Indlela entsha yoyilo yokuthintela ukufakela ngempazamo

Mawallafi: Iflowpower - પોર્ટેબલ પાવર સ્ટેશન સપ્લાયર

Logama nje iyisistim esebenza ngebhetri, kuhlala kukho le ngxaki: awulunganga ukufaka ibhetri, ukubuyisela umva imicimbi ye-polarity, ukubuyisela umva iziganeko ze-polar. Inkqubo ayisebenzi okwexeshana okanye umonakalo osisigxina. Ibhetri yesiko eyenzelwe ukulungelelanisa indibano inceda ukunciphisa ukufakwa okungalunganga kunye nokubuyisela umva amathuba e-polar, kodwa luhlobo lwe-AAA, uhlobo lwe-AA, uhlobo lwe-C, kunye neeseli ze-D.

Ibhetri, okanye i-CR123, i-CR2 kunye neqhosha le-lithium ion ibhetri nazo zinokusilela. Ngaphambili, abaqulunqi basebenzisa izakhiwo zomatshini ukukhusela ukudibanisa kombane kunye neeterminals zebhetri (ukuba azifakwanga ngokuchanekileyo). Kodwa isisombululo soomatshini sincinci kakhulu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo banomsebenzi okhethekileyo ngenxa yokuba abafowunelwa basentwasahlobo kufuneka balawule amacandelo afanelekileyo omatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuba kulungile ukudibanisa nebhetri ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa ingafakwanga ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kunyamezelana okumxinwa kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zozinzo lwexesha elide kuba imithombo kunye noqhagamshelwano olumele lusetyenziswe lunokuthi lugobe okanye lube nempazamo. Nangona ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kuqhelekileyo, ukufakwa okuqhelekileyo kokuthumela kwakhona kokuqala, kunokubangela ukudinwa koqhagamshelwano, kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembeka kwexesha.

Kodwa nangona ezi zithintelo, izisombululo zoomatshini bezisoloko zikho kuba zezona ndlela zisebenzayo ezinokuthi abaqulunqi basebenzise ukuthintela ukufakwa kwebhetri okungalunganga. Yenzelwe ukuthintela izisombululo zombane ukusuka kwiziganeko zepolarity ezingasemva ezibangelwa ziibhetri zesigaba esingasemva ekubeni zingaphikiswana. Ngenxa yokuhla koxinzelelo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ayikhethwanga usebenzisa i-diode yochungechunge.

Ayingombono ulungileyo ukusebenzisa useto lwe-diode phantsi kuba isiganeko sokubuyela umva sinokubangela ukukhutshwa kwengozi yebhetri ixesha elide kwaye yenze i-diode ibe shushu kakhulu. Ii-MOSFETs ezohlukeneyo zinokuba nzima, kwaye zisenokungaphuculwa okanye zingqale ukunqanda umva polarity. Iimpawu eziphambili zovavanyo lwentsebenzo kwisiganeko se-polarity esingasemva sinokulahleka, kwaye oku kunokwenza umyili kufuneka aqikelele iimpawu zokusebenza zetafile yedatha kwaye aqikelele ixesha lokusebenza lokhuseleko, kuyaxhalabisa.

Ngaphezu koko, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo se-MOSFET, banokuba nomlawuli okanye omnye umsebenzi weendleko eziphezulu. Ii-ICs ze-Multifunction ICs ngamanye amaxesha zixhotyiswe ngeesekethe ezithintela i-polarity ebuyela umva, eyongeza kakhulu ubunzima besekethe kuba basebenza kwindawo entle kwaye basebenze okanye bangonakali kwimowudi ye-reverse polarity. Ke ngoko, imisebenzi emininzi ye-IC izise ukusebenza okukhulu kunye / okanye ixabiso leendleko.

Ngenxa yokurhweba ngeendleko ezisebenzayo, ukuphunyezwa okuqhelekileyo kunomsebenzi olinganiselweyo ochasene ne-reverse (-2V okanye -6V). Isixhobo sokukhusela esichasene ne-polarity siyindlela esebenzayo yokuthintela iibhetri zokufaka impazamo Nangona kunjalo, kutshanje, ukuvela kwezixhobo ezizinikeleyo zokukhusela i-polar zibonelela ngokukhethwa kombane okusebenzayo kubaqulunqi. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo (ezifana nezixhobo ezibonelelwa nge-flying sight) zimele enye yeendlela zokuthintela i-polarity eguqukayo kunye nokusebenza kweendleko kunye nokusebenza, lolona khetho lungcono kwiinkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla ebhetri.

Umfanekiso woku-1. Iisekethe ezibonisiweyo ekuthinteleni i-polarity ebuyela umva usebenzisa izixhobo ezinikezelweyo. Umzobo 1: Ukuthintela i-polarity ebuyela umva ekusebenziseni izixhobo ezinikezelweyo Olu seto lulula luyaqhubeka ngokuthembekileyo.

Yenzelwe ukunciphisa kancinci ilahleko yombane, kwaye uphendule ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo phantsi kweemeko ezichaseneyo. Iindleko zizonke nazo zilungile. I-SiteThetti diode zihlala zishibhile kunezixhobo ezizinikezelweyo zokukhusela i-polar, kodwa emva kokuba ukusebenza kwangoku kuqala ukunyuka, ixabiso elipheleleyo lendlela ye-Schottky iya kuqala ukunyuka.

Ukurhweba ngexabiso elisebenzayo, izixhobo ezinikezelweyo zokukhusela i-polar zinokuba yeyona ndlela inomtsalane ye-elektroniki. Abantu baya kuqhubeka nokwenza iimpazamo ezininzi kwibhetri, kodwa abaqulunqi banqanda iindlela ezincinci ezingalindelekanga nazo ziya kutshintsha. Emva kokuqwalasela ngokubanzi, isixhobo sokukhusela i-polarity esizinikezeleyo sinokuthi sithathe indawo yesisombululo esinzima ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Isizathu sokubuyela umva polarity kunye namanyathelo anokuthi athathwe kule nto, akukho mntu ufuna ukuba inkqubo yabo ingaphumeleli, ngakumbi ukuvutha komlilo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-polarity eguqukayo ivunyelwe ukuba iphule, imeko engentla ingenzeka. I-reverse polarity sisimo esizinzileyo sokubuyisela umva icala okanye isiphumo esibi esidlulayo.

Le yimeko yombane eyingozi, kwaye emva kokuba inkqubo iyifektri, kunzima ukuyinqanda. Reverse polarity yeyona isoyikiso kwiintlobo ngeentlobo izicelo eziqhelekileyo, kuquka zombane eziphathwayo, iisistim amandla ebhetri, izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe unikezelo lwamandla yemoto, iithoyi amandla DC, iimveliso ngebhakethi jack isiqhagamshelo, okanye nayiphi na ixhomekeke kubushushu ombane negative Plug okanye inductance transient isixhobo DC. Iinkqubo ezixhasa uqhagamshelo lwe-USB kunye / okanye ukutshaja kwe-USB zichaphazeleka ngakumbi.

Oku kulandelayo zezinye zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo ze polarity umva:. Kwezinye iimeko, itshaja inonxibelelwano lombane olubuyela umva okanye i-polarity inokusetwa ngumsebenzisi, eshiya indawo yempazamo. ● Sebenzisa ibhasi yomsebenzi we-USB "Hot Plug" ukudibanisa ngokulula okanye ukukhupha ifowuni xa ihlawuliswa, kwaye "iplagi eshushu" isebenze entsha, i-amplitude ye-hot-swappable transient nayo iyafana.

Ezi transients inductance zinokujiwuzisa ibhasi ukubuyisela umva iimeko zepolarity. Nangona la majingi edla ngokuba mafutshane kakhulu, mkhulu. Ngaphezulu kwe-± 20V ujingi kaloliwe wamandla ombane kuye kwalinganiswa "kwiplagi eshushu" yokusebenza.

Oku kudlulayo kunokuchaphazela ezinye izixhobo kwisixhobo esiqhawukileyo kunye nomzila kaloliwe wombane. Le ngxaki iya kuba mbi ngakumbi xa umbane wokutshaja usanda. ● Isixokelelwano esisebenza ngeebhetri esingafakwanga kakuhle sinokuba nempazamo ngenxa yokuba ibhetri ayifakwanga kakuhle, kwaye i-positive yayo ifakiwe.

Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kuhlobo lwe-AAA, uhlobo lwe-AA, uhlobo lwe-C, kunye neeseli ze-D, okanye i-CR123, i-CR2 okanye i-bhotela ye-lithium-ion ibhetri. Ukuba ibhetri ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo, isisombululo somatshini sithintela ukudibanisa kombane kunye nesigxina sebhetri, kodwa ezi zisombululo kufuneka zibunjwe kwi-mold kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nokudinwa koqhagamshelwano emva kwexesha elithile. ● Ukuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplagi eludongeni kwilizwe lethu, zimbalwa iziseko zombane emhlabeni, kwaye kukho iimfuno zokhuseleko ezingaphantsi.

Ke ngoko, unikezelo lwamandla lunokuhambisa i-voltage transients enkulu kumgca. Iingcingo zangaphakathi zenza imeko ibe mandundu. Ngaphambili, izibane zendabuko ze-incandescent zinokunceda ukufunxa kunye nokucinezela amandla adlulayo kumgca wamandla, kodwa akukho nto enye inhibitory efana neentlobo ezintsha ezifana ne-LED kunye ne-CFL.

Iingxaki ezingazange zihlangane ngokufudukela kwi-LED kunye ne-CFL. ● Faka isixhobo emotweni (okanye kwinqwelo-moya, kuloliwe, njl.njl.) Kwiimeko ezininzi, iadaptha yonikezelo lwamandla kubonelelo lwamandla othutho luquka ukujikeleza okubuyela umva, kodwa kukho imikhethe, ngakumbi kwiimveliso zokutshintsha ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Abasebenzisi abangenalwazi bafake kuphela isixhobo esifakwe kwijekhi ekhaphukhaphu emotweni, kuba akazange aqonde ukuba ijekhi elula inokubangela ukusilela kwesixhobo. Kuba zininzi kakhulu iindlela zokuqalisa isiganeko sepolar esingasemva, umyili kufuneka athintele i-reverse polarity phambi kokuba inkqubo ithintele umonakalo kumonakalo. Eyona ndlela yokukhusela i-polarity ye-reverse kwinkqubo ye-100mA yinkqubo yangoku ephantsi - oko kukuthi, ukusebenza kwangoku kungaphantsi kwe-100mA okanye i-200mA - ukugubungela izicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwinkqubo yokhuseleko kunye ne-alamu yomlilo kwi-automation yesakhiwo, idilesi yoluntu kunye nenkqubo yenethiwekhi yedatha.

Oku kubandakanya indawo yokusebenza eyahlukeneyo, kwaye abaqulunqi abanakusoloko beqikelela ukuba inkqubo iya kusebenzisa phi na. Ngokwemeko ethile, isixokelelwano sisenokuthi sibe sesichengeni sokungaguquguquki kokungaguqukiyo okanye iimeko zombane ezingalunganga ezifana neenguqu ezingakhiyo, ezinokuthi zibangele umva izehlo zepolarity kwaye zonakalise inkqubo. Isiphumo sinokuba lula njengokungaphumeleli kombane, kodwa ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, inokubangela umlilo.

Ngoko ke, iziphumo ezingalunganga zabaqulunqi ukukhusela i-polarity eguqukayo ekuziseni imiphumo emibi ye-reverse polarity. Zininzi iindlela zokufezekisa oku, kodwa malunga nezicelo zangoku eziphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo kudla ngokuba yingxaki encinci. Ngethuba nje inkqubo inokumelana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuhla kwamandla ombane osebenzayo kuhambelana nendlela nganye, iindlela ezimbini ezilula zochungechunge lwe-PN okanye i-Schottky diode zingasetyenziselwa ukufezekisa injongo.

Uluhlu lwe-PN diode luyilelwe ukwamkela ukuhla koxinzelelo olukhulu kuthotho (± 1V), okanye lunokuba ne-high voltage reverse transient (> 200V), emva koko sebenzisa uthotho lwe-PN diode lukhetho olulungileyo. Umzobo 2 unikezelwa ngomzekelo woyilo. Esi sisisombululo esilula esinexabiso eliphantsi esinokubonelela ngokuthintela ngokukhawuleza, ukusetha kwakhona umsebenzi kunye nokuphazamiseka okuphezulu kombane.

Umzobo 2: Indlela yeDiode yochungechunge Le diode inokusetyenziswa kwamandla kancinane, ngoko ke iisinki zobushushu zimbalwa, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Inkqubo iya kusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo nje ukuba ifowuni ishushu ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo okanye iimeko ezinokuthi zibe nempazamo. Nangona kunjalo, esi sisombululo asifanelekanga kuyilo ngalunye.

Inzuzo yeendleko iya kunyamalala ngokukhawuleza ngokunyuka kwamandla okusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, phantsi komgangatho ophezulu wangoku, ubukhulu bokusetyenziswa kwamandla, i-diode enkulu ifuna, ibiza kakhulu, i-conductivity ye-thermal ingcono, kunye nesakhiwo sokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu sisetyenzisiweyo. Ukongeza, kwinkqubo ye-voltage ephantsi (≤5V), ukuhla koxinzelelo lwe-diode kunokuba nesekethe eyongezelelweyo ye-booster ephantsi, eyenza ukuba ilindeleke ukuba ibe yindlela yeendleko eziphantsi ngokwenene ibe yindleko kakhulu.

Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ezi zininzi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa indlela ye-PN diode. Uluhlu lwe-Schottky diode lufana kodwa isicelo yindlela ebanzi kukusebenzisa uthotho lwee-Schottky diode endaweni ye-PN diode. Olu xinzelelo lwehla lusezantsi (± 0.

6V) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amandla amancinci. Umzobo 3 ubonisa ukusetwa kwe Schottky diode. Olu lungelelwaniso lubonelela ngokuthintela okugqwesileyo, ukungeniswa koyilo olulula kunye neendleko eziphantsi.

Isenako ukusetwa kwakhona kwaye inokuxhasa amandla ombane wokuqhekeka okuphezulu (> 200V). Umzobo 3: I-Sitexerry diode indlela yokunciphisa uxinzelelo inokunciphisa iimfuno zokulawula ukushisa ezinxulumene ne-PN diode zendabuko, kwaye oku kunokufikelela kwiiphakheji ezincinci nangaphantsi. Ngaphandle koku, isalumkile kuba isephezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuhla koxinzelelo malunga nezicelo ezininzi.

Ngaphezu koko, nangona uluhlu olusebenzayo lwe-diode ye-Schottky lubanzi kunoluhlu lwe-PN diode, usetyenziso olungcono lwale ndlela kuseyiyo yangoku usebenzisa i-current engaphantsi kwe-200 mA kwaye inombane ophezulu (> 5V). Isiphelo Yiyiphi indlela esetyenziswayo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela imiba emibini ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Masithi ezi parameters zimbini ziphakathi koluhlu olwamkelekileyo, ke iindlela ezimbini zinokukhusela ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo yangoku ephantsi ngexabiso eliphantsi, elonakaliswe kwiziganeko ze-polarity reverse.

Ukuba ukuhla koxinzelelo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuyingxaki, kunokuqwalasela isisombululo somthombo njenge-FRPF.