthofu kuzodala ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo, kuthintwa isici senani, abantu abaningi bazokhetha intengo yemoto kagesi yebhethri yomthofu eshibhile uma bethenga izimoto zikagesi.

Mayelana nalokhu, iminyango kahulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga kufanele ithathe izinyathelo zokukhuthaza ngamandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion athatha indawo yamabhethri e-lead-asidi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele sikhulise ukukhangisa, sivumele abantu baqhubeke beqaphela umehluko ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kumabhethri e-lithium-ion namabhethri e-lead-acid, futhi sizuze ukusekelwa kwawo wonke umphakathi, siqondise wonke umuntu ukuba adele izithakazelo zabo zezomnotho ukuze bavikele imvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele yamukelwe ngokufanelekile, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa isilinganiso sentela, ukuthuthukisa intela yemoto kagesi yebhethri eliholayo, yehlise amabhethri angaphathani imvelo njengamabhethri e-lithium-ion, izimoto zikagesi, noma unikeze umxhaso wemoto.

Kwesinye isibonelo, cindezela kancane kancane ukukhiqizwa kwemoto kagesi yebhethri le-lead-acid, futhi imakethe izokhetha imoto kagesi yebhethri ye-lithium-ion, ngaleyo ndlela ixazulule inkinga yokugaywa kabusha ngokungemthetho kwebhethri lamalahle elahliwe.