How to design the PCB board of the LED switch power supply

2022/04/08

Umbhali :Iflowpower-UMboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Uyilo olubonakalayo lwebhodi yePCB kuyilo lonikezelo lombane lokutshintsha likhonkco lokugqibela. Ukuba indlela yoyilo ayilunganga, i-PCB inokukhupha uphazamiseko lwe-electromagnetic kakhulu, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwamandla okungazinzanga, kwaye oku kulandelayo kuchithwa kwimiba efunekayo kwinqanaba ngalinye: I. Ukusuka kwimephu yomgaqo ukuya kwi-PCB yoyilo lwenkqubo yokusekwa iparameters yecandelo - Faka Itheyibhile yomgaqo womnatha-Uyilo lweparameter yoyilo-Uyilo lweManuwali-Ucingo olwenziwa ngesandla-Uyilo loQinisekiso-Uphononongo-Isiphumo seCAM.

Okwesibini, iparamitha yokubeka isithuba esikufutshane socingo ayihambelani neemfuno zokhuseleko lombane, kwaye isithuba kufuneka sibe banzi njengoko kuququzelelwa ukusebenza kunye nokucubungula. Isithuba esincinci sincinci sifanelekile kwi-voltage, xa ukuxinana kwee-wiring kuphantsi, isithuba somgca wesignali sinokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo, umgca wesignali wamanqanaba aphezulu naphantsi kufuneka ube mfutshane kangangoko kwaye ukwandise isithuba, ngokubanzi. Misela isithuba somgca kwi-8 mils. Umgama ukusuka kumngxunya wangaphakathi kwi-plate eprintiweyo inkulu kune-1 mm, ekhusela i-pad defect ngexesha lokuvelisa.

Xa umkhondo uxhunywe kwi-pad, ukudibanisa phakathi kweepads kunye neetrayisi kufuneka zenzelwe i-droplet yamanzi, oko kukuthi iipads azilula ukuphakamisa, kodwa ukulandelelana akulula ukuqhawula. Okwesithathu, inkqubo yoyilo lwamacandelo ingqina ukuba nokuba uyilo olucwangcisiweyo luchanekile, ibhodi yesekethe yoshicilelo ayilungiswanga ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye iya kuchaphazela kakubi ukuthembeka kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba imigca emibini emihle yamacwecwe ashicilelweyo isondele kumgca, ukulibaziseka kwe-wave waveform ye-signal yenziwa, kwaye ingxolo yokubonakalisa ibonakaliswe kwi-terminal yomzila wokuhambisa; ngenxa yokunikezelwa kwamandla, umhlaba ucatshangelwa, imveliso iya kwenza imveliso iNtsebenzo iyancipha, ngoko ke, xa uyila iibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo, nikela ingqalelo ekuthatheni indlela efanelekileyo.

Umbane ngamnye otshintshayo unamarhintyela amane angoku: (1). Umbane wokutshintsha isekethe ye-AC (2). Ukulungiswa kwemveliso Isekethe ye-AC (3).

Umthombo wegalelo lomthombo welophu yangoku (4). Umthwalo wemveliso yangoku iluphu iluphu iluphu nge-DC eqikelelweyo Le yangoku ihlawuliswa kwi-capacitor yegalelo. I-capacitor yokucoca ibalulekile kwinjongo yokugcina amandla e-broadband; ngokufanayo, i-capacitor yokucoca imveliso ikwasetyenziselwa ukugcina amandla amatyeli aphezulu ukusuka kwisilungisi semveliso ngelixa ususa amandla e-DC weluphu yomthwalo wemveliso.

Ngoko ke, ii-terminals ze-input and output filter capacitors ziqine kakhulu, kwaye igalelo kunye neesekethe zangoku eziphumayo kufuneka zixhunywe kuphela kumandla ombane ukusuka kwii-terminals ze-filter capacitor; ukuba uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-loop igalelo / i-output loop kunye ne-power switch / i-rectifier circuit ayinakukwazi ukukhuphisana Ipeni ye-terminal ixhunyiwe, kwaye amandla e-AC aya kuba negalelo okanye imveliso yokucoca i-capacitance kwaye isasaze kwindawo. Umbane wokutshintsha isiphaluka se-AC kunye ne-rectifier AC loop iqulethe i-trapezoidal current ephezulu. Ezi zixhobo ze-harmonic ziphezulu.

I-frequency inkulu kakhulu kune-switch based frequency, kwaye i-peak magnitude ingaba phezulu ukuqhubeka negalelo / imveliso ye-DC yangoku amplitude. Amaxesha ama-5, ixesha lokutshintsha lidla ngokuba malunga ne-50ns. Ezi sekethe zimbini zinokwenzeka ukuba zivelise ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, ngoko ke ezi zijikelezo zotshintshiselwano zenziwe phambi kweminye imigca eprintiweyo kubonelelo lwamandla, kunye necandelo elibalulekileyo le-capacitor yokucoca, ukutshintshwa kwamandla okanye izilungisi, ii-inductors, kunye neziguquli kufuneka zibe enye kwenye.

Beka kufuphi, lungisa indawo yecandelo ukwenza indlela yangoku phakathi kwabo ibe mfutshane ngokusemandleni. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuseka unikezelo lwamandla okutshintshayo iyafana noyilo lombane, eyona nkqubo yoyilo yoluyilo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Beka isiguquli Uyilo lwamandla Tshintshela kwi-loop yangoku uyilo Isiphumo solungiso lwesekethe yangoku UQhagamshelwano kuyilo lwesekethe yolawulo lwesekethe ye-AC igalelo langoku loyilo lomthombo kunye igalelo loyilo lokucoca imveliso Ilophu yomthwalo kunye nemveliso yokucoca ihambelana neyunithi esebenzayo yesekethe, kwaye le migaqo ilandelayo ihambelana nale migaqo ilandelayo: (1) Okokuqala, qwalasela ubungakanani bobungakanani bePCB. Xa ubukhulu bePCB bukhulu kakhulu, umgca oshicilelweyo ubude, i-impedance yongezwa, amandla okulwa nengxolo athotyiweyo, kwaye iindleko zonyuswa.

Incinci kakhulu, kwaye umgca ongummelwane usengozini yokuphazamiseka. I-optimum shape rectangle yebhodi yesekethe, i-aspect ratio ye-3: 2 okanye 4: 3, ibekwe kumda webhodi yesiphaluka, ngokuqhelekileyo ingekho ngaphantsi kwe-2mm ukusuka kumda webhodi yesiphaluka. (2) Xa ubeka isixhobo, qwalasela i-welding elandelayo, musa ukuba nzima kakhulu.

3 Amacandelo kufuneka abe yi-avareji, ecocekileyo, elungelelaniswe ngokudibeneyo kwi-PCB, ukunciphisa ukukhokela kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwamacandelo, kunye ne-decoupling capacitance isondele kangangoko kwi-VCC yesixhobo. (4) Iisekethe ezisebenza kwii-frequencies eziphezulu zokuqwalasela iiparamitha zokusabalalisa phakathi kwamacandelo.

Iisekethe ngokubanzi kufuneka zicwangciswe ngokuhambelana kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku, akukuhle kuphela, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kulula ukusetyenzwa kwebhetshi. (5) Lungiselela indawo yeyunithi yesekethe esebenzayo ngokwesekethe yesekethe, ukwenzela ukuba ulungelelwaniso lube lula ukuhamba, kwaye umqondiso uhambelana ngokusemandleni.

(6) Umgaqo ophambili woyilo kukuqinisekisa izinga lokuthintelwa kwe-wiring, ingqalelo kuqhagamshelo lomgca wokubhabha, ubeke isixhobo esinobudlelwane obudibeneyo kunye. (7) Nciphisa indawo yelophu kangangoko unakho ukucinezela uphazamiseko lwemitha yobonelelo lombane lokutshintsha. Okwesine, ukunikezelwa kombane wokutshintsha i-wiring iqulethe izibonakaliso eziphezulu zefrikhwensi, kwaye umgca wokuprinta kwi-PCB unokudlala i-eriyali, ubude kunye nobubanzi bomgca wokushicilela buchaphazela i-impedance kunye nokungeniswa kwayo, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukuphindaphinda.

Nemigca eprintiweyo yomqondiso weDC nayo idityaniswe ukusuka kwimigca eprintiweyo ekufutshane ukuya kwiimpawu zeRF kwaye ibangele iingxaki zesekethe (kunye neempawu zemitha kwakhona). Ngoko ke kufuneka ilungiselelwe ukuba ibe mfutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngomgca wokushicilela ngokusebenzisa i-AC yangoku, oku kuthetha ukuba onke amacandelo aqhagamshelwe kucingo oluprintiweyo kwaye aqhagamshelwe kwezinye iintambo zombane zisondele kakhulu. Ubude bomgca wokuprinta buhambelana ne-inductance kunye ne-impedance eyibonisayo, kwaye ububanzi buhambelana ngokuphambene ne-inductance kunye ne-impedance yomgca oshicilelweyo.

Ubude bubonakalisa ubude bomgca woshicilelo, kokukhona ubude bubude, kokukhona kusezantsi ukuphindaphindeka komgca woshicilelo kunokusasaza kwaye kufumane amaza ombane wombane, kwaye unokukhupha amandla amaninzi kanomathotholo. Ngokobungakanani bebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo, zama ukurenta ububanzi bomgca wamandla, ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwe-loop. Ngexesha elifanayo, ulwalathiso lwentambo yamandla, ucingo lomhlaba luhambelana, olunceda ukuqinisa amandla okulwa nomsindo.

Umhlaba lisebe elingaphantsi kweesekethe ezine zangoku zokunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha. Idlala injongo ebaluleke kakhulu njengendawo yesalathiso yoluntu kwisekethe. Yindlela ye-awertime yokulawula ukuphazamiseka.

Ngoko ke, ukubekwa kocingo lomhlaba kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokucokisekileyo kwi-layout, kwaye ukuxutywa komhlaba okuhlukeneyo kuya kungazinzi. La manqaku alandelayo kufuneka ahlawulwe koku kulandelayo: 1. Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo inqaku elinye lokumisa ngokuqhelekileyo, isiphelo se-capacitor yokucoca kufuneka ibe yindawo eyodwa yoqhagamshelo kwezinye iindawo ezincanyathiselwe kutshintshiselwano lwemisinga emikhulu, umgangatho ofanayo womgangatho ofanayo ibe njengeyona ilungileyo Kufuphi, kunye necapacitance yokucoca amandla kwinqanaba lesekethe kufuneka nayo idityaniswe kwindawo yokumisa, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umjelo wenxalenye nganye yesekethe emhlabeni itshintshiwe, kwaye i-impedance yenyani ukuhamba kuya kukhokelela kwinxalenye yesekethe.

Utshintsho ukwazisa ukuphazamiseka. Kulo unikezelo lwamandla okutshintsha, inductance yayo phakathi kwee-wiring kunye nesixhobo sincinci, kwaye ukujikeleza okwenziwe yisekethe yomhlaba kunempembelelo enkulu ekuphazamiseni, kwaye ngaloo ndlela isebenzisa umhlaba omncinci, ukwenzela ukuba i-loop yangoku yokuguqula umbane (eziliqela). izixhobo kwizixhobo eziliqela kwizixhobo eziliqela Emazantsi komhlaba, ucingo lomhlaba lwezixhobo ezininzi ezikhupha i-rectifier yangoku yesekethe kwakhona zifumana i-capacitor filter ehambelanayo, ukuze unikezelo lwamandla luzinze ngakumbi, akukho lula ukuba ube self- Uchulumancile.Xa ungenzi inqaku elinye, unokudibanisa iibhubhu ezimbini eziyalelweyo okanye ukuchasana okuncinci kwindawo eqhelekileyo.

2. Zama ucingo oluphantsi, ukuba ucingo lokumisa lulungile, utshintsho olunokuthi lutshintshe ngokutshintsha kwangoku, okubangela inqanaba lesignali ngexesha, ukusebenza kwe-anti-ingxolo kuyancipha, ngoko qinisekisa ukuba ukuphela komhlaba ngamnye. yangoku enkulu Ukusebenzisa umgca woshicilelo olufutshane, zama ukwandisa unikezelo lwamandla, ububanzi bomhlaba, kukhethwa ucingo lomhlaba lubanzi kunomgca wombane, kwaye ubudlelwane babo bu: intambo yomhlaba> intambo yamandla> intambo yomqondiso, ukuba kunokwenzeka. , umgca womhlaba Ububanzi kufuneka bube bukhulu kune-3mm, okanye uluhlu olukhulu lobhedu lusetyenziselwa umhlaba, kwaye indawo apho ingasetyenziswanga kwi-plate yokushicilela ixhunyiwe njengendawo. Xa uqhuba iintambo zehlabathi, le migaqo ilandelayo kufuneka ilandelwe: (1).

Ulwalathiso lwe-Wiring: Ukusuka kwi-weld surface, ukucwangciswa kwamacandelo kufuneka kuhambelane netshathi yomgaqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ulwalathiso lwe-wiring luhamba ngokufanelekileyo kunye nolwalathiso lomzobo wesiphaluka. Ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, uvavanyo luvame ukuvavanywa kwi-welding surface, ngoko oku kulula ukuqhutyelwa ukuhlolwa, ukugunyaziswa kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona (Qaphela: bhekisa kwisiseko sokusebenza kweesekethe zentlanganiso kunye nofakelo lomatshini kunye neemfuno zokubeka ipaneli). (2).

Xa uyila umzobo wocingo, umkhondo kufuneka ujikwe kwigophe. Ububanzi bomgca kwi-arc yokushicilela akufanele buguqulwe, ikona yocingo kufuneka ibe yi-≥90 degrees, kwaye umgca ulula kwaye ucacile. (3).

Akukho sekethe ye-interwoven eyenziwa kwisekethe eprintiweyo, kwaye imigca enokwenzeka inokujongana ne "drill", "wind around". Oko kukuthi, i-lead "iqhutywe" kwi-voids yezinye i-resistors, i-capacitors, kunye ne-triode, okanye ukusuka kwelinye icala lentambo yokukhokela enokuthi ifakwe i-interleaved, indlela isiphaluka kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye iyilo loyilo olulula. Kwakhona kuvunyelwe ngebhulorho yocingo, ukujongana nemiba yesekethe edibeneyo.

Ngenxa yepaneli enecala elinye, i-element-in element ifumaneka kwi-TOP surface, izitikha zetafile zibekwe kwindawo ephantsi, ngoko ke isixhobo sokudibanisa sinokugqithisa izitikha zetafile xa ulungelelwaniso, kodwa ukuthintela ukugqithiswa kweepadi. 3. Igalelo kunye nemveliso isekelwe kwi-DC-DC kunikezelo lwamandla ombane ophumayo, ifuna ukubuyisela amandla ombane wokukhupha umva kwi-transformer, kunye neesekethe kumacala omabini kufuneka zibe nomhlaba wesalathiso oqhelekileyo, ngoko emva kokuvula umhlaba kuzo zombini. amacala, Qhagamshela kunye ukwenza indawo eqhelekileyo.

V. Emva kokuba uyilo lwe-wiring yokukhangela lugqityiwe, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ngokucophelela uyilo lwe-wiring ayikho imigaqo ebekwe ngumyili. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqinisekise ukuba imigaqo ebekiweyo ayihambelani nemfuno yebhodi yoshicilelo, umgca wokuhlola ngokubanzi kunye nemigca, imigca Ipadi yamacandelo, umgca kunye nemingxuma, iipads element kunye nemingxuma, umgama phakathi kwemingxunya kunye nemingxuma akukho ngqiqweni, ngaba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenzwa?

Ngaba ububanzi bentambo yamandla kunye nocingo lomhlaba ngokufanelekileyo, kukho apho umgangatho uyanda kwi-PCB. Qaphela: Ezinye iimpazamo zingahoywa, umzekelo, ezinye ze-plug-in's OUTLINE ibekwe ngaphandle kwebhokisi yebhodi, khangela impazamo yesithuba; ukongeza, emva kokuguqula ukunqumla kunye nokudlula imingxunya, kufuneka uphinde ugqume kube kanye. Okwesithandathu, ukuphonononga ngokwe "Uluhlu lokutshekisha lwePCB", kubandakanywa imithetho yoyilo, intsingiselo yomgca, ububanzi bomgca, isithuba, i-pad, ngokucwangcisa, kunye nokugxila kwingqiqo yoyilo lwesixhobo, amandla, inethiwekhi yomgca womhlaba, isantya esiphezulu. inethiwekhi yewashi kunye nekhuselo, ukubekwa kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-decoupling capacitance, njl.

7. Iingcebiso zokuyila imveliso yokukhanya amaxwebhu okupeyinta: a. Umaleko ozakuba yimveliso unomaleko wocingo (phantsi komaleko), umaleko woshicilelo lwesilika (kuquka ushicilelo lwescreen somaleko oluphezulu, isikrini esingaphantsi), umaleko wokuxhathisa (umgangatho ongaphantsi kwe-soldering), umaleko wokugrumba (umaleko ongaphantsi) Kwakhona uvelise ifayile yokomba (ncdrill) b.

Xa useta iLayer yoshicilelo lwesilika, musa ukukhetha i-PartType, khetha umaleko ophezulu (underde) kunye ne-silk screen Outline, Text, Linec. Xa useta umaleko womaleko ngamnye, i-boardoutline Ngokuzithandela, xa useta iLayer yoshicilelo lwesilika, musa ukukhetha i-PartType, khetha umaleko ophezulu (ophantsi) kunye ne-Silk screen Outline, Text, Line. d.

Xa usenza ifayile yokomba, sebenzisa iPowerPCB's default setting, musa ukwenza naluphi na utshintsho. .

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