Andazi ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium isaqhuba njani imoto yombane.

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Ibhetri ngumphefumlo weemoto zombane, akukho bhetri, iimoto zombane azikwazi ukubonisa ukungafani kwakhe. Kwixabiso elipheleleyo lemoto yombane, ibhetri inokuthatha i-30% -45% yeendleko, i-motor, kunye ne-akhawunti yokulawula umbane kwi-20% -25%, umzimba kunye namanye amalungu athatha i-20%. Oku kubonisa indlela ibhetri ebaluleke ngayo! Ke ngoko, ibhetri ikwayinto abavelisi beemoto ezinkulu bagxile kuyo.

Ke, luhlobo luni lwebhetri olubalulekileyo ngoku kwimarike? Kukho iintlobo ezine zezine: ibhetri ye-lithium ion ye-thi-dimensional, ibhetri ye-lithium ye-iron phosphate ion, ibhetri ye-lead-acid kunye nebhetri ye-lithium-ion. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ye-lithium-ion ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ye-trith-dimensional i-polymer-ion ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, njengoko igama libonisa, isekelwe kwi-nickel-ityuwa, ityuwa ye-cobalt, ityuwa ye-manganese njengento efanelekileyo ye-electrode njengento efanelekileyo. Izinto ze-electrode, kunye ne-ternary material isetyenziswa njenge-electrode efanelekileyo. Ukhuseleko lwebhetri luphezulu kunebhetri ye-lithium cobalt ion, eyona nto yabenzi bebhetri bangoku.

Nokuba uthenga into, umthengi uya kuhlalutya izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo ngelixa uthenga, kwaye uya kuthambekela ekuthengeni izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo, kodwa iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion ezintathu zicacile, kunzima ukuyisebenzisa. umlinganiselo wokugweba. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion enemigangatho emithathu ebalaseleyo yeyokuba ubunzima bakhe bobunzima buphezulu kakhulu kunobo bezinye iintlobo zeebhetri, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ubunzima obufanayo bebhetri ye-lithium-ion enemigangatho emithathu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhetri, ubomi bayo bebhetri. ininzi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, isakhiwo asizinzile ngokubhekiselele kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ukwenzela ukuba ukhuseleko lunzima ukulawula, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.

Nangona abantu abaninzi okwangoku benikela ingqalelo kwaye basebenzise le bhetri, uphuhliso lwayo lunendlela ende ekufuneka ihambe. Ibhetri ye-lithium ye-iron phosphate ion ibhetri ye-lithium iron phosphate ion ibhetri ye-lithium ion esekwe kwi-lithium iron phosphate njengento efanelekileyo ye-electrode. Ngokunxulumene nebhetri ye-lithium-ion ye-lithium-ion, ukhuseleko lwebhetri ye-ion ye-lithium phosphate iphezulu, isitshixo se-PO kwiikristale ze-lithium iron phosphate, nokuba kunzima ukubola kwimeko yokushisa okuphezulu okanye ukugqithiswa, kwaye kunokuba ngokukhawuleza ihlawuliswe, isetyenziswe Ubomi obude.

Kwangaxeshanye, i-lithium yelizwe lam igcina izityebi, oovimba bentsimbi ye-iron oxide phosphate oxide e-China nayo ininzi, ukuze kukho inzuzo entle kwibhetri ye-ion ye-lithium yelizwe lam, ngoko ke iinkampani zasekhaya zikulungele ukukhetha uphuhliso kunye nokufunda. ye-iron phosphate. Ibhetri yeLithium-ion, efana neBYD, ikwibhetri. Kwimodeli entsha yeQin, ndasebenzisa uphando lwamva nje kunye nophuhliso lweebhetri ze-ion ze-lithium phosphate.

Le bhetri yongeza izinto ze-manganese, kwaye ubuninzi bayo bamandla bufikelele kubuninzi bezinto ezithintekayo, kwaye ziphuculwe kakhulu kubomi bebhetri. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingxaki enkulu kubanini beemoto abaninzi bekhalaza ukuba amandla ombane kunye nebhetri yebhetri. Ezi ngongoma zimbini nazo ziyingxaki ebalulekileyo yeebhetri ze-ion ze-lithium iron phosphate.

Ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri ye-ion ye-lithium ye-phosphate ion iphantsi, eyenza umthamo ube mkhulu kakhulu, kwaye ibhetri inomthamo omncinci, obangela ukuba ubomi bebhetri bube yibhodi emfutshane, kwaye ibhetri ayinakukwazi ukubuyela emva kwe-scrap. , inokuphoswa kuphela, ixabiso lokuphinda lisetyenziswe liphantsi kakhulu, ekugqibeleni, le bhetri ihlwempuzekileyo, kwaye ukutshaja kwebusika kuyingxaki enkulu. Ke ngoko, ukuba i-BYD ifuna ukuqhubeka nokukhokela kwibhetri, kuya kubiza umgudu omkhulu. Ibhetri ye-lithium-cobalt-free ye-cobaltate yi-Tesla "ibhetri ekhethekileyo", enesakhiwo esizinzile, umthamo ophezulu, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.

Inomthamo webhetri olungileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iyunithi incinci, yenza imoto Ngaphezulu kwenani leebhetri, iTesla yakha amacandelo angaphezu kwama-7,000 emodeli yeeModeli, i-18650, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ye-yuan ezintathu yanele qhuba imoto ukubaleka. Xa ibhetri ngokwayo iqondo lokushisa lifikelela kwi-250-350 ¡ã C, izithako zekhemikhali zangaphakathi ziye zaqala ukubola, kwaye kuya kubakho iingozi ezininzi zokhuseleko. Ekuphenduleni le ngxaki, uTesla uye walungiselela, kwaye kukho i-fuse kwiziphelo zombini zebhetri nganye.

Xa ibhetri ishushu kakhulu okanye ikhoyo ngoku inkulu kakhulu, i-fuse iya kunqunyulwa, ithintele ibhetri epheleleyo ngenxa yokuba ibhetri ichatshazelwa yibhetri. vela. Nangona kunjalo, nangona isisombululo sethiyori sele sesona silungileyo, ngaba siya kuyithintela ngokwenene kwizicelo ezisebenzayo? Kwakhona, ukuba kukho ingxaki ngebhetri egcweleyo yangaphakathi, iya kuyicombulula njani? Oku kwakhona kuyingxaki ukucinga.

Ibhetri ye-lead-asidi yebhetri yindoda endala ebhetri. Sele inembali yeminyaka eyi-150, kwaye i-electrodes yayo ibalulekile kwilothe kunye neeoksidi zayo. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lead-asidi kubanzi kwaye kubalulekile kwiimoto zombane ezinesantya esiphantsi.

Inzuzo kukuba i-voltage izinzile, umthamo mkhulu, kwaye uluhlu lweqondo lokushisa lubanzi. Akubonakali kwimeko yobusika obunzima, iteknoloji ikhulile, ukhuseleko luphezulu, kwaye iindleko ziphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, iintsilelo zeebhetri ze-lead-acid nazo zicacile kakhulu, ubuninzi bamandla aphantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo umthamo omkhulu, ubomi obufutshane benkonzo, iingxaki, iingxaki zongcoliseko zibi kakhulu.

Umba obalulekileyo wokungcoliseka kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi kukuba akukho khonkco loshishino oluhambelanayo. Umxokelelwane opheleleyo woshishino lwebhetri kufuneka ubandakanye imveliso - ukusetyenziswa - ukuhlaziya - ukuveliswa kwakhona, kunye neebhetri ze-lead-acid ziyatshutshiswa ekubuyiseleni inkunkuma, kwelinye icala, ngenxa yengxaki yeengxabano zomdla, zimbalwa kakhulu iinkampani zokulahla ibhetri ezisemthethweni, kwelinye icala i-arhente kaRhulumente ayinazo iinkqubo zolawulo ezikhethekileyo. Umsebenzi wokurisayikilishwa awulungile, kwaye izinga lohlaziyo liya kuhla, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinkcitho emandla yemithombo.

Okwangoku, izinga lokuvuselelwa kwezinto ezikhokelayo kwilizwe lam lithatha ngaphantsi kwe-40% yelothe, kwaye amazwe aseNtshona aphuhlileyo afikelele kuma-70%. Ishishini elidala kufuneka libe nesizathu esinamandla, kodwa ukuba ingxaki yalo endala ayilunganga ngokwaneleyo ukuncama, kuya kuba kuzisola, ngoko kungakhathaliseki ukuba yinkampani okanye ilizwe, nikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwibhetri ye-lead-acid, ingxaki yongcoliseko iyasonjululwa.