Uhlalutyo lwendlela yokutshaja elungeleleneyo yamandla ebhetri ye-lithium ion

Umbhali :Iflowpower-Umboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Ubuchwephesha obuqhelekileyo bokutshaja obulungelelanisiweyo bubandakanya ukulingana kokumelana ne-shunt, ukuqhawula ukulingana kokumelana ne-shunt, ukutshaja kwebhetri ye-avareji yokulinganisa ukulinganisa, ukutshaja kwe-capacitance elinganayo, ukutshaja kwe-step-down converter equalization ukutshaja, ukutshaja ngokulinganayo kwe-inductance, njl. , kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba ibhetri nganye ilinganiswe, ngaphandle koko iya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nobomi besethi yonke yeebhetri ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. I-cell ekhoyo ye-lithium-ion ibhetri yokukhusela i-chip ayinayo imisebenzi yokulawula ukutshaja ngokulinganayo, i-multi-segment lithium-ion ibhetri yokukhusela i-chip equalization yokulawula imisebenzi yokulawula ukuba ibe yi-CPU yangaphandle; ngonxibelelwano lwe-serial (njengebhasi ye-I2C) ngee-chips ezikhuselayo, Ukwandisa ubunzima kunye nobunzima boyilo lweesekethe zokukhusela, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo, ukongeza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Kweli phepha, ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yamandla, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion nganye idinga ukutshaja i-overvoltage, ukukhutshwa phantsi kombane, i-overcurrent, ukukhusela isiphaluka esifutshane, kunye nengxaki yokutshaja ibhalansi yeqela lonke ngexesha lokutshaja, yazisa ukusetyenziswa koYilo. indlela yebhetri ipakethe iiphaneli zokhuselo eziqulethe umsebenzi wokutshaja olinganayo kuthotho olungenasizathu lwelithium-ion yebhetri yetshiphu yokukhusela. Iziphumo zokulinganisa kunye nesicelo sokuvelisa imveliso zibonakalise ukuba ibhodi yokukhusela inomsebenzi ogqibeleleyo, ozinzile, ukusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu, kunye nephutha lokutshaja elilinganayo elingaphantsi kwe-50mV. I-1 Lithium ion ibhetri ipakethe yokukhusela ipleyiti yokulinganisa umgaqo wokuhlawula apho: I-1 ibhetri ye-ion ye-lithium enye; I-2 yintlawulo ye-overvoltage shunt discharge yesebe ukumelana; I-3 yi-shunt discharge yesebe lokutshintsha isixhobo sokutshintsha; I-4 i-overcurrent ukhuseleko lokumelana nokukhusela i-5 ishiywe i-lithium ion yokukhusela ibhetri ye-chip kunye nesahlulo sokudibanisa isiphaluka; I-6 yi-chip eyodwa yokukhusela ibhetri ye-lithium ion (ngokubanzi kubandakanywa ipini yokulawula ukutshaja i-CO, i-pin yokulawula ukukhutshwa kwe-DO, i-dicharge overcurrent, i-short-circuit monitor ye-VM, ibhetri ye-VDD ephilileyo, i-VSS engathandekiyo yebhetri, njl.

); I-7 yisango lombhobho we-MOS wolawulo lokutshaja kwisekethe ephambili emva kokutshaja isignali yokukhusela i-overvoltage yenziwa ngobudlelwane obungenasiphelo kwisekethe enkulu; I-8 ikhutshwe phantsi kwe-voltage, i-overcurrent, kunye nesignali yokukhusela i-short-circuit Emva kokuba i-optical coupling ihlulwe, isango lombhobho we-MOS osebenza ngombane lenziwa kwisiphaluka esiphambili sesiphaluka esikhulu; I-9 sisixhobo sokutshintsha ulawulo lokutshaja; I-10 yisixhobo sokutshintsha ukulawula ukukhupha; I-11 yisekethe yokulawula; I-12 yisekethe ephambili; I-13 lisebe lokukhupha i-shunt. Inani leebhetri ze-lithium-ion zokukhusela ibhetri limisela ngokwenani leeseli zepakethi yebhetri ye-lithium ion, ngokulandelelana, ngokulandelelana, ikhusela kwaye ikhuphe, i-overcurrent, kunye nesimo esifutshane se-single-cell lithium ion ibhetri. , ngokulandelelanayo. Ngelixa ukhuseleko lokutshaja, inkqubo ihlawuliswa ngokukhusela i-chip control shunt discharge branch switching device, eyahlukileyo kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokufezekisa ukulinganisa ukulinganisa ekupheleni kweshaja, ukunciphisa i-lithium ion ibhetri yeshaja.

Ixabiso lesicelo soyilo. 2 Uyilo lweHardware 2.1 Ukutshaja isekethe Xa utshaja iqela lebhetri ye-lithium ion, unikezelo lwamandla lwangaphandle olulungileyo kunye ne-electrode engalunganga iqhagamshelwe kwipakethi yebhetri, kwaye ukutshaja kwangoku kutyhutyha ngebhetri ipakethi entle ye-BAT +, ipakethe yebhetri eneseli enye yelithium- ibhetri ye-ion.

I-1 ~ N, i-dicharge control switching device, ifowuni yokulawula ukutshaja, ibhetri ipakethe i-BAT-, ukuhamba kwangoku ukuya kwi-Figure 2. Kwinkqubo, ukutshaja isignali yokukhusela i-overvoltage ye-lithium ion ibhetri yokukhusela i-chip isetyenziswe ngokufanayo, kwaye I-voltage yesango yesixhobo sokutshintsha ukutshaja kwisekethe ephambili isetyenziswa kakhulu; njenge-lithium ethile okanye ezininzi Ibhetri ye-ion ingena kwimeko yokukhusela i-overvoltage ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja, kwaye isignali yokukhusela i-overvoltage ikhutshwe kumasebe adibeneyo adibeneyo ngokuhambelana ne-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative ye-single-cell lithium ion ibhetri, kunye imonomer ehambelanayo idityaniswe kuthotho kwisekethe yokutshaja. Ibhetri yeLithium-ion yophula isiphaluka sokutshaja.

2.2 Isekhethi engundoqo kunye ne-shunt discharge yesebe i-lithium ion ibhetri ye-pack series intlawulo, ungayihoyi impembelelo yokwahlukana kwamandla ebhetri enye, ihlawuliswe ngokubanzi ibhetri. Ngeli xesha, isignali ehambelanayo yokukhusela i-overvoltage ilawulwa yisixhobo sokutshintsha isebe lokukhupha i-shunt, kwaye enye i-shunt resistor idibaniswe ngokufanayo kuzo zombini iziphelo zebhetri yokuqala.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimodeli yesekethe ye-PNGV elinganayo yebhetri, ukuchasana kwesebe le-diversion kufana nomthwalo webhetri ye-ion yokuqala ye-lithium, ekhutshwayo, ukwenzela ukuba i-voltage yokuphela kwebhetri igcinwe kwindawo encinci kakhulu kufuphi nombuso. . Ukucinga ukuba i-1, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ihlawuliswa kuqala, faka indawo yokukhusela i-overvoltage, emva koko isiphaluka esiphambili kunye nesebe elijikelezayo langoku ligeleza ngokubhekiselele kuMzobo 3. Xa zonke iiseli ezilodwa zihlawuliswa kwimo yokukhusela i-overvoltage, yonke i-lithium enye I-ion yebhetri ye-ion ilingana ngokupheleleyo kuluhlu lwephutha, kwaye izibonakaliso zokulawula i-chip yokukhusela icandelo ngalinye ziyathotywa kwaye azikwazi ukuba ngumtshintshi wokulawula ukutshaja kwisekethe enkulu.

Isixhobo sokubonelela ngesango i-bias yenza ukuba icinywe, isiphaluka esiyintloko sinqanyuliwe, oko kukuthi, ukutshaja kwamandla, inkqubo yokutshaja igqityiwe. Ukuchaswa kwesebe lokukhutshwa phakathi kweziphelo ezimbini zebhetri yecandelo elilodwa lingabalwa ukusuka kubukhulu bombane otshajayo weshaja yebhethri ye-lithium ion kunye nobukhulu bebhetri ye-lithium ion kunye nobukhulu bokukhutshwa kwangoku. I-Balanced current kufuneka ibe nengqiqo, ukuba incinci kakhulu, umphumo wokulinganisa awubonakali; ukuba kukhulu kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kwenkqubo kukhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokulinganisa kuphantsi, kwaye iimfuno zokulawula ukushisa kwebhetri ye-lithium ion ziphezulu, kwaye ikhoyo ngoku ngokubanzi inokuyilwa phakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-100 mA.

2.3 Ukukhutshwa kweSekethe Xa ipakethi yebhetri ikhutshwe, umthwalo wangaphandle uhlukanisa ibhetri ye-positive kunye ne-negatives BAT + kunye ne-BAT-zombini iziphelo, kunye nokukhutshwa kwangoku kuhamba ngebhetri i-BAT engathandekiyo, ukutshaja isixhobo sokutshintsha, ukukhupha isixhobo sokutshintsha. , ibhetri ipakethe kwiiyunithi Iibhetri ze-Lithium ion N ~ 1 kunye nebhetri ipakethe amalulwane afanelekileyo, ukuhamba kwangoku ukuya kuMzobo 4. Ukukhutshwa kuphazamisekile ukukhuselwa kombane, ukugqithiswa kunye nokulawulwa kwezibonakaliso ezimfutshane zokukhusela i-single-cell lithium ion ibhetri ye-chip chip ixhunyiwe uchungechunge emva kokudibanisa optical, kunye nombane wombane wesango lombane wesixhobo sokutshintsha ukukhupha kwisekethe enkulu; kanye ibhetri Iqela lidibana neemeko ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-undervoltage okanye i-overcurrent kunye nesiphaluka esifutshane njengebhetri ye-lithium ion ngexesha lokukhutshwa, kunye ne-single-cell ye-lithium ion ibhetri ehambelanayo yokulawula ukukhutshwa kwesignali yokukhusela iphantsi, kwaye isango alinikezelwanga. kwisixhobo sokutshintsha ulawulo lokukhupha kwisekethe enkulu.

I-bias yenza ukuba ivale, isiphaluka esiphambili sinqanyuliwe, oko kukuthi, ukuphelisa inkqubo yokukhupha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion isebenzisa i-voltage eqhubekayo yangoku (i-TAPER)-uhlobo lokutshaja, ukutshaja rhoqo kwe-voltage, ukutshaja ngokusemthethweni kwesalathiso sokulinganisa kuyahla. Isixhobo sokutshintsha umrhumo kunye nokukhutshwa kwesekethe ephambili kwinkqubo inokuhlangabezana neyona ndlela iphezulu yokusebenza ngoku kunye neemfuno zokukhethwa kombane osebenzayo ngokuhambelana neesekethe zangaphandle.

I-cell-cell lithium-ion ibhetri yokukhusela i-chip yesiphaluka solawulo inokukhethwa ngokwezinga le-voltage ye-single-cell lithium ion ibhetri ukuba ikhuselwe. Ukuchaswa kokukhutshwa kwesebe kunokuphunyezwa ngokuxhathisa amandla okanye ukuxhathisa inethiwekhi. Apha, inethiwekhi yokuchasana isetyenziselwa ukuqonda ukuchasana kwesebe lokukhupha i-shunt.

Inokuphelisa ngempumelelo imiphumo yokuchasana nokuchasana. Ukongezelela, kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla ashushu. 3 Ukulinganisa ukutshaja ipleyiti yokukhusela ukulinganisa ukulinganisa ngokomgaqo osisiseko wesekethe yokukhusela ipleyiti yokulinganisa ukutshaja, inkqubo yokulinganisa imodeli yakhiwe kwindawo ye-MATLAB / SIMULINK, kunye nemeko yokulinganisa ipleyiti yokukhusela ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha inkqubo ye-lithium- ibhetri ye-ion iqinisekisiwe.

Ukuba nokwenzeka. Ngenxa yokulula, imodeli yokulinganisa i-lithium-ion ibhetri yepakethe ixhunywe kuphela kwichungechunge ukusuka kwi-2 ibhetri ye-lithium ion, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 5. Kulo mzekelo, umthombo we-voltage olawulwayo utshintshwa yibhetri ye-lithium ion enye, kwaye ukulinganisa kwentlawulo yebhetri kuyakhutshwa.

Kwi-Fig. 5, i-RS iyinhloko yebhetri yoluhlu lwebhetri, kwaye i-RL iyisixhasi somthwalo, kwaye i-Rd yi-shunt discharge branch resistance. I-lithium-ion ibhetri yokukhusela i-chip S28241 ifakwe kwi-subsystem, eyenza imodeli iyonke xa imfutshane ngakumbi.

Imodeli ye-subsystem ye-chip ekhuselayo Ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo imodyuli ye-arithmetic yengqiqo, imodyuli yomsebenzi wesimboli, imodyuli yokukhangela i-dimensional, imodyuli yokudibanisa, imodyuli yokulibaziseka, imodyuli yokutshintsha, imodyuli yokusebenza kwezibalo, njl. Ekubeni kukho umahluko othile phakathi kwendawo yokulinganisa kunye nesekethe yokwenyani, musa ukuhluza kwaye unamandla okuzihlukanisa kombane obuthathaka, kwaye iimodyuli ezongezelelweyo zinokukhokelela ngokulula kubude bexesha lokulinganisa.

Ngoko ke, kwinkqubo yokulinganisa yokwenene, isiphaluka sisusiwe ekuhlungeni, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-optocoupler, ukulungiswa kwenqanaba kunye nezinye iisekethe, kunye nenethiwekhi yokumelana eyenzelwe i-shunt enkulu yangoku iguqulwa ibe yinto enye yokuchasana, kunye nobunzima benkqubo yokulinganisa iyancitshiswa. Xa useka imodeli yokulinganisa inkqubo epheleleyo, nikela ingqalelo kwi-input and output data yeemodyuli ezahlukeneyo zinokuthi zihluke. Kufuneka ilungiselele ngokuchanekileyo ulandelelwano loqhagamshelwano lwemodyuli.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuguqulwa kweentlobo zedatha kuyimfuneko, kwaye imodyuli yokufumanisa i-voltage isetyenziswe kumzekelo ukuqonda umqondiso onamandla. Ingxaki yoqhagamshelo loguqulo. Umqondiso onikiweyo womthombo wombane olawulwayo kwimodeli yokulinganisa unokuba nomehluko omncinci kwisiseko se-waveform, ukumela umahluko wokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhetri.

Umzobo we-6 yindlela yokufumanisa ukulinganisa kombane webhetri enye kwi-pack yebhetri, enokubonwa ngokusebenzisa i-overcurrent discharge circuit, esebenza ngokufanelekileyo. 4 Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo zovavanyo lwenkqubo, amaqela amabini e-36V8A. I-H manganese i-asidi ye-lithium ibhetri ye-pack yokukhusela iipleyiti zenzelwe iqela elinye, amacandelo angama-10, ayenzelwe iqhekeza elinye kunye ne-10 series.

I-S28241 yaseJapan Seiko Inkampani, ibhodi yokukhusela ibalulekile kwisiphaluka esiphambili, isiphaluka sokulawula, isebe le-shunt discharge, kunye ne-filtered, i-optocoupler isolation kunye neesekethe zokumisela umgangatho, kunye nesakhiwo esisisiseko siboniswe kuMzobo 7. Isebe lokukhutshwa ngoku likhethwa I-800mA, kunye nentambo ye-510 resistor ixhunyiwe ngokufanayo. Umsebenzi wokulungisa ubalulekile kuvavanyo lombane kunye novavanyo lwangoku lwamacandelo amabini.

Iimvavanyo zombane zibandakanya ukutshaja ukusebenza kokufumanisa ukugqithiswa kwamandla, intlawulo esisiseko, kunye nokufunyanwa kokusebenza kokukhupha ukungabikho kwamandla. Unokukhetha ukuvavanya eyona ipakethi yebhetri ngobonelelo lwamandla e-analog yebhetri. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya ngokuthe ngqo kunye nepakethe yebhetri efakiweyo, kwaye ibhetri ipakethe iphinda isetyenziswe, kwaye isixhobo sokukhusela sibonwa ukuba isixhobo siqhelekile, kwaye i-voltage yexesha langempela yebhetri nganye irekhodwa, kunye nokusebenza kokulinganisa ukutshaja. izimisele.

Kodwa le ndlela ithatha ixesha elide uvavanyo. Xa utshaja ukubonwa kokusebenza kwepakethi yebhetri, i-3-bit-half-precision-voltage meter echanekileyo isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwi-voltage yokutshaja ye-10-cell battery, enokuthi ibonwe ukuba ibhetri nganye ingaphakathi kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwamandla ombane, kunye nokwahlukana. phakathi kwe-monomers encinci, ngexesha lokutshaja Ukuphambuka kombane kungaphantsi kwe-100mV, i-voltage yentlawulo epheleleyo ye-4.2V, ukuphambuka kombane kungaphantsi kwe-50mV.

Inxalenye yovavanyo lwangoku ibandakanya ukubonwa kwe-overcurrent kunye nokufumanisa i-short-circuit. Ukufunyanwa kwe-Overcurrent kunokudibaniswa kuluhlu kumthwalo we-resistor kunye namandla abuyele kumbane emva, ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza umthwalo, xa ukunyuka kwangoku kwixabiso lokuphuphuma, jonga itafile yangoku ibonisa ukuguqulwa kombala. Ukubhaqwa kwendlela emfutshane kunokuseta ibhetri ye-electrode elungileyo kunye nenegative ukujonga imeko yangoku yetafile.

Ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokumisela ukuba isixhobo sichanekile, i-welding yesiphaluka ichanekile, uvavanyo lwangoku lunokuvavanywa ngokuthe ngqo kwimeko yesalathisi somthombo wamandla kumkhuseli. Kusetyenziso lokwenyani, kucingelwa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kunokubangela ukuba amandla ombane ebhetri angazinzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-voltage igqithise ixesha elifutshane kakhulu okanye i-undervoltage, okukhokelela ekumiselweni kwempazamo yesekethe yokhuseleko lwebhetri, ngoko ke i-chip ekhuselayo ixhotyiswe ngokulibaziseka okuhambelanayo. Ingqiqo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yongeza isiphaluka sokulibaziseka kumkhuseli, oya kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle ukuze kubangele ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweempazamo zesekethe.

Ekubeni ipakethe yebhetri ayisebenzi, isixhobo ngasinye sokutshintsha kwi-plate yokukhusela sikwimeko enqanyuliweyo, ngoko ke ukulahleka kwe-static kuphantse ku-0. Xa inkqubo isebenza, ilahleko ebalulekileyo yilahleko ye-paccand kwii-tubes ezi-2 ze-MOS kwisekethe enkulu, xa utshaja Xa i-equalization circuit isebenza, ilahleko yobushushu bombane kwisebe le-shunt inkulu, kodwa ixesha lifutshane, kwaye ilahleko eguquguqukayo iyonke ikwinqanaba lexesha ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Uvavanyo, uyilo lwesiphaluka sokukhusela sinokuhlangabezana nokugcinwa kwe-serial lithium ion ibhetri yepakethe, ukukhuselwa kuphelile, kunokwethenjelwa ukwenza i-overcharge, ukukhuselwa ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nokufezekisa umsebenzi wokulinganisa ukulinganisa.

Ngokutsho kwesicelo, emva kokutshintsha imodeli ye-chip yokukhusela kunye nenani lemigca, isixhobo sokutshintsha kunye nenqanaba lamandla lesixhobo sokutshintsha kunye nesixhobo sokusetyenziswa kwamandla sinokukhuselwa kwaye sinikezelwe kwipakethe yebhetri ye-lithium ion yaso nasiphi na isakhiwo kunye nombane. inqanaba. Ukuba i-FS361A yaseTaiwan FS361A isetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-chip ukufezekisa amaqela angama-3 ahambelanayo, i-12 umtya we-phosphate ion uyilo lwebhetri ye-bettery, njl. ukuhlolwa.