Iphazili yokutshaja ibhetri yelithium kwakhona

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Ukuba i-2014 yimoto yamandla entsha yelizwe lam kunyaka wokuqala we-China, i-2015 yinto entsha yokuqhuma imoto yamandla. Ngokutsho kwedatha yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi, ngo-Oktobha 2015, ilizwe lam livelise i-50,700 izithuthi zamandla amatsha, amaxesha angama-8 aphezulu kunonyaka ngonyaka. Ukuba idatha yokuvelisa ngo-Oktobha emva koko, isithuthi samandla esitsha siya kuthunyelwa kwiimoto ezingaphezu kwe-300,000 zamandla amatsha kwi-2015.

Ngokunyuka kwemoto entsha yamandla, ingxaki yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo ibonakala ngokwemvelo. Iphazili 1: Yeyiphi ekungafuneki ihlaziywe? Umbhali wasebenza kwiforum entsha ye-automotive industry ngoNovemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukubona indlela yokujonga ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zamandla? Impendulo yile: ngoku uqwalasela ifashoni. Ngokombono weengcali, inani lezithuthi zamandla amatsha ngexesha alikho kakhulu.

Itekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium-ion eguqukayo ayivuthwanga. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ecinyiweyo ibuyiselwa kumaziko ophando ukuze kwenziwe uphando, ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokuba kuqwalaselwe ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezinkulu. Namhlanje, imveliso yenyanga enye yezithuthi zamandla amatsha ngo-Oktobha idlule isiqingatha sesiphumo sonyaka ophelileyo (2014 isithuthi samandla esitsha samandla onyaka we-83,900), kunye nenzuzo yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuqhubeka nzulu kwazo zonke iintengiso zendawo, izithuthi zamandla amatsha Ukhuseleko loluntu luya kwandisa kakhulu, inani elikhulu leebhetri ze-lithium-ion zamandla ziya kujongana nemiba yokubuyisela.

Ngokwelizwe lam iZiko loPhando lweTekhnoloji yezoThutho, ngo-2020, ibhetri yelizwe lam yombane i-lithium eqokelelwe kwi-scrap volume iya kufikelela kwi-120,000 ukuya kwi-170,000 yeetoni. Kwimpumelelo yamva nje "ilizwe lam elitsha lokunyuswa kwesithuthi samandla kunye nesicelo esinxulumene nokutshintshiselana ngamava kunye nesemina yophuhliso" Umsebenzi wokubuyisela ibhetri kufuneka ubekwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqale. Ingabonwa ukuba ingxaki yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo ibe yingxaki ekufuneka sijongane nayo.

Iphazili 2: Ngubani onoxanduva lokurisayikilisha? Okwangoku, ishishini kunye noluntu malunga nokuba ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yokuqhuba ithande ukuhambelana, ke ngubani omele abe noxanduva lokuziphatha ngokutsha? NgoSeptemba 11, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye neSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ngokudibeneyo babhengeze ukuba "umgaqo-nkqubo weteknoloji yokugcinwa kwebhetri yombane echaphazelekayo (uguqulelo lwe-2015)" icacile, kucacile ukuba umenzi weemoto uya kuba ngumzimba oyintloko wesithuthi sombane esisetyenzisiweyo ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amandla okugcina ibhetri. Kodwa yimalini oku kuphunyezwa? Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha ebhetri ye-lithium yemoto, iya kubandakanya iinkampani zokuvelisa ibhetri, iinkampani zemoto kunye nabathengi. Inkampani yokuvelisa ibhetri inoxanduva lokuvelisa iibhetri kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nazo, kunye nokuhlanganisana ngokuhambelana neemfuno zeenkampani zezithuthi;

Unyango lweebhetri ze-ion ze-lithium ziya kukhutshwa, ziqhaqhe, zicolwe, zihlelwe, zibuyiselwe, zibuyiselwe kwindlu, i-acid-base extraction, njl. Kukho iingcali ezithi ngenxa yeenkqubo ezinzima zenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, kungcono ukubuyisela indlela yokubuyisela ibhetri ezinikeleyo.

Ingcali yathi izithuthi zombane zabika ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona zingumgca omtsha, nokuba yinkampani yemoto okanye inkampani yebhetri, iya kujongana nemingeni emininzi. Kwiinkampani zokuvelisa izinto zebhetri, ngenxa yendlela yobugcisa, ikamva lingathatha ithuba lokuqala kwintsimi yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo. Iphazili yesi-3: Ungaphinda ubange njani? Nangona iinkampani zokuvelisa ibhetri zinokuthatha iingenelo ezithile kumandla e-lithium-ion ibhetri yokubuyisela, sele kukho inkampani yokuvelisa ibhetri kunye nenkampani ekhethekileyo yokuphinda isetyenziselwe ukubandakanyeka kweli shishini, kodwa ngenxa yokuba okwangoku akukho mava afanelekileyo, kubhekiselwa ekubeni ibhetri yamandla e-lithium-ion ngokungathandabuzekiyo Kusenjalo "ulwandle olungaziwayo oluluhlaza".

Imigangatho iya kulandela njani ngexesha lenkqubo yokubuyisela, kwaye iseyinombolo engaziwayo. Kukho abeendaba ukuba ukuhlaziywa kwangoku kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, iingcali, njl. okwangoku zilungiselelwe izithuthi zamandla amatsha, iingcali, njl.

, iingxoxo, iingxoxo, njl. Inkampani yokuvelisa ibhetri ikholelwa ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium yamandla ithengiswa kwinkampani yesithuthi, iindleko zokubuyiswa kwebhetri kufuneka zibe noxanduva yinkampani yemoto; inkampani yesithuthi ikholelwa ukuba ibhetri isetyenziswe ngabathengi, iindleko zokubuyisela kufuneka zithwalwe yinkampani yesithuthi kunye nabathengi Kwaye abathengi bakholelwa ukuba iibhetri abazithengayo zihlaziywa, kwaye isithuthi kunye nabavelisi beebhetri kufuneka benze le nxalenye yelahleko. Indlela yokulinganisa amalungelo eqela lokwenyani, kunye nengxaki ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngononophelo lisebe lokwenza izigqibo.

Ukongeza, ilizwe lam alizange lizise indlela yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium. Indlela eqhelekileyo eyamkelweyo ngoku kukuthatha indlela yokubuyisela i-nickel-hydrogen, i-nickel-cadmium, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion efana ne-electronics yabathengi, kunye nokukhupha isinyithi esixabisekileyo. Le fomu inokusombulula iingxaki zokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium kwimeko yobunini bemoto yamandla amatsha, kodwa ukuba inani leebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziqinileyo liye landa kakhulu, le ndlela isaxoxwa.

Kubekho iimbono ezithile ukuba iya kuba yenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokusombulula ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion esonjululweyo. Isigebenga semoto uDaimler-uMercedes-Benz usandul&39; ukuphehlelela isixhobo sokugcina amandla ebhetri ezandla ezibini esinomthamo weemegawathi ezili-13 kunye nenani leenkampani. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingcali, kwaye abavelisi beemoto ezahlukeneyo banikezelwa ngabavelisi beebhetri ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zenkampani yemoto enye inokusebenzisa imodeli eyahlukeneyo yamandla ebhetri ye-lithium, eya kubangela iibhetri zokugcina amandla ngokuhambelana.

Ingxaki Enzulu. Ke ngoko, kukho abangaphakathi kwishishini ukuba ngaba isebe lesigqibo kufuneka lisombulule ingxaki yokuhambelana kwenqanaba lokuphinda lisetyenziswe ukuze kuphuhliswe imigangatho ehambelanayo ehambelanayo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuvelisa ibhetri ye-lithium. Iphazili yesi-4: Yeyiphi imodeli esetyenziswayo? Ekubeni kusekho "ulwandle oluluhlaza", yeyiphi imodeli esetyenziselwa amandla e-lithium-ion ukubuyiswa kwebhetri, kwaye iinkampani ezinkulu ngoku zikwinqanaba lokuhlola.

UDaimler - Mercedes-Benz ubuyisela iprojekthi yokugcina amandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion okanye iya kufakwa ekusebenzeni kwi-2016, nangona kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuthatha izithuthi zombane ze-Mercedes-Benz kuphela ezingaziwayo, oku kunokuba yinkampani yemoto yokuvuselela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion enye yeemeko eziyimpumelelo zokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Ukongeza, kukho iimodeli zoshishino zeenkampani zokuvelisa iibhetri kunye neenkampani ezichwephesha zokurisayikilisha eziza kufunyanwa. Njengokwamkelwa kwe-BYD kwi-BYD kwi-BYD, ukusebenza kunye nenkampani ye-lithium-ion yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-Greenmei, ngethemba lokufumana imeko yokuphumelela kwintsimi yamandla e-lithium-ion yokubuyisela ibhetri ngokukhuthazwa, ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla okugcina amandla kunye neprojekthi ye-photovoltaic power plant.

Kukho neenkampani zokuvelisa ibhetri ukubonelela ngokusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi, njengeWatma ukwakha ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ehlaziyiweyo ehlaziyiweyo emva kovavanyo lokhuseleko, ukwakha isikhululo sokugcina amandla, ukukhutshwa emini, ukutshaja ebusuku, ukukhusela umbane ofunekayo kwifektri yasemini, ukunciphisa umbane wenkampani Inxalenye yenkcitho yeendleko. Ukongeza, kukwakho nabangaphakathi kwishishini elinokuthi lisetyenziswe kwiitricycle zombane, ezinamavili amabini, unikezelo lwamandla okhuseleko, ibhetri yokugcina amandla, okanye into yentsimbi ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zebhetri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa izinto zetsimbi, ezinokufikelela kwinqanaba leNjongo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi imodeli yezoshishino, iingcali zincoma ukuba zingasasazeki kunye neshishini eliphambili lenkampani, ngaphandle koko ayiyi kukwazi ukufumana inzuzo ephezulu yezoqoqosho.

Ukongeza, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yamandla, ukwenza imboni, kuyimfuneko ukuseka indawo ekhethekileyo yokubuyisela, kwaye indawo yokubuyisela kwakhona kufuneka ibe kude kumbindi wedolophu kwaye akufanele ibe yinto eninzi ukukhusela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion. Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Ngelo xesha, inkampani kufuneka iphinde ijikelezwe yinkampani, kwaye "i-disorder" imeko kwixesha elidlulileyo lokubuyisela ibhetri inqatshelwe ukukhusela ibhetri "ulawulo lokuqala lokungcola".