Deredza kutadza kwemagetsi emotokari nekushandisa chaiyo lithium bhatiri yekuona uye tekinoroji yekunzwa

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Mpamatsy tobin-jiro portable

Ese shanu mota kukundikana ndeimwe yemabhatiri. Mumakore mashoma anotevera, nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwetekinoroji yemotokari senge kufambisa kwemagetsi, kutanga / flameout injini manejimendi uye hybrid (magetsi / gasi), nyaya iyi ichawedzera uye yakanyanya kuoma. Kuti uderedze kukanganisa, voltage, ikozvino, uye tembiricha yebhatiri zvinonyatsoonekwa, uye mhedzisiro inotaridzwa, iyo yekuchaja mamiriro uye mamiriro ekushanda anoshandiswa, uye mhedzisiro inotumirwa kune injini control unit (ECU), uye kutonga kuchaja basa.

Motokari dzemazuva ano dzakazvarwa mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Motokari yekutanga inovimba nekutanga kwebhuku, ine simba guru, kune ngozi huru, uye ichi ruoko crank yemotokari yakakonzera kufa kwakawanda. Muna 1902, bhatiri rekutanga rakatanga mota rakagadzirwa zvakabudirira.

Pakazosvika 1920, motokari dzose dzakatangwa. Kushandiswa kwekutanga ibheteri yakaoma. Kana simba remagetsi rapera, rinofanira kutsiviwa.

Nenguva isipi, bhatiri remvura (kureva rekare-asidhi bhatiri) rinotsiva bhatiri rakaoma. Kubatsira kwe-lead-acid bhatiri kana injini iri kushanda, inogona kubhadharisa kubva. Muzana remakore rapfuura, pane kuchinja kuduku mumabhatiri e-lead-acid, uye kuvandudzwa kwekupedzisira kunokosha ndiko kuisimbisa.

Shanduko yechokwadi ndizvo zvinodiwa nazvo. Pakutanga, bhatiri rinongoshandiswa kutanga motokari, nyanga uye magetsi emwenje. Nhasi, ese emagetsi masisitimu emota anofanirwa kuve nemagetsi isati yabatidzwa.

Kuvhiya kwemidziyo yemagetsi mitsva haingori GPS neDVD player uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi. Nhasi, injini yekudzora unit (ECU), hwindo remotokari yemagetsi uye chigaro chemagetsi, uye muviri wemagetsi mudziyo wakaita sechigaro chemagetsi chave chigadziro chemhando dzakawanda dzemhando dzakakosha. Mutoro mutsva weexponential level wakanganisa zvakanyanya, uye kutadza kunokonzerwa nemagetsi system kunowedzera humbowo.

Zvinoenderana neADAc neRAC nhamba, ingangoita 36% inogona kuverengerwa kutadza kwemagetsi mukutadza kwese kwemotokari. Kana nhamba yacho ichiongororwa, inogona kuwanikwa kuti inopfuura 50% yemhosva inokonzerwa nezvikamu zvebhatiri ye-lead-acid. Zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zviri pasi pebhatiri zvinofanirwa kuratidza hutano hwemabhatiri e-lead-asidi: (1) Charge state (SoC): SOC inoratidza kuti imarii inochaja inogona kupihwa, iyo bhatiri yakayerwa huwandu (kureva, bhatiri nyowani SOC SOC) inomiririra muzana.

(2) Mamiriro ekushanda (SOH): SOH inoratidza kuti mari yakawanda inogona kuchengetwa. Chiratidzo chekuchaja mamiriro echaji chiri nani pane geji yemafuta ebhatiri. Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuverenga iyo SOC, mbiri dzadzo mbiri: yakavhurika yedunhu voltage yekuyera nzira uye Coulomb assay (inozivikanwawo seCoulomb counting method).

(1) Vhura siketi yemagetsi (VOC) yekuyera nzira: hukama hwakapfupikiswa pakati peyakavhurika redunhu voltage uye yekuchaja kwayo panguva isina bhatiri. Iyi nzira yekuverenga ine miganhu miviri inokosha: Kutanga, kuti uverenge SOC, bhatiri rinofanira kuzarura, hapana mutoro; chechipiri ndechekuti kuyerwa uku kwakarurama chete mushure menguva yakadzikama. Izvi zvinogumira zvinoita kuti nzira yeVOC isakodzere kuverengera pamhepo kweSOC.

Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa muchitoro chekugadzirisa motokari, uko bhatiri inobviswa, uye mhepo pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka matanda emagetsi anogona kuyerwa netafura yemagetsi. (2) Coulomb assay: Iyi nzira inoshandisa Coulomb Count kutora ikozvino kune nguva mapoinzi, nokudaro kusarudza SOC. Uchishandisa nzira iyi, iyo SOC inogona kuverengerwa munguva chaiyo, kunyangwe bhatiri riri pasi pekuremerwa mamiriro.

Nekudaro, iko kukanganisa kweyero yecoulomb kuchawedzera nekufamba kwenguva. Inowanzo kuzara uchishandisa yakavhurika yedunhu voltage uye coulomb kuverenga kuverenga kuchaja mamiriro ebhatiri. Mamiriro ekushanda emamiriro ekushanda anoratidza huwandu hwebhatiri, uye kugona kwayo kuchengetedza kuchaja kana ichienzaniswa nemabhatiri matsva.

Nekuda kwechimiro chebhatiri pachayo, SOH yakaoma kwazvo, zvichienderana nemakemikari anoumbwa uye nharaunda yebhatiri. Iyo SOH yebhatiri inokanganiswa nezvakawanda zvinhu, zvinosanganisira kuchaja kugamuchirwa, kupindira kwemukati, voltage, kuzviburitsa uye tembiricha. Izvi zvinhu zvinowanzoonekwa sezvakaoma kuyera zvinhu izvi munzvimbo chaidzo-nguva munzvimbo yemotokari.

Muchikamu chekutanga (injini kutanga), bhatiri riri pasi pemutoro mukuru, panguva ino, nzira dzekuverenga dzeSOC neSOH dzinonyatsoshandiswa nemutungamiri webheteri sensor developer inonyatso shandiswa neinotungamira yemotokari bhatiri sensor vagadziri vane zvakavanzika zvakanyanya, kazhinji vari patented. Dzivirira. Sevaridzi vezvivakwa zvehungwaru, vanowanzo shanda padhuze neVARTA neMOLL kugadzira aya maalgorithms.

Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza iyo inowanzo shandiswa discrete circuit yekuona bhatiri. Mufananidzo 1: Kusiyanisa bhatiri yekuona mhinduro Dunhu iri rinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: (1) bhatiri kuona: bhatiri voltage inoonekwa neinopikisa attenuator zvakananga kubva bhatiri positive electrode. Kuti uone zvazvino, inodzivirira yekuona (12V application inowanzo shandiswa mu100Mω) Pakati pebheteri negatives uye pasi.

Muchigadziro ichi, simbi chassis yemotokari kazhinji, uye kuramba kwekuona kunoiswa mudunhu razvino rebhatiri. Mune mamwe magadzirirwo, iyo yakaipa electrode yebhatiri ndeye. Nezve SOH kuverenga, iwe unofanirwawo kuona tembiricha yebhatiri.

(2) Microcontroller: Microcontroller kana MCU yakakosha kupedza mabasa maviri. Basa rekutanga nderekugadzirisa mhedzisiro yeanalog converter (ADC). Iri basa ringave rakapfava, rakadai sekusefa kwekutanga; inogona kunge yakaoma, sekuverenga SOC uye SOH.

Basa chairo rinoenderana nekugona kweMCU kugadzirisa uye zvinodiwa nevagadziri vemotokari. Basa rechipiri nderokutumira nzira kuburikidza nekukurukurirana kwekutaurirana kune ECU. (3) Nhaurirano yekukurukurirana: Parizvino, iyo yemunharaunda yekubatanidza network (LIN) interface ndiyo inonyanya kutaurirana pakati pema sensors ebhatiri neECUs.

Lin mutsara mumwechete, wakaderera mutengo kune imwe inozivikanwa yakawanda CAN protocol. Ichi ndicho chigadziriso chiri nyore chekuona bhatiri. Nekudaro, mazhinji akanyatsojeka ekuona bhatiri algorithms anoda ese mabhatiri voltages uye azvino, kana bhatiri voltage, ikozvino uye tembiricha panguva imwe chete.

Kuti uite synchronous sampling, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera kusvika kune maviri analogi kune madhijitari anoshandura. Mukuwedzera, iyo ADC neMCUs inogadzirisa magetsi kuti ishande nemazvo, zvichikonzera kuoma kwedunhu kutsva. Izvi zvakagadziriswa nemugadziri weLin transceiver nekubatanidza magetsi.

Iko kunotevera kuvandudza kwemotokari chaiyo bhatiri yekuona yakasanganiswa ADC, MCU uye Lin transceivers, senge ADU&39;s AduC703X Series Precision Simulation Microcontroller. AduC703X inopa maviri kana matatu 8KSPs, 16-bit<000000>sigma;-Acc, 20.48MHzarm7TDMIMCU, uye yakabatanidzwa Linv2.

0 transceiver inoenderana. Iyo ADUC703X yakatevedzana inosanganiswa neyakaderera kudzvanywa musiyano gadziriso, iyo inogona kufambiswa zvakananga kubva kune lead-asidhi bhatiri. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvekuonekwa kwebhatiri yemotokari, kumucheto kwepamberi kunosanganisira mudziyo unotevera: voltage attenuator yekutarisa bhatiri voltage; chirongwa chinogoneka kuwana amplifier, ine 100mωPaunenge uchishandisa resistor pamwe chete, tsigira yakazara-chiyero ikozvino ye1A kusvika 1500A; accumulator, inotsigira coulomb kuverenga pasina software yekutarisa; uye imwe tembiricha sensor.

Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza mhinduro kune iyi yakabatanidzwa mudziyo. Mufananidzo 2: Mhinduro kumidziyo yakabatanidzwa Muenzaniso wemakore mashomanana apfuura, motokari dzepamusoro chete dzakagadzirirwa nebhatiri sensor. Nhasi, kune motokari dzakawanda uye dzepakati uye dzakaderera dzekuisa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviduku, uye zvinogona kuonekwa chete mumhando dzepamusoro makore gumi apfuura.

Nhamba yekukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemabhatiri e-lead-asidhi saka inoramba ichiwedzerwa. Mushure memakore mashoma, mota imwe neimwe ichaisa sensor yebhatiri kuderedza njodzi yekuwedzera njodzi yechigadzirwa chemagetsi.